Recreational Research Articles

Behavioral Conflicts in Urban Greenway Recreation: A Case Study of the “Three Rivers and One Mountain” Greenway in Xi’an, China

The current greenway systems in China are relatively homogenous, whereas recreational groups and their needs are highly diverse. This discrepancy has resulted in increasingly severe behavioral conflicts during greenway recreation. However, scholarly research on behavioral conflicts in greenway recreational activities is lacking. Recreationists’ perceptions of conflict negatively impact their evaluation of the recreational experience, thereby limiting the ecological and recreational benefits of greenways. Therefore, it is crucial to categorize these conflicts, understand their formation mechanisms, and identify influencing factors, so as to put forward targeted management strategies for greenway construction. This study selected urban segments of greenways along the Wei and Feng rivers in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. Field observation, semi-structured interviews, and NVivo 12 three-level coding were used to investigate and analyze the main types of behavioral conflicts perceived by various recreational groups on urban greenways and the factors influencing these perceptions. The results indicate that the primary types of behavioral conflicts are danger perception, space occupancy, environmental damage, and noise disturbance. Younger groups, highly educated individuals, local residents, and those with exercise as their primary recreational purpose are more likely to perceive conflicts. In addition, recreationists also focus on the completeness of greenway infrastructure, the richness of green landscapes, and the adequacy of behavior management. These findings can help greenway managers and planners understand the perception of recreational conflicts, enabling the formulation of targeted design strategies and management measures to mitigate these conflicts in urban greenway recreation.

Social relationships and their association with the functional capacity of older Chilean adults: longitudinal evidence

BackgroundFunctional capacity is recognized as a central factor for health in old age and not all studies that seek to clarify the role of social relationships in functional capacity are conclusive. The subject has only been studied in a limited way in Latin America, a region that is aging prematurely, with evidence primarily from developed countries, which have experienced a more gradual aging of their population. This longitudinal study aimed to determine how aspects of social relationships impact the functionality of older Chileans.MethodologyWe conducted a cohort study of 2,265 people aged 60 years or older who lived in the community and resided in Greater Santiago, Chile. Five aspects of social relationships were considered at baseline (participation in groups, clubs, or organizations; number of people in the household; participation in recreational activities; perception of material support, help or advice, and marital status), from which a cluster analysis by conglomerate was performed and used as the exposure of interest. Functional limitation (FL) was the dependent variable, classified as a limitation in at least 1 basic activity of daily living or 1 instrumental activity or 2 advanced activities. The control variables considered were: sex, age, educational level, multimorbidity, depression and years of follow-up. Survival analyses using a Cox proportional hazard regression and multilevel logistic regressions (person level and follow-up wave level) were performed.ResultsThe identified clusters were four: “without social participation and does not live alone”; “without a partner and without social participation”; “no perception of support and no social participation”; “with participation, partner and perception of support”. Social relationship clusters predicted FL incidence and FL reporting during follow-up. Being in the clusters "without social participation and does not live alone" and "without partner and without social participation" were risk factors for incident FL and report of FL during follow-up, compared to being in the reference cluster "with participation, partner and perception of support.ConclusionsIn summary, our study showed that participating in social organizations, not living alone and having a partner are protective factors for presenting and developing functional limitation in old age for community-living Chileans in an urban area.

Supplementary Student Support Services for a Blended Learning Environment: A PANT model

Objective: To explore the expectations of the medical students regarding the support services in the blended learning environment. Methodology: the qualitative exploratory study was conducted at four institutes where blended learning was adopted during the covid-19 Pandemic. The participants were selected through convenience sampling while both male and female students from second-year MBBS to final year MBBS were included. Five Focus Group discussions were conducted with ten students in each group. The discussion was recorded and written by a note-taker. The recorded data was transcribed. Thematic data analysis was done manually. Results: Themes were encapsulated under four main categories based on commonalities across the observations. In Psychological support, the themes were personalized support for teachers and learners, social support, supportive strategies, e-mentoring, and professional therapy. For academic Support the themes identified were the identification and division of course for both face and online, more student centered online session, on campus skill labs role of teachers in teaching and learning, modified assessment methods, the company of peers for motivation, and the role of parents and family. In Non-academic Support, the themes were online recreational activities, online gaming gadgets, and support for differently-abled students. In Technological Support the themes identified were online interface for teaching, use of social media group for sharing, training of senior teachers and students in information technology, and accessible digital e-resources. Conclusion: Students need additional support while learning in a blended program which is reflected by their demands to include support in four main categories. The study highlighted the role of peers for online discussions sessions along with family support for a personalized space to study. E-resources must be provided while proper technological assistance is mandatory for smooth learning journey. Furthermore, need for psychological support was also emphasized.

Un filo d’oro con Vicenza: l’Ente Vicentini nel Mondo e i suoi circoli all’estero

This article aims to reconstruct the history of the Ente Vicentini nel Mondo and its clubs abroad. Founded in March 1966, the association represented – and still seeks to represent – an important reference point for thousands of emigrants from Vicenza and its province. The contribution especially dwells on the analysis of the circles around the world. Firstly, it describes the motivations behind their establishment; secondly, it examines their assistance, recreational and cultural activities through the study of three model circles (Buenos Aires, Mondelange, Melbourne); thirdly, it considers the issues they have faced over the last years and how those have led to an evolution in the association’s identity.

Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis

Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis

Evolution of Lyme Borreliosis Epidemiology in Primary Care and Hospital Settings in France During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Lyme borreliosis (LB) remains a public health concern in France despite improved patient management and medical care. Stay-at-home restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected participation in outdoor recreational activities and disrupted access to health care services, may have impacted the risk of developing LB. Methods: We analyzed data from two general practitioner networks in France (Sentinel Network and an electronic medical records database [EMR]) and the national hospital discharge database to describe LB epidemiology in 2020-2021 and compare it to previous years. Google Trends' search volume was used to evaluate the association between the population's interest in LB and the evolving epidemiology. Results: Annual LB incidence rates in primary care decreased from 104 cases/100,000 population in 2018 to 71/100,000 in 2021 and from 82/100,000 to 60/100,000 according to Sentinel Network and EMR, respectively. Google Trends' search volume for "Lyme" followed a similar trend, one year earlier. Annual hospitalizations were stable from 2012-2019 (1.6/100,000 on average) and declined to 1.3/100,000 in 2020 and 1.1/100,000 in 2021. This decline was observed primarily in adults (e.g., 3.4/100,000 in 2017-2019 to 1.8/100,000 in 2020-2021 for 70-79 years of age). Changes in regional incidence rates in primary care from 2017-2019 to 2020-2021 ranged from -75% to 208%. Hospitalizations decreased in all regions except in Bretagne. Conclusions: The estimated LB incidence decreased in 2020 and 2021 compared with previous years but this change may not be related to COVID-19. The incidence decrease observed in primary care could result from reduced population interest in LB, leading to lower care-seeking behavior. The decrease in LB hospitalizations may be explained by changes in clinical practice. Surveillance systems are critical to understand the evolution of LB epidemiology. However, external factors impacting incidence estimates should be considered.

Restored Behaviour and the Formation of Ethnic Identity: Critiquing the Rai Youths’ Sakela

This paper examines four YouTube videos on Sakela, a dance performance of the Rai community, in two major contexts: enormous shifts and deviations in the performances of youths and the signature of unique ethnic identity. Sakela in its primitive art form of Rai culture has a ritual connection with the transcendent forces for human health and agriculture. However, there have been many deviations and changes in its highly contextualized aesthetic manifestations like festive performances, ceremonial presentations, recreational activities, political demonstrations or urban, and diasporic discourses. Against this backdrop, the paper addresses the primary questions of why these performances recur in different forms and what role the restoration of behaviour plays in forming the ethnic identity. The study approaches these questions with the objectives of analyzing the restored behaviour in the Rai youths’ Sakela and identifying the performances as preserving the signature of ethnic identity. The examination of primary data in the qualitative study includes the analysis of selected YouTube video contents comprising Sakela performances, using the content analysis method. Primary data are selected to quantify the phenomena of Rai youths’ restored behaviours in Sakela dance, their cultural meanings, and their relationships to ethnic identity. To validate the collected data, the study draws theoretical insights from Richard Schechner’s theory of restored behaviour. Schechner's theory promulgates that people are always performing anew out of old in a continual rehearsal. The behaviour is replicated and thus performances gradually emerge. Such behaviors ranging from small gestures to ritualistic performances become part of lives but they are no longer sticking to the original source. Pursuant to this conceptual framework, the paper argues that Rai youths’ Sakela demonstrates the signs of restored behaviour, the symbolic and coded aspects of their culture. It also posits that embodied ethnic traits evident in the performance ensure the persistence of membership in their community. Thus, Sakela continues to be the signature of ethnic belief system and unique identity in the lives of Rai youths. In all its aspects of the repetition of never the same, the embodiment of ethnic identity keeps on sticking to youths’ Sakela.

FORMATION OF COMPETENCE OF FITNESS AND RECREATION SPECIALISTS IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The relevance of the study is the challenges of the fitness industry in recent times. Having suffered significant losses due to quarantine restrictions and the continuation of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, priority directions for the development of fitness and recreation were determined. These vectors require interested organizations and heads of higher education institutions of physical culture and health profile to take into account the modern demand of the population for fitness and recreational services and to contribute to the development of a system of training relevant personnel. The purpose of this work is to study the state and modern requirements for the training of fitness and recreation specialists in higher education institutions. Methods: theoretical analysis of literary sources, questionnaires, pedagogical observations, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. According to the results of the study, regarding the determination of the professional training of masters of the Institute of Health Care, it was possible to state that only in 9.43 % of respondents found a basic level of fitness skills, 13.2 % of higher education graduates have a threshold level, and 77.37 % have not developed clear abilities for professional growth, which does not allow them to effectively carry out fitness and recreational activities. According to the results of a survey of fitness clubs administrations in Rivne and Vinnytsia, the categories of specialists that are most needed in the fitness industry today are determined:51 % are fitness trainers, 22 % – service sales manager, 21 % – marketers, 6 % are administrators. As a result, it was possible to establish that the respondents give preference to a specialist with an educational and qualification level when selecting personnel: specialist junior bachelor – 24 %, bachelor – 33 %, master’s degree – 36 %, 7 % believe that the level of education is not important. In addition, the majority of respondents give preference to specialists with up to 3 years of work experience – 16 %, from 3 to 5 years – 60 %, over 10 years – 24 %. Based on the analysis of the state of training of fitness and recreation specialists, we have proposed a technology for the formation of fitness and recreation competence in future specialists. Conclusions: the state and requirements for quality training of fitness and recreation specialists to satisfy the requests of service consumers are determined.

Poor Eating Habits and Low Physical Activity Contribute to Weight Excess and Increase Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents Practicing Soccer as a Recreational Sport.

Monitoring anthropometry, dietary intake, and physical activity (PA) is essential to prevent/counteract childhood obesity. This study examined dietary intake, PA, and anthropometric characteristics in young boys practicing soccer as a recreational sport. A cross-sectional study included 226 boys aged 8 to 13 years participating in soccer as a recreational activity in football academies located in Tunis, Tunisia. Anthropometric measures allowed the calculation of body mass index, fat mass, and peak height velocity as markers of biological maturity. A three-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire estimated nutrient intake and eating habits. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to estimate the PA level of the participants. It was found that a high percentage of the children had excess weight (54%) and excess fat mass (47%). The total energy, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake of the children exceeded the recommended levels by approximately 10%, 15%, and 30%, respectively. However, the intake of unsaturated fat was below the estimated requirements, particularly in obese children. In addition to the unbalanced macronutrient intake, the children also showed an insufficient intake of many essential micronutrients. Around 60% to 70% of the children in all three groups had a low intake of magnesium, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and vitamins B9, B12, and D. Moreover, 20% to 35% of the children in the three groups had an insufficient intake of vitamins A and C. Insufficient vitamin E intake was found in 63% of obese children and 35% of non-obese children. It was observed that the PA level was lower in the overweight/obese group compared to the normal-weight group (p < 0.005). More than three-quarters of overweight/obese children had low PA levels, about 20% were moderately active, and only 1 to 2% were highly active. Conversely, normal-weight children showed moderate to high PA levels. Poor eating behavior, an unbalanced diet, and a low PA level are prevalent in Tunisian boys practicing recreational sports. Such a combination is responsible for a disparity between energy intake and expenditure, contributing to weight excess and increased cardiometabolic risk. The study findings provide meaningful information for practitioners and authorities on applying a balanced diet and adequate PA to prevent and fight against obesity and improve cardiometabolic health in youth.

Clinical Sports physiotherapy practice in India- it’s time to upgrade with technology and evidence based practice

In India, the job of a sports physiotherapist is very demanding because, due to the increased number of injuries in all sports, it is claimed that athletes require complete care to recover and prevent injuries. At present, the general population in India, looking to lead a healthy life, also participates in recreational sports activities. So sports physiotherapy is also recommended for the general population.After finishing their education, physiotherapists play a crucial and essential role in the recovery of sports players. Sports physiotherapists' main duties include handling on-field injuries, preventing injuries, treating injuries in the outpatient setting, helping patients recover from arthroscopic surgery, and travelling with sports teams or individuals for short or infrequently longer contract periods. This article summarize the suggestions and solutions to improve the standards of sports physiotherapy practice in india.

View Preferences and Tourism Attraction Resources at Mangrove Guraping Tourism Objects, North Oba District, Tidore City, North Maluku Province

Mangrove forest tourism is a form of tourism activity by traveling around the mangrove forest area and enjoying all the uniqueness contained in it. The choice of a tourist location as a tourist destination is greatly influenced by tourist preferences and ecotourism resources are closely related to attractiveness. Elements of attraction include natural beauty, the abundance of prominent resources, the uniqueness of natural resources, the integrity of natural resources, the choice of recreational activities, and the diversity of natural resources. The aims of this research are: determining tourist view preferences and determining tourist attraction resources at the Guraping mangrove ecotourism object, North Oba District, Tidore Islands City. The data collection process includes field observations, distributing questionnaires, interviews, tourist view preferences and potential tourism resources. The research results showed that the preference for tourist views of the Guraping mangrove tourist attraction was that the mangrove forest landscape obtained the highest SBE value, while the village landscape obtained the lowest SBE value. Potential ecotourism attraction resources that can be developed include mangrove forests with fauna/diversity, bays and beaches, fish ponds and villages with social culture.

Prevalence and trends in overactive bladder among men in the United States, 2005–2020

The purpose of present study was to examine the current prevalence and recent trends of overactive bladder (OAB) among US adult men and examine the correlations between OAB and several potential risk factors. The study used the nationally representative data between 2005 and 2020 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US. A total of 18,386 participants aged ≥ 20 years were included in the study. We divided the data into three groups: 2005–2008, 2009–2014 and 2015–2020 to investigate the trends in OAB prevalence. The weighted prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of OAB were calculated. The differences (95% CI) in prevalence between the surveys were calculated and multivariate-adjusted weighted logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlates of OAB. Among all US adult men, the overall prevalence of OAB increased slightly from 11.3% in 2005–2008 to 11.7% in 2009–2014 and significantly increased to 14.5% in 2015–2020 (difference, 3.2% [95% CI (1.9–4.4%)]; P < 0.05). Increases in OAB prevalence especially concentrated on those who were 40–59 years, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and those who were overweight and obese. Older age, non-Hispanic Black, lower educational level and family poverty ratio, diabetes, depression, sleep disorder, other chronic comorbidities, less intense recreational activity, poorer health condition and unsafe food were independent risk factors of OAB. The contemporary prevalence of OAB was high, affecting 14.5% US men and the estimated overall prevalence significantly increased from 2005 to 2020. Therefore, future research should be focused to prevent and remedy this growing socioeconomic and individually troublesome malady.

CIMORY DAIRY LAND PRIGEN TOURIST DESTINATION WITH LEISURE PARK CONCEPT IN CATTLE FARMING IN PASURUAN

Cimory Dairy Land Prigen, located in Pasuruan Regency, East Java, carries the concept of a leisure park with a focus on cattle farming. This concept attracts various groups, ranging from families to tourists who are interested in the milk production process and farm life. This study aims to examine the application of the leisure park concept in Cimory Dairy Land Prigen, as well as its impact on visitor education and the local economy. This research also aims to identify development strategies that can increase the attractiveness and benefits of this destination. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. Interviews were conducted with managers, staff, and visitors, while observations were made to understand visitor interactions with existing facilities. Data were analyzed through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing to provide a comprehensive picture of the implementation of the leisure park concept in Cimory Dairy Land Prigen. The results showed that Cimory Dairy Land Prigen successfully implemented the leisure park concept well. This destination offers various educational and recreational activities such as farm tours, milking, and interaction with farm animals. Adequate infrastructure and supporting facilities such as restaurants and souvenir shops add to the convenience of visitors. The positive impact on the local economy is also evident from the support for micro, small and medium enterprises around the tourism area.

A Utilização do Lúdico nas Aulas de Educação Física Escolar

This article aims to analyze the importance of using playfulness in school Physical Education classes, highlighting its benefits for the integral development of students. The qualitative bibliographic research carried out reveals that playfulness, through games, play and recreational activities, can contribute to the motor, cognitive, affective and social development of students. Playfulness, as an inherent element of childhood and adolescence, allows children and young people to explore the world, develop skills, build social relationships and learn to deal with their emotions. In school PE, playfulness can be used as a pedagogical tool to make classes more attractive, motivating and meaningful for students, promoting the development of motor, cognitive, affective and social skills. Furthermore, playfulness can make classes more attractive and motivating, increasing students’ interest and participation. The article also discusses the challenges of implementing playfulness in Physical Education classes, such as lack of time, resources and teacher training. Finally, suggestions are presented for playful activities that can be applied in different school contexts, aiming to stimulate creativity, cooperation and pleasure in the practice of physical activities.

From thrill seekers to social creatures: dimensions of curiosity differentially predict video game preferences and behaviours

ABSTRACT Research has shown that curiosity leads to improved performance in formal activities (e.g. school and work). However, there is an underappreciation of the motivating role that curiosity plays in more recreational activities, such as video gaming. Moreover, curiosity has historically been conceptualised in various ways, presenting a challenge when choosing a measure of curiosity. Using an updated curiosity framework (Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale Revised), this study investigated how six dimensions of curiosity predicted video gaming behaviours, including play time and structural characteristics of video games (i.e. features of games that players enjoy, such as good graphics). The sample comprised 398 self-identified video gamers (50.30% males) from Malaysia and the Philippines, with a mean age of 37.30 (SD = 12.05). Confirmatory multiple regression analyses revealed that, of the six dimensions of curiosity, thrill-seeking predicted overall time spent playing video games, while joyous exploration predicted enjoyment of rewarding and punishing features. Overt social curiosity predicted enjoyment of social features in video games, but covert social curiosity did not. Other associations between dimensions of curiosity and structural characteristics of games were observed in exploratory analyses. Our findings offer insights into aspects of games that individuals enjoy based on the dimensions of curiosity.

Don't go chasing waterfalls: the phenology of Amblyomma americanum and increased collection of medically relevant ticks further away from hiking trails in the Piedmont of North Carolina, USA.

Hiking is a popular recreational activity in North Carolina that may expose people to ticks and tick-borne pathogens. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how ticks are distributed on and near trails. Our study tested the hypothesis that ticks are more likely to be encountered when moving further away from trails by measuring differences in relative abundance at various distances. We tested 4 distances (middle of trail, edge of trail, 5 m, 20 m), as well as an on-trail and off-trail grouping. We collected significantly more ticks and ticks were more likely to be collected at our 20 m and 5 m sampling distances rather than directly on or adjacent to trails, and significantly more were collected during off-trail collections than on-trails. When looking only at Amblyomma americanum, post hoc comparisons revealed that significantly more juvenile stages were collected at 5 m and 20 m distances, but not for adults. Our monthly sampling also allowed us to describe the phenology of A. americanum in North Carolina, which is consistent with the phenology of this species in the southeastern United States with adults peaking May-Jun, nymphs Jun-Jul, and larvae in Jul-Aug. These results generally demonstrate the importance of utilizing established trails when hiking to decrease tick-borne disease risk and should be communicated to the public as a recommendation for reducing tick-encounter risk.

Incorporation of human-wildlife interactions in ecosystem-based management to enhance conservation of endangered guitarfish.

Growing human use of the marine environment increases the proximity of humans to marine wildlife and thus likely increases human-wildlife interactions. Such interactions influence perceptions of nature and promote or undermine conservation. Despite their importance, human-wildlife interactions are rarely considered in ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP). Ideally, these interactions should be identified and considered in ecosystem-based management (EBM), which is often purported to be the basis for MSP. We used Marxan software and data from a citizen science project documenting location, species, age, sex, and activity type to identify regions along Israel's coast with a high probability of encounters between people and 2 species of guitarfish. We considered the geographic distribution of these encounters and the various activities undertaken by the reporting observers. We ran 4 scenarios in Marxan. Two had conservation goals of 30% and 50% guitarfish habitat protection. In the third and fourth scenarios, we added a 50% conservation goal of human leisure activities to each guitarfish conservation goal. We also conducted a gap analysis between our guitarfish conservation goals and the Israel Nature and Parks Authority's master plan for marine protected areas. We found the park authority was close to meeting the 30% goal but was far from meeting the conservation goal of 50% of guitarfish habitat conservation. Different human uses were more likely to interact with different life stages of guitarfish, and different recreational activities occurred in different areas. Identifying areas of specific human use showed which activities should be addressed in conservation management decisions. Our addition of certain recreational uses to the model of habitat conservation showed how enhancing human dimensions in conservation planning can lead to more holistic ecosystem-based conservation necessary for effective marine planning.

Validation of formulae predicting stroke volume from arterial pressure: with particular emphasis on upright individuals in hot ambient conditions.

During heatwaves, it is important to monitor workers' cardiovascular health since 35% of those working in hot environments experience symptoms of heat strain. Wearable technology has been popularized for monitoring heart rate (HR) during recreational activities, but it can also be used to monitor occupational heat strain based on core and skin temperatures and HR. To our knowledge, no devices estimate the cardiovascular strain directly based on stroke volume (SV) or cardiac output (CO). In addition to the hardware, there are limitations regarding the lack of suitable algorithms that would provide such an index based on relevant physiological responses. The validation of the formulae already existing in literature was the principle aim of the present study. We monitored the cardiovascular responses of our participants to a supine and 60° head-up tilt at the same time each day. During the test, we measured blood pressure derived by finger photoplethysmography, which also provided beat-by-beat measures of SV and CO. Afterwards, we compared the SV derived from the photoplethysmography with the one calculated with the different equations that already exist in literature. The evaluation of the formulae was based on comparing the error of prediction. This residual analysis compared the sum of the squared residuals generated by each formula using the same data set. Our findings suggest that estimating SV with existing formulae is feasible, showing a good correlation and a relatively small bias. Thus, simply measuring workers' blood pressure during breaks could estimate their cardiac strain.

The “glass shoulder”: Patients’ lived experiences of a traumatic shoulder dislocation – A qualitative study

BackgroundAnterior shoulder dislocations have a high recurrence rate, often necessitating stabilizing surgery, with residual long-term fear of reinjury. ObjectivesTo explore patients’ experiences of anterior shoulder dislocations in relation to their lives, well-being, fear of reinjury, and future perspectives. DesignQualitative study. MethodsWe interviewed fourteen individuals (median age 27.5 yrs, range 21–40; two women) with traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocation within 5 years, with or without past stabilizing surgery. We analysed data using Interpretive Description. ResultsWe constructed three main themes. (1) Downward wellness spiral: The injury shattered their lives, influencing their self-identity and -confidence. Sleep disturbances added to stress levels, loss, depression and grief. The re-injury risk could lead to social isolation. (2) Out of arm's reach: Recurrences led to frustration as the prior surgery and rehabilitation appeared to have been unsuccessful, having to start again. Support from healthcare providers and whānau/family was crucial to regain trust in the body. (3) Obligatory compromise: Over time, some individuals accepted the re-injury risk, learnt to heed warning signals, or compromised by avoiding specific social and recreational activities, changing their sports or to other roles in their preferred sport, and adapting work-related and daily tasks. ConclusionParticipants described in-depth socio-emotional responses following shoulder dislocations. Most participants described an ongoing interplay between fear and confidence in their shoulder. Healthcare provider support and professional relationship, on-going shoulder-related strengthening, and risk mitigation strategies were important to facilitate and maintain confidence and self-efficacy, and to re-consider and adjust the participant's goals when needed.

Sustainable development of forest parks for active recreation: A balance between nature conservation and physical education

The study aims to comprehensively assess the negative impacts of various activities carried out by visitors to natural areas, including forest parks, on ecosystems. The research methodology included an analysis of forest park ecosystems Gotova-Dangel and Logara forest parks, monitoring ecosystem changes, which provided objective data on the impact of human activity. The study developed recommendations aimed at minimising the negative effects of these activities on the environment. The main results of the study demonstrated that walking leads to soil compaction, which in turn hurts water circulation and aeration of soil layers. This phenomenon can also cause damage to rare species of plants and trees that are vulnerable to changes in their natural environment. In addition, cycling causes soil erosion, which leads to the destruction of vegetation, which in turn negatively affects the environmental sustainability of the region. This can create conditions for the degradation of natural ecosystems and a decrease in biodiversity. Camping causes pollution of the area, including dumping garbage and other waste, which leads to a decrease in the number of animals living in forest environments, with serious consequences for the ecological balance and conservation of wildlife. The findings highlight the need to introduce clearly defined trails for pedestrian traffic, create specialised bicycle routes, and develop environmentally responsible camping practices. This will significantly reduce the negative impact on the forest ecosystem. The research is relevant for the conservation of biodiversity as well as for maintaining the ecological balance in forest parks, which is critical for the sustainable development of natural resources and the preservation of the environment for future generations