Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Elements Research Articles

Monopulse antenna array based on three-modes with orthogonal radiation beams

A compact multi-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) monopulse antenna array operating at X-band is proposed. The structure consists of four stacked layers, including one layer for the radiating 4 × 4 rectangular microstrip antenna elements and two SIW layers for the comparator network. The sum and difference modes provide orthogonal radiation patterns in the azimuth and elevation planes. The two SIW layers of the comparator network feature a compact multi-feed design while maintaining high isolation between the antenna ports. To validate the proposed antenna concept, silmulations and measuremets are carried out. The obtained resuts show good performnces, a −10-dB impedance bandwidth of 13.45 % (9.35–10.7 GHz) for the sum and difference ports, better than 30 dB isolation between the antenna ports, the difference radiation patterns better than −38 dB null-depth. The comparison between the simulated and measuremed results shows a good agreement.

Compact Planar Antenna Array With Tapering in Both Planes for Desired First Sidelobe Reduction

In this letter, a new configuration of a compact low-profile tapered antenna array has been proposed to reduce the first sidelobe level (FSLL) in two orthogonal planes using a small number of nonidentical rectangular microstrip antenna elements. The tapering coefficients corresponding to cosine-square distributions over a pedestal have been used to realize amplitude tapering in two orthogonal planes of an array for suppressed sidelobe levels. The FSLL of −17.5 dB in the E plane and −15.0 dB in the H plane is practically achieved. The simulated results are verified experimentally, which are in agreement.

A fuzzy hybrid approach for the synthesis of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

In this work, a fuzzy hybrid approach (FHA) for the synthesis of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates is presented. The FHA is based on a fuzzy genetic algorithm (FGA) and a controlled random search algorithm. The results obtained from the FHA are compared with the results obtained from the different types of genetic algorithm. The FHA gives a better design than the others. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 351–355, 2000.

A fuzzy hybrid approach for the synthesis of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

A fuzzy hybrid approach for the synthesis of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Design considerations for rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

The effective design and analysis of microstrip antennas presupposes the quantitative knowledge of the effects of the physical and mechanical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material on electromagnetic properties of the antenna. The behavior of antenna electromagnetic properties for varying mechanical and physical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material is presented. A set of graphs for a relevant set of parameters is presented which enables the designer to clearly see the tradeoffs involved in choosing specific parameters for the antenna. Several parameters that are deterrents to the proper functioning of the antennas are also identified. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 19: 111–121, 1998.

Design considerations for rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

The effective design and analysis of microstrip antennas presupposes the quantitative knowledge of the effects of the physical and mechanical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material on electromagnetic properties of the antenna. The behavior of antenna electromagnetic properties for varying mechanical and physical properties of the patch, the ground plane, and the substrate material is presented. A set of graphs for a relevant set of parameters is presented which enables the designer to clearly see the tradeoffs involved in choosing specific parameters for the antenna. Several parameters that are deterrents to the proper functioning of the antennas are also identified. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 19: 111–121, 1998.

Techniques for the computation of the mutual coupling between two rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Techniques for the computation of the mutual coupling between two rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Mutual coupling coefficient between two rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

A volume equivalence theorem combined with a theoretical model equivalent to a lossy transmission line and the cavity model yields a new algorithm that is much simpler than the presently used methods for calculating mutual coupling coefficients between two identical probe-fed rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses. The theorem takes into account surface-wave contribution, losses associated with radiation dielectrics and conductors through their equivalent resistances and / or quality factors, mismatching, physical properties of the antenna elements, relative permittivity, and thicknesses of substrates. Numerical coupling coefficient results that illustrate the approach and the measured results for the dominant TM10 mode are presented as a function of separation between two antenna elements in E- and H-plane coupling configurations. Numerical results are in good agreement with mesurements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 15: 242–251, 1997.

Formulas for the computation of the far-field radiation patterns of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Formulas based on the two-slot, the cavity, and the surface current models to compute the far-field radiation patterns in both the E and H planes for rectangular microstrip antenna elements are studied and their validity assessed. Three closed-form formulas are presented for the calculation of the radiation patterns in the E plane for antenna elements with substrates thicker than those reported elsewhere. These are derived by modifying the two-slot model by the use of empirically derived correction factors, taking into account the power radiated in space and surface waves, the surface-wave model coefficients, and the line extension. The capability of the developed formulas is illustrated by comparison between the computed results and experimental measurements. The computed results are in good agreement with measurements. The H-plane patterns are computed from the two-slot model and/or the cavity models. The half-power beamwidth in the E and H planes have also been determined for each of the antenna elements investigated in this work. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 14: 360–367, 1997.

Formulas for the computation of the far‐field radiation patterns of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Formulas for the computation of the far‐field radiation patterns of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Empirical formulas for the computation of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Empirical formulas for the computation of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Empirical formulas for the computation of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

The suitability and threshold of the applicability of the formulas available in the literature on the design of physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements are assessed. Their variations have been experimentally examined by analyzing a set of newly made antenna elements with substrate thicknesses in the range of h ≥ 0.0815 λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength and h is the substrate thickness. New formulas that can determine the antenna physical properties arc empirically determined. A formula for the effective permittivity has been derived from the relationship between the velocity of light in air and the phase velocity in the substrate material. The influence of substrate thickness on the antenna physical properties is also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 14, 115–121, 1997

An efficient technique for the computation of the input resistance of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Several formulas based on the cavity model and the transmission-line model are combined to produce closed-form expressions for calculating the input resonant resistance of probe-fed rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates. These expressions take into account the patch and substrate physical properties and the effect of surface wave, radiation, conductor, and dielectric losses with their equivalent resistances. Experimental results are compared with computed results to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of this expressions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Calculation of the radiation patterns of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

Formulas based on the two-slot, the cavity, and the electric surface current models to determine the far-field radiation patterns in both the E and H planes of rectangular antenna elements have been studied and their validity has been assessed. Their variations were experimentally verified by analyzing a set of newly designed rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Calculation of the radiation patterns of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

Formulas based on the two-slot, the cavity, and the electric surface current models to determine the far-field radiation patterns in both the E and H planes of rectangular antenna elements have been studied and their validity has been assessed. Their variations were experimentally verified by analyzing a set of newly designed rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The calculation of the input resistance of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

Several formulas based on the transmission line and the cavity model are combined to produce closed-form formulas for calculating the input resonant resistance of probe-fed rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various relative permittivities and thicknesses of substrates. This formula takes into account the feed-point location, the patch and substrate physical properties, the effect of radiation, the conductor, and the dielectric losses with their quality factors. The capability of the formula is illustrated by comparison between the calculated results and experimental measurement. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The calculation of the input resistance of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

Several formulas based on the transmission line and the cavity model are combined to produce closed-form formulas for calculating the input resonant resistance of probe-fed rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various relative permittivities and thicknesses of substrates. This formula takes into account the feed-point location, the patch and substrate physical properties, the effect of radiation, the conductor, and the dielectric losses with their quality factors. The capability of the formula is illustrated by comparison between the calculated results and experimental measurement. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Formulas for the computation of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

Formulas available in the literature for the design of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements are discussed, and their validity is assessed. Their variations have been experimentally examined by analyzing a set of newly designed antenna elements with substrates satisfying the criterion h ≤ 0.0815λ0 for 2.22 ≤ ϵr ≤ 10.2, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength, h is the thickness, and ϵr is the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate. New formulas that can determine the antenna physical properties and the effective dielectric constant are empirically determined. ©1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Formulas for the computation of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with various substrate thicknesses

Formulas available in the literature for the design of the physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements are discussed, and their validity is assessed. Their variations have been experimentally examined by analyzing a set of newly designed antenna elements with substrates satisfying the criterion h ≤ 0.0815λ0 for 2.22 ≤ ϵr ≤ 10.2, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength, h is the thickness, and ϵr is the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate. New formulas that can determine the antenna physical properties and the effective dielectric constant are empirically determined. ©1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Closed-form expressions for the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates

Three closed-form expressions are presented for the calculation of resonant frequencies of rectangular microstrip antenna elements. They are derived by modifying the transmission-line model and the cavity model, and by the curve-fitting method. The results of these expressions are compared with the measured resonant frequencies of antenna elements with substrates that satisfy the thickness criterion h ≥ 0.0815λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength and h is the thickness of the substrate. Calculated results are in excellent agreement with measurements. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.