Vapor Recovery Research Articles

Thermodynamic model and elements of the theory of canister feed processes in the closed system of fuel vapour recovery of vehicles with hybrid power plants

Thermodynamic model and elements of the theory of canister feed processes in the closed system of fuel vapour recovery of vehicles with hybrid power plants

Utilizing a optimized method for evaluating vapor recovery equipment control efficiency and estimating evaporative VOC emissions from urban oil depots via an extensive survey

As an important intermediary between upstream refineries and downstream urban gas stations, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from urban oil depots were often disregarded, underestimating their environmental and health implications. An extensive investigation of urban depots' fuel composition and operational dynamics was conducted nationwide. We developed a novel approach that integrates theoretical models with easily measurable operational data from the depots to evaluate the efficiency of post-treatment devices in actual situations. Even in well-managed oil depots, the actual control efficiency of vapor recovery units fluctuates between 63 % and 85 %, depending on the concentration of hydrocarbon vapors in the intake of the device. The national emission factors for gasoline, diesel, and aviation kerosene at a national level were 6.64 ± 1.16, 2.07 ± 0.42, and 6.17 ± 1.05 tons per 10,000 tons, respectively. In 2019, China's urban oil depots emitted 165 thousand tons of VOC. Enhancing control strategies by optimizing the physical and chemical parameters of refined oil, improving storage capacity and turnover efficiency, and upgrading storage tanks had the potential to reduce emissions by more than 60 %. However, a 30 % failure rate in these systems could negate the benefits of these improved strategies.

Development of water vapor recovery membrane for efficient recycling system

Abstract In wastewater treatment at semiconductor plants separation operations are currently conducted mainly by distillation. Membrane distillation using ceramic surface-treated membranes is expected to provide more efficient separation. In this study, we investigated the improvement of acid resistance of surface-treated ceramic membranes by using four silicon alkoxides, Hexamethyldisiloxane(HMDS), Dimethyldimethoxysilane(DMDMOS), 3,3,3-Trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (TFPrTMOS), Tetramethoxysilane(TMOS) were used as surface treatment and it was performed in the gas phase. The water vapor permeance of the TFPrTMOS surface treated membrane was 2.35✕10−6 [mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1], and it maintained its functionality after immersion in a 10 wt% sulfuric acid solution under 60°C for 170 h. The membrane with multiple surface treatments with TFPrTMOS showed an increase in acid resistance to 491h, indicating that unreacted alkoxide affected the degradation. The water vapor permeance of the TFPrTMOS-DMDMOS treated membrane combined silicon alkoxides was 2.85✕10−6[mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1] and the acid resistance was 687 h. It is possible that DMDMOS acted as a cross-linker in modifying the unreacted alkoxide portion of the membrane, leading to improved resistance.

Assessing VOC emissions from different gas stations: impacts, variations, and modeling fluctuations of air pollutants

Gas stations distributed around densely populated areas are responsible for toxic pollutant emissions such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study aims to measure VOCs emission from three different kinds of gas stations to determine the extent of pollution from the gas stations and the most frequent type of VOC compound emitted. The concentrations of ambient VOCs at three refueling stations with a different type of fuels in Mashhad were monitored. The result of this study showed that CNG fuel stations are less polluting than petrol stations. In all the studied sites, the highest concentrations were related to xylene isomers, irrespective of the fuel type. Total VOCs at the supply of both compressed natural gas (CNG) and gasoline stations was 482.36 ± 563.45 µg m−3. At a CNG station and a gasoline station, total VOC concentrations were 1363.4 ± 1975 µg m−3 and 410.29 ± 483.37 µg m−3, respectively. The differences in concentrations of toluene and m,p-xylene between the fuel stations can be related to the quality and type of fuel, vapor recovery technology, fuel reserves, dripless nozzles, traffic density in these stations, meteorological conditions and the location of sampling sites. The combination of a sine function and a quadratic function could model the fluctuation behavior of air pollutants like m,p-xylene. In all the sites, the highest concentrations were related to xylene isomers, irrespective of the type of fuel. The changing rate of m,p-xylene pollutant in each station was also modeled in this study.

Bioethanol production from cassava fed-batch fermentation in pervaporation membrane bioreactor with permeate fractional condensation

A new type pervaporation membrane bioreactor was developed by coupling cassava-based fed-batch fermentation and pervaporation membrane separation technology for bioethanol production. Membrane separation slowed down broth accumulation rate and mitigated ethanol product inhibition. The fermentation time, average sugar consumption rate, ethanol production and ethanol productivity were 131h, 6.6 gL-1h-1, 149.4 gL-1 and 2.5 gL-1h-1, respectively. They were improved by 55.9 %, 73.2 %, 32.3 % and 49.7 %, respectively, compared to those of conventional fed-batch fermentation. The average membrane flux and separation factor were 711.3 gm-2h-1 and 6.5, respectively, with an ethanol concentration of 24.4 wt% in the permeate. Throughout fermentation, the total mass transfer coefficient remained constant at 9.6 × 10-6 ms-1, with the convection mass transfer coefficient decreasing as the broth viscosity increasing while the membrane mass transfer coefficient slightly increasing. A two-stage condensation downstream the membrane achieved fractional vapor recovery. The primary condensate with low ethanol concentration (1.6 wt%) can be used for cassava hydrolyzation, saving 14.0 % of water requirement. Recovering ethanol from the high-concentration (32.6 wt%) secondary condensate required lower energy (46 %) compared to direct recovery from the total permeate.

Development and evaluation of a hybrid membrane condenser for water recovery from cooling tower plume

Cooling towers discharge a tremendous amount of water vapor from industries into the atmosphere. Recovering this water will increase efficiency, contribute to water security and industrial sustainability. Thus, suitable technology is needed. This study investigates the feasibility of a microporous hydrophobic propylene membrane to recover water from an artificial humid gas, representing water vapor from a cooling tower. Water was used as a cooling medium in the permeate side of the membrane module. Experimental results showed that water vapor condensed on the surface of the membrane on the feed and the permeate sides. Thus, the membrane module worked as a conventional membrane condenser (MCo) and a transport membrane condenser (TMC) simultaneously, resulting in high water recovery, reaching up to four times that of the TMC mode alone. Key factors influencing rate of condensation and water recovery, such as feed velocity and cooling water temperature, are thoroughly investigated. As feed velocity increased, the rate of condensation also increased, but the water recovery decreased. Lowering the cooling water temperature increased the rate of condensation as well as the water recovery. The results show a maximum water recovery of 75 % under optimal conditions, highlighting the novel and improved performance of the proposed configuration for water vapor recovery from cooling tower plumes compared to previous MCo studies.

Feasibility study: Economic and technical analysis of optimal configuration and operation of a hybrid CSP/PV/wind power cogeneration system with energy storage

In this study, a hybrid photovoltaic-wind-concentrated solar power renewable energy system and two cogeneration models are proposed. Evaluation criteria are employed, including the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the loss of power supply probability (LPSP). The optimal configuration and dynamic dispatch strategy of the hybrid system are determined through multi-objective optimization using the natural resources of Xining City. The economic feasibility of the system is assessed through comparison and analysis. The findings reveal that both cogeneration modes of the system effectively meet the power output requirements and dynamic thermal load. In thermal energy storage tanks' heat production mode without a battery storage system, the system achieves a minimum LCOE of 0.0526$/kWh and a maximum LPSP of 6.86%. With a battery storage system in this mode, the system attains a minimum LPSP of 4.83% and a maximum LCOE of 0.160$/kWh. Additionally, in the turbine spent vapor recovery heat supply mode, the system exhibits an LCOE of 0.127$/kWh and an LPSP of 4.96%, the system has better flexibility and wind-solar complementarity in this mode. This study also analyzed the importance of affordable electric energy storage for stable energy supply in hybrid energy systems.

Numerical simulation and environmental impact assessment of oil vapor diffusion in surrounding residential areas before/after vapor recovery at petrol stations

ABSTRACT Oil vapor emitted during refueling process has caused serious issues of air pollution, especially the environmental impact in surrounding residential areas. Most petrol stations have installed oil vapor recovery systems, but some stations did not properly maintain or switch on them. With the increasing emphasis on ecological environmental protection, it is more crucial to investigate the internal mechanism of vapor-air mass transfer. In this study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed and verified to analyze the effects of wind speed, vehicles number, and residential layout on oil vapor diffusion in residential areas. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of oil vapor recovery was assessed by comparing contamination before and after recovery. Results indicate that wind speed greatly affects the area and location of excess emission areas (EEAs). As the wind speed increases from 2 m/s to 4 m/s, highest concentration, distance to buildings and width of EEAs decreases by 49.1%, 43.8%, and 33.3%, respectively, and EEAs disappear at the wind speed of 6 m/s. Vehicles number has a more significant effect on the symmetry of EEAs, and EEAs become gradually symmetrical as the number increases from 3 to 12. Further, the enclosure layout proves to be an effective layout for protecting residential air, with a minimum concentration of 0.18 mg/m3. Notably, the effectiveness of oil vapor recovery is remarkable, with a purification rate of 98.5%. These findings can offer a valuable guidance for controlling air pollution in residential areas and enhancing the environmental protection level of petroleum enterprises.

Energy-Efficient Design and Preliminary Validation of a Tertiary Oil Vapor Recovery System

Energy-Efficient Design and Preliminary Validation of a Tertiary Oil Vapor Recovery System

Feasibility Study of Implementing Vapor Recovery Unit (VRU) To Control Evaporation in Fuel Storage Tanks

The PT X Fuel Terminal stores, stocks, and distributes fuel before it is delivered to end users. Fuel evaporation happens when Pertamax fuel is stored in storage tanks with vacant space when the liquid level drops. Product shrinkage (losses) from working loss is a frequent issue at the PT X gasoline terminal and is manageable with a vapor recovery unit. The entire working loss was determined to be 0.15% of the Pertamax throughput using information on working loss and investment in Vapor Recovery Unit equipment. With the implementation of the Vapor Recovery Unit, Pertamax losses can be controlled by 95%. The calculation results show that the recovery of Pertamax losses increases from IDR 4,755,933,859 to IDR 12,713,598,714 annually. Furthermore, the annual cost of the Vapor Recovery Unit is IDR 1,348,832,832, with an investment of IDR 6,975,719,896.61. The economic feasibility of its implementation was evaluated through investment profitability, the results showed a positive net present value of IDR 25,255,745,786.25, an IRR of 57%, a PI of 4.62, and a payback period of 2 years, 5 months, and 15 days.

VOC Vapour Recovery Controls and Technology

VOC Vapour Recovery Controls and Technology

Case Study: A Novel Approach to Tankless Zero-Emission Crude Oil Production Facilities

_ The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and numerous states are introducing new emissions regulations which impact oil and gas producers. Additionally, under the pressure of stakeholders, the producers are committing themselves to decarbonize their operations. A large portion of these emissions occur at oilfield production sites. To eliminate these emissions, Pioneer Energy created a new type of skid‑mounted production facility. The technology was deployed on a pad in Weld County, Colorado, and demonstrated elimination of emissions, improved operational efficiency, and an increased crude yield of 11.3%. If adopted by the industry, this solution can dramatically reduce the emissions and carbon footprint of oil production. The Challenge There are five populated areas in the US that the EPA currently designates as Severe Ozone Nonattainment Zones. The Denver Metro and Front Range area, which also encompasses most of the Denver‑Julesburg (DJ) Basin, is one of these areas, and the EPA is currently working to include the Permian Basin as a sixth nonattainment zone. Oil and gas producers are actively seeking solutions to drill and produce wells while significantly reducing pad‑level emissions to achieve attainment. Strategies currently being employed include eliminating crude storage tanks, eliminating natural gas actuators, and consolidating processing from offset pads, each of which offer incremental improvements but do not address the whole problem. Current production facilities use passive means to separate the oil, gas, and water. This incomplete separation results in gas remaining in the crude, and when this gas leaves the crude, it results in fugitive emissions. The Solution To address this challenge, Pioneer Energy developed an active separation process called the Emission Control Treater (ECT) as seen in Fig. 1. The ECT receives wellhead fluid and uses a combination of heat and gravity in a closed‑ loop process to separate water, oil, and gas. The system sorts the hydrocarbons much more efficiently than traditional processes, resulting in crude which is completely stabilized, containing no flash gas. An additional benefit is that crude molecules that would be left in the gas instead remain in the crude, increasing its volume. By eliminating the flash gas, and through process electrification, pad emissions are eliminated. Pipeline-quality crude oil is output from the ECT and can be directed straight to the Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) unit or surge vessel if buffer capacity is needed for the crude midstream provider. The ECT is emissions‑free when run on grid power, contains no gas-venting actuators, and replaces nearly all existing production facility equipment, including high-low pressure separators (HLPs), vapor recovery units (VRUs), gas busters, vapor recovery towers (VRTs), and storage tanks. It is capable of bulk processing and when assembled in parallel with multiple skids, the ECT system can accommodate a wide range of production profiles.

RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL TESTS OF A CONDENSING VAPOR RECOVERY UNIT AT AN OFFSHORE OIL TERMINAL

An effective method of reducing vapor emissions of liquid hydrocarbons, creating safe operating conditions for facilities for loading oil products into vehicles is the use of vapor recovery units (VRU). Among the available types of VRU, condensing installations are distinguished, the operation of which is based on the difference in the condensation temperatures of air and petroleum product vapors. To the advantages of condensing VRU developers refer: 1) safety; 2) low hydraulic resistance; 3) production of condensate of high commercial quality; 4) the possibility of accounting for the captured product; 5) the absence of secondary contaminated waste; 6) the practical absence of the need to purchase and dispose of consumables.
 The article presents the results of tests of the condensing VRU, called the «Condensation and Dispersion Complex», during the gasoline shipment at one of the offshore oil terminals in the spring and summer period.
 During the condensating VRU tests, the average degree of purification efficiency of the gas-air mixture (GAM) from gasoline vapors is established, which is significantly lower than the suppliers of condensing VRU declare and is
 completely insufficient to solve environmental problems. The content of hydrocarbons in the GAM at the output of the VRU turned out to be several times higher than was stated by the developer.
 The reason for this negative result is insufficient deep cooling of the gas-air mixture. It has been initially chosen incorrectly, because it does not take into account the accumulated experience in the world of using condensating URPs. The lowest achieved GAM temperature is several degrees higher than the coolant temperature in the condenser heat exchangers, which indicates an incorrect choice of condensation criteria.
 The amount of gasoline that was captured during the loading of one tanker was determined, as well as the amount of hydrate inhibitor required for this and the electricity consumption. It is established that the consumption of consumables during the operation of the condensing URP, called the «Condensation and Dispersion Complex», is rather high. Therefore, the developers' statement about the absence of consumption by the installation of consumables is a marketing technique.

Study on heat transfer and water saving characteristics of a new cooling tower condensation module

Cooling towers generate large amounts of water loss during operation due to evaporation, drift and drainage and the air passing through the cooling tower is hot and humid and tends to mix with the cold and dry ambient air to form a visible white mist, resulting in poor heat transfer. In order to mitigate this effect, a new condensing module was developed and an experimental platform was set up to carry out numerical simulations and experimental studies on heat transfer, water saving and resistance characteristics. The results showed that the special structure of the new condensing module can effectively improve the heat transfer effect in the tower and reduce water losses and white mist at the top of the tower. At different flow rates, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the wet heat channel of the new condensing module is 12.26% higher than that of the conventional condensing module, and the water vapor recovery rate is 16.81% higher; at different temperature differences, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the wet heat channel of the new condensing module is 13.93% higher than that of the conventional condensing module, and the water vapor recovery rate is 15.45% higher. Therefore, the new condensation module provides a new method for cooling towers to improve heat transfer efficiency, as well as to remove mist and save water.

Preparation ofZIF‐8—Pebax 1657 nanocomposite membranes forn‐hexane/nitrogen separation as a representative of gasoline vapour recovery

AbstractGasoline vapour emission is hazardous to both human health and the ecosystem and also results in capital loss, altogether revealing the necessity of its recovery. Some ZIF‐8–Pebax flat nanocomposite membranes were fabricated by the method of solution casting and used for gasoline vapour recovery as represented byn‐hexane vapour/nitrogen separation. Microporous ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. BET results revealed specific surface area, total volume, and average pore diameter of 940.8 m2 · g−1, 0.36 cm3 · g−1, and 1.54 nm, respectively. Pure nitrogen andn‐hexane vapour/nitrogen gas mixture permeabilities were measured through the membranes. There was a decline in both permeation rate and selectivity up to 5.0 wt.% of ZIF‐8 loading and the next increment at their higher loadings to considerably more values that the pristine membrane. The maximumn‐hexane vapour permeability and selectivity at 10.0 wt.% loading of ZIF‐8 nanoparticles, the feed flow rate of 173 mL · min−1, and permeate side pressure of −200 mbar were observed as 280.1 Barrer and 106.7, respectively, revealing 60.0% and 36.9% improvements compared with those of the pristine Pebax membrane. Observed 86%–92%n‐hexane vapour recovery approves the successful application of the ZIF‐8–Pebax nanocomposite membranes forn‐hexane/nitrogen separation. The long‐term separation performance of 5.0 wt.% ZIF‐8 loaded nanocomposite membrane was improved by 76.5% compared with that of the pristine Pebax membrane.

Evaporative emission characteristics of VOCs from in-use light-duty gasoline vehicles

VOCs are an important precursor pollutant of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Vehicle evaporative emission is an essential source of VOCs in urban area, among which lack of localized tests of running loss process in China. This study tested all the evaporative emission processes of in-use light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs), including refueling, running loss, hot soak, and 48-h diurnal breathing loss (DBL) based on the variable temperature Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination (VT-SHED) of REU (China 4, China 5) vehicles and REC (China 6, with Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery system) vehicles. The emission factors (EFs), species profiles, Ozone formation potential (OFP), and SOA formation potential (SOAP) of all evaporative emission processes of REU and REC vehicles were obtained. We found that the running loss emissions was less affected by the Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) system, the average running loss EFs of REU and REC vehicles was 9.386 mg/km; refueling and DBL EFs of REC vehicles was 1.491 mg/L and 0.179 g/day, respectively, 99.8% and 56.0% lower than those of REU vehicles, the hot soak EFs was 0.087 g/h in average. The refueling emissions process was dominated by alkanes (REU: 77.8%; REC: 75.4%), and C4 and C5 species dominated (REU: 75.6%; REC: 67.6%). Among the running loss, hot soak and DBL emissions, alkanes, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics were the dominant VOCs groups, OVOCs account for a higher proportion in REC vehicles than in REU vehicles. REC vehicles had higher proportion of C1–C3 than REU vehicles, it may be that ORVR has a better adsorption effect on species with large carbon numbers. Running loss VOCs species had a strong correlation with hot soak VOCs species. The OFP of running loss in REU and REC vehicles were 0.9–1.3 and 0.3–0.7 times higher than those of refueling and 48-h DBL, while the SOAP were 10.7–12.9 and both 1.1 times higher, respectively. These findings can provide valuable basis for emission estimation and characteristic analysis for evaporative process of LDGVs and support the development of appropriate pollution-control policy.

Beetle-like structured microfibers for rapid water harvesting

Water harvesting in arid and semi-arid areas gains increasing attention, and harvesting water from the atmosphere are one of the effective ways to solve this problem. This work provides a structured microfiber coated with a beetle-like coating to obtain highly efficient water harvesting through self-induced drops jumping, drops sweeping and droplets collision. Then, the water collection efficiency of the beetle-like fiber is ∼4.7 times that of the lotus-like fiber and ∼4 times that of the initial fiber. Further more, the beetle-like harp structure exhibits a high water collection rate up to ∼2.6 × 104 g/m2/h, and the beetle-like network with a high water collection efficiency of ∼6.5 × 104 g/m2/h. These findings are considered instrumental in the further design and implementation of bionic microfiber for cost-efficient atmospheric water harvesting, industrial vapor recovery and seawater desalination, etc.

Influence of Different Refueling Temperatures and Refueling Rates on Refueling Emission

With the increase of automobiles on hand in China, automobile refueling emissions, as an important part of volatile organic compounds (VOC), have been paid more and more attention. Frequent refueling is related to the fuel vapor concentration and operation safety of the gas stations. Reducing refueling emissions can improve fuel vapor recovery efficiency and reduce fuel waste in gas stations. Therefore, the research on refueling emissions test began to attract attention. However, due to the long pre-processing time of the refueling test, the occupation of the laboratory, and the complicated operation of testers, most studies in China focus on the numerical simulation of a simplified refueling model or the impact analysis of refueling emission of the local fuel system, and there are fewer studies on refueling emission of the whole automobile. This paper aims to analyze the influence of automobile refueling emissions on the environment more scientifically and reduce the fuel vapor loss in refueling more reasonably. The influence of different refueling temperatures and refueling rates on the refueling emission of the whole automobile was investigated. The research showed that automobile refueling emissions increased with the refueling temperature increasing. When the refueling temperature increased to a certain extent, fuel splashing occurred in refueling. When the refueling temperatures are 10°C, 30°C, and 40°C, the refueling emissions of vehicles equipped with ORVR system are 0.92 times, 3.08 times, and 8.29 times than the standard refueling temperature (20°C). In actual refueling, it was recommended to adopt the refueling temperature of 20°C. The refueling emissions decreased first and then increased with the refueling rate. The refueling emissions with the increase in refueling rate were lower than that with the decrease in refueling rate. When the refueling rate is 7L/min, 27L/min, 47L/min, the refueling emissions of vehicles equipped with the ORVR system are 13 times, 1.25 times, and 1.75 times that of the standard refueling rate (37L/min). Too high a refueling rate could lead to fuel splashing; therefore, a refueling rate of 37 L/min was recommended. Compared with ordinary gasoline vehicles and gasoline vehicles equipped with the ORVR system, it can be seen that vehicles equipped with the ORVR system can reduce refueling emissions by 99%. According to an industry report, 12320.4386t gasoline can be saved throughout the year if all vehicles are installed with the ORVR system in 2017 in Yunnan province. It will save 39.3730t and 149.6174t gasoline, when the gas station chooses a refueling temperature of 20 °C throughout the year, compared with the refueling temperature of 30°C and 40°C. And using a refueling rate of 37 L/min can save 4.7248t and 14.1743t gasoline, compared with the refueling rates of 27 L/min and 47 L/min throughout the year. Therefore, it is recommended that China continue to promote the installation of the ORVR system. In the actual refueling process, it is recommended to choose a lower refueling temperature and slower refueling rates to save energy.

State of the Practice Worldwide: Complex Installation for In Situ Thermal Remediation Beneath an Active Manufacturing Facility

AbstractIn situ thermal remediation (ISTR) was used to treat a vadose‐zone source of trichloroethylene present at depths of 60 to 125 ft. below an occupied building at an active manufacturing facility. ISTR required innovative methods to install 135 steel casings from inside the building that included access limitations, space constraints that required angled borings and pre‐modeling of rig mast positions, control measures to manage exhaust from up to four drill rigs operating simultaneously, adjustments to heater wiring to limit temperatures in shallow soils leading to indoor air heating and potential for vapor intrusion, and ensure proper positioning and trajectory of closely spaced heaters. The installed heater casings were surveyed using a Devi‐Flex™ tool to monitor heater placement in casings that ranged from 87 to 196 ft. at angles between 90° and 30° from horizontal and periodically had to compensate for deflections caused by cobbles and boulders. Additional casings were installed to ensure adequate heater spacings in cases where deviations exceeded design parameters. ISTR was conducted using custom‐built thermal conduction heaters designed to minimize heat output in the shallow vadose zone and inside the building while temperatures in the lower vadose zone were maintained near boiling. Cables, vapor extraction pipes, and exhaust ducts were routed overhead and through the building roof to minimize disturbance to manufacturing operations. To expedite remediation, three groups of heaters and vapor recovery wells were installed and operated in overlapping periods. The major challenges and solutions for ISTR design, construction, and operation are presented. Operations and remedial results are covered in a companion paper.

Development of an integrated membrane condenser system with LNG cold energy for water recovery from humid flue gases in power plants

This paper investigates a detailed thermodynamic analysis of a modular-type membrane condenser system where a cooler or condenser is connected in series upstream of the membrane condenser module. A coolant circulates inside the cooler/condenser to cool down the industrial flue gas up to saturation conditions. The analysis covers water recovery rate and energy requirement for different combinations of flue gas humidity, flow rate, and temperature. Additionally, a case study is included which considers a practical industrial exhaust flue gas where the constituents of the flue gas with volumetric ratio and the feed parameters are referred from the literature. The case study investigated the utilization of cold energy obtained by LNG regasification facility as a cooling power source for the water vapor recovery process. A detailed heat transfer analysis based on the heat exchanger model is performed to determine the required mass flow rate of cooling water and natural gas. It is concluded that, the water self-sufficiency of a power plant can be achieved if the mass flow rate of the −50 °C natural gas which is entering the membrane condenser is kept around 0.3 kg s−1 for every 1 kg s−1 flow rate of the 168 °C flue gas.