Abstract
The suitability and threshold of the applicability of the formulas available in the literature on the design of physical properties of rectangular microstrip antenna elements are assessed. Their variations have been experimentally examined by analyzing a set of newly made antenna elements with substrate thicknesses in the range of h ≥ 0.0815 λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength and h is the substrate thickness. New formulas that can determine the antenna physical properties arc empirically determined. A formula for the effective permittivity has been derived from the relationship between the velocity of light in air and the phase velocity in the substrate material. The influence of substrate thickness on the antenna physical properties is also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 14, 115–121, 1997
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