Rectangle Shape Research Articles

Enhanced Performance of Flat Plate Solar Collector with Twisted Tape Double Cutting Rectangle Shape

Solar water heating uses solar collectors to capture sunlight and convert it into heat energy. It has grown remarkably and is now widely used for water heating in homes and manufacturing plants worldwide. Various techniques have been employed to enhance heat transfer in collectors, such as enlarging the collector's surface area or inducing fluid turbulence in the tubes. This article aims to boost the effectiveness of a flat plate solar collector through the use of a twisted strip to generate turbulence in the flow. Three twisted tapes, made of Aluminum and copper, were placed inside the collector's tubes, each with a different shape. All the twisted tape shapes - square, rectangle, and triangle - were identical in size, measuring 1000 mm in length and 1 mm in thickness. Both experimental tests and a numerical study were conducted on these three shapes of twisted tape. For each shape, three pitches were used: 2,3 and 4 cm. The results indicated that the efficiency of the collector using the double-cutting rectangular twisted tape with a 2 cm pitch was superior to other collector shapes. Moreover, the copper tapes exhibited greater efficiency than the aluminum tapes.

A random encounter model for wildlife density estimation with vertically oriented camera traps

AbstractThe random encounter model (REM) estimates animal densities from camera‐trap data by correcting capture rates for a set of biological variables of the animals (average group size, speed and activity level) and characteristics of camera sensors. The REM has been widely used for setups in which cameras are mounted on trees or other structures aimed parallel to the ground. Here, we modify the REM formula to accommodate an alternative field of view acquired with vertically oriented camera traps, a type of deployment used to avoid camera theft and damage. We show how the calculations can be adapted to account for a different detection zone with minor modifications. We find that the effective detection area can be close to a rectangle with dimensions influenced by the properties of the Fresnel lens of the camera's motion sensor, the body mass of different species and the height of the camera. The other REM parameters remain the same. We tested the modified REM (vREM) by applying it to wildlife data collected with vertically oriented camera traps in Bardia National Park, Nepal. We further validated that the effective detection area for the camera model used was best approximated as a rectangle shape using maximum likelihood estimation. Density estimates obtained broadly matched independent density estimates for nine species from the previous studies in Bardia with varying body sizes by four orders of magnitude. We conclude that these modifications allow the REM to be effectively used for mammal density estimation for species with a wide range of body sizes, with vertically oriented camera traps.

Ultra-compact silicon nitride dual-polarization mode converter for visible light demonstrated on a thinned 320 nm silicon wafer

A dual-polarization higher-order mode converter is proposed for visible light, which operates within the (400–700) nm range, to enhance data capacity in on-chip visible light communication systems. The proposed structure is optimized at wavelengths of 410 nm, 560 nm, and 660 nm to cover the entire visible spectrum. These three optimized designs, in particular, have an intrinsic property wherein they can be optimized to simultaneously convert both polarized fundamental (TE0) and fundamental (TM0) modes to the second higher-order (TE2) and (TM2) modes, providing significant advantages for hybrid multiplexing systems like PDM-MDM and PDM-WDM schemes. The mode converters are constructed on a silicon nitride waveguide. This waveguide is etched and filled with silicon dioxide material to create two dielectric substrips, followed by an additional rectangle shape etched using the same process into the propagating waveguide. This alteration enhances insertion loss and diminishes crosstalk to the fundamental mode. The devices achieve a broad operating bandwidth of approximately 100 nm while maintaining a compact footprint of only 1µm×1.754µm for the entire device at the center wavelength of 560 nm. Upon optimizing the suggested structure, a TE0-to-TE2 mode converter with a modal conversion efficiency of 94% is designed at the wavelength of 410 nm. The insertion loss is 0.6025 dB, and the crosstalk with the transverse electric fundamental mode TE0 is 35 dB. The reported devices feature a straightforward structure with low insertion loss and minimal crosstalk.

Impact of bladder size and shape on the accuracy of formula method for bladder volume evaluation.

To explore the impact of bladder size and shape on the accuracy of the formula method (V = 0.52 × d1 × d2 × d3) for bladder volume evaluation. Data was retrospectively collected from 220 patients without reportable bladder diseases. CT images were imported into 3D Slicer software to measure the bladder volume VA (reference standards). Bladder volume was also measured by the formula method VB = 0.52 × d1 × d2 × d3. Results of these two methods were compared based on bladder size and shape. The bldder volume was 121.0 ± 83.6 mL with the formula method, compared with 128.5 ± 82.6 mL measured by 3D Slicer (P < 0.0001). Patients were divided into three groups based on bladder size, the mean percent deviations between the two methods were 18.8 ± 20.8%, 3.4 ± 12.9% and 4.6 ± 10.6%, respectively. According to the bladder shape, it can be divided into 5 types. For round and triangle shapes, there was no significant statistical difference in the results of the two methods. For bladder shapes with ellipse, rectangle and irregular shape, the volume evaluated by the formula method was statistically lower. Their deviations were 9.7 ± 17.5%, 12.9 ± 9.6% and 14.4 ± 21.2%, respectively. The accuracy of the formula method for estimating bladder volume is affected by bladder size and shape. Overall, the formula method tends to underestimate the bladder volume. The error of small-sized bladders is much greater than that of large-sized bladders. Furthermore, the formula method has high accuracy in measuring bladder volume with round and triangle shapes.

Dynamic analysis of multi-module floating photovoltaic platforms with composite mooring system by considering tidal variation and platform configuration

Dynamic analysis of multi-module floating photovoltaic platforms with composite mooring system by considering tidal variation and platform configuration

A comprehensive study on the effects of annular protrusion for cavitation intensification in Venturi tubes

A comprehensive study on the effects of annular protrusion for cavitation intensification in Venturi tubes

Magnetic carbon nanotube sorbents with macropores formed by salts for oily wastewater treatment

Magnetic carbon nanotube sorbents with macropores formed by salts for oily wastewater treatment

Melting performance improvement of phase change materials with thermal energy storage unit using nanoparticles

Melting performance improvement of phase change materials with thermal energy storage unit using nanoparticles

Investigation on the effect of the relative position between fracture and injection-production well on thermal extraction performance

Investigation on the effect of the relative position between fracture and injection-production well on thermal extraction performance

The Effects of Packaging Color and Product Shape on Customer’s Willingness to Buy Chocolates

This study aims to test the effects of two important product visual cues (i.e., packaging color and product shape) on customers’ willingness to buy chocolates in Pakistan. For this purpose, an online experiment-based survey was conducted in Pakistan, which provided 136 usable customer responses. The results suggest customers’ higher willingness to buy chocolates in red or purple color packaging (as compared to yellow color packaging) and in rectangle shape (as compared to round or triangle shape chocolates). In this way, this study extends the available literature on the effects of visual cues of product (i.e., chocolate) on customers willingness to buy, by providing evidence from an emerging market (i.e., Pakistan). Some important managerial implications and limitations of this study appear at the end of this paper.

Performance analysis and effect of various material fin-perforations in a plate-finned heat exchanger

Finding increasingly efficient heat exchangers requires a critical task: the development of fin profiles for prolonged life of equipment. The present study uses numerical analysis for better plate-finned heat exchangers hydraulic and thermal performance. Fin patterns are used in the analysis to evaluate a four-tube in-line heat exchanger. The proposed approach involves use of simulation and numerical methods to solve the heat transfer problem on different materials and wind velocity data as boundary conditions for improved heat transfer. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model will be used to correct the average turbulent air flow over finned tubes in three dimensions using the ANSYS-Fluent software. The evaluation plan compares the current findings with published Nusselt number empirical correlations for the justification. Finally, the presentation of a parametric study on the impact of fin perforation size and shape on different materials and the behaviour of fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Larger fin perforation sizes (circular, rectangle, rhombus, and ellipse shapes) are found to enhance the heat exchangers' overall PEC and thermal efficiency for sustainability of the thermal equipment. The comparison was made between non-perforated and perforated fin types. Ultimately, it was determined that the best option for plate fin heat exchangers is the circular type perforated fin. When compared to without perforated fins, the circular type perforated fin has a higher heat transfer coefficient. A circular perforated fin has high performance, and the rhombus type perforated fin has lower performance.

Systematic comparisons of preparative protocols to generate various types of stone-related crystals for in vitro study of renal calculi

Systematic comparisons of preparative protocols to generate various types of stone-related crystals for in vitro study of renal calculi

Investigation of the MHD Effect on Multiphase Flow Through a Rectangle Shape Curve Duct in a Porous Medium

Investigation of the MHD Effect on Multiphase Flow Through a Rectangle Shape Curve Duct in a Porous Medium

Miskonsepsi Siswa SMP Dalam Memahami Ciri-ciri Bangun Segi Empat

In this study, this qualitative research aimed to describe the misconceptions students of junior high school in understanding characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure. The misconceptions instrument were administered to three students in 8th grade of junior high school. Students understanding were analyzed by misconceptions test with CRI (Certainty of Response Index) method with interviews. The misconceptions in understanding the characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure (trapezoid and parallelogram) were the main result of this study. Students showed the same misconceptions in understanding the characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure. The first, Students assumed the diagonal trapezoid isosceles is the only a pairs of same length segment. The second, students only known the parallelogram and rectangle shape are in the regular quadrilateral shape (if the parallelogram and rectangle has different position or irregular shape then it is no called a quadrilateral). In particular, the results indicated that the students had misconceptions in understanding characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure. The misconception occurs because the ability of student understanding is low or incomplete. So, the teacher should gave more problem and images for understanding the characteristics of plane figure.

Estimate the Self-Adhesive Resin Effect on the Bonding Strength in a New Technique for Artificial Scleral Construction

Background. The Eye is the most noticeable features of the person face, the causes of ocular trouble may be congenital anomaly or acquired, Prosthetic rehabilitation attempts to restore these disfigurements to improve esthetic, function and psychic statue of the patient. Objective of this in vitro study were to estimate the effect using of various resin cements on the shear bond strength between (Heat Clear Acrylic Resin with Heat Clear Acrylic Resin) and (Heat Clear Acrylic Resin with E-max Heat Press Veneer) for construction of artificial scleral as a new technique. Material and Methods Clear heat cure acrylic resin and Lithium disilicate ceramic ingots (IPS E-max Heat Press Veneer) using for construction samplesstudy, total number are (50) samples rectangle shape for shearbond strength test and using two types of adhesives theconventional Glass ionomer cement and Breeze self -adhesiveresin cement for linked process. Results. One-way ANOVAtest was used to analyze the results, there was a highstatistically significant difference between the groups.Conclusion the use of E-max heat press as a new techniquefor construction of artificial scleral provide acceptable shearbond strength when using Breeze self- adhesive resin.

Numerical Study of Dig Sequence Effects during Large-Scale Excavation

The appropriate excavation sequence can improve the overall stability of a foundation pit. In this study, eight schemes were created using FLAC3D to examine the impact of the excavation sequence on a foundation pit by analyzing a deep foundation pit in Nanjing, which had an irregular large rectangle shape. The results show that different excavation sequence schemes and different phases of the foundation pit can change the displacement values and the horizontal displacement type. The min–max normalization method was used to score the schemes in terms of six parameters and confirm the best excavation sequence scheme. In addition, the irregular shape of the foundation pit also leads to local differences in the stability of a foundation pit; the wide end is only slightly longer than the narrow end, but its displacement is significantly higher than that of the narrow end, so attention should be paid to reinforcing the weak parts when carrying out the support. This study can inform the selection of the excavation sequence for actual construction processes.

Magic and Metamodernism

Magic and Metamodernism

Geometrical Motifs in Bharatanatyam

Artists expresses their emotions and feelings through geometrical shapes which is one of the best way to express their notions. Calmness is represented by the shape circle whereas anxiety and distress are represented by the shape square. Artists use geometrical shapes in their art to suggest balance and order. Artists show geometrical shapes in order to illustrate or emote the illusion of realism. Geometry is one of the easiest way to see the relations of mathematical concepts to dance. Since dancers form shapes with their body, arms, legs as they move while dancing. They form beautiful shapes of tessellations by moving all around the stage. Dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way through music with in a specific space. The changing of shapes are to demonstrate an act, a feeling or an idea. In group dance choreography often includes geometric shapes like triangle, rectangle and circular shapes using their whole body or hands or legs. Dance uses mathematics like Algebra,pattern of 2 D, 3D shapes which fit perfectly together without any gaps, repeated patterns, sequences and disparity. Dance uses numbers, counting beats in the form of jathis, rhythmic syllables like takita, tatikinatom, Intonation, syncopated time patterns and rhythmic structures.

Extension of Simple and Accurate Inductance Estimation for Rectangular Planar Windings

This paper proposes a method to generalize the equations estimating the inductance of square-shape planar windings to rectangle shape. This is done by utilizing the optimal <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math></inline-formula> -norm of the Generalized Mean Value or Power Mean (PM). Three well-established equations with verified accuracy are examined, namely Wheeler's, Rosa's, and the Monomial, which by definition consider only regular polygons. One critical parameter of the original equations is the outer-side length of the winding, which for the rectangle case, can be substituted by the PM of the two outer-side lengths, without the need for any further modifications. A methodology to select the optimal <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math></inline-formula> -norm for the PM is presented in terms of achieving the best accuracy for this estimation. The selection of the optimal <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math></inline-formula> is based on results from datasets containing more than 2600 simulations of different rectangle-shaped windings. Finally, the estimation accuracy is verified by laboratory measurements for a selection of planar inductors.

Mobile application development for estimation of permissible load on shallow and deep foundation using SPT data

The present study demonstrates the development of an Android Application that aims to calculate the allowable bearing pressure for shallow foundations and safe load on pile foundations using the SPT data. The application was built using Android Studio 2020, utilizing XML for the User Interface and Java for the coding. The application offers support for various foundation types, including strip, square, rectangle, and circular shapes for shallow foundations and circular shape for pile foundations. The in-situ SPT data entered by the user was corrected and then processed to calculate soil properties. Subsequently, the bearing pressure for shallow foundation and safe load on the pile was computed adhering to relevant codes. The developed application was verified by comparing the results with already solved examples in the literature. The developed application may be considered under Intelligence in Geotechnics. The created application will be helpful for field engineers to estimate soil parameters and allowable bearing pressure on-site quickly. As a result, it decreases the amount of time and effort necessary for design and thus eliminates the need to refer to tables, codes, and consultants.