The study aims to improve the outcomes of surgical treatment for patients with colon and rectum pathology by using an enhanced recovery program. A retrospective, single-center, non-randomized analysis of the treatment results of 122 patients who underwent elective and emergency colon and rectal surgery was carried out. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group, which included 66 (54.1 %) patients who underwent enhanced recovery program-based surgery in 2020–2021, and the control group, which included 56 (45.9 %) patients who underwent conventional surgery in 2012–2015. The main criteria for comparing the performance were the post-surgery recovery time of the intestines’ functional activity, particularly the time of the peristalsis appearance, the gases output, and the first stool, the number and type of complications, as well as the duration of in-patient treatment. Clinical practice demonstrated significant improvements when using the enhanced recovery protocol for patients after colon and rectal surgeries: accelerated recovery of the intestines’ motor-evacuation function, reduction of the number and severity of post-surgical complications from 30.4 % to 9.1 %, resulting in a faster in-patient recovery from 16.3 ± 9.4 to 9.4 ± 4.2 days.