Recovery Of Manganese Research Articles

Speciation of Mn(II), Mn(VII) and total manganese in water and food samples by coprecipitation–atomic absorption spectrometry combination

A speciation procedure based on the coprecipitation of manganese(II) with zirconium(IV) hydroxide has been developed for the investigation of levels of manganese species. The determination of manganese levels was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Total manganese was determined after the reduction of Mn(VII) to Mn(II) by ascorbic acid. The analytical parameters including pH, amount of zirconium(IV), sample volume, etc., were investigated for the quantitative recoveries of manganese(II). The effects of matrix ions were also examined. The recoveries for manganese(II) were in the range of 95–98%. Preconcentration factor was calculated as 50. The detection limit for the analyte ions based on 3 sigma ( n = 21) was 0.75 μg L −1 for Mn(II). The relative standard deviation was found to be lower than 7%. The validation of the presented procedure was performed by analysis of certified reference material having different matrices, NIST SRM 1515 (Apple Leaves) and NIST SRM 1568a (Rice Flour). The procedure was successfully applied to natural waters and food samples.

Acidic leaching and precipitation of zinc and manganese from spent battery powders using various reductants

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of reductive acidic leaching and further precipitation on the recovery of manganese and zinc from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon battery powders. Ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and oxalic acid (OA) were tested as the reductants. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide were used as precipitating agents. OA with H(2)SO(4) or HCl was not effective on the leaching of zinc due to the formation of zinc oxalate precipitates. However, the other reducing agents (CA and AA) tested under various experimental conditions were effective in the acidic leaching of both zinc and manganese. Leaching yields of both manganese and zinc were higher at leach temperature of 90 degrees C than those at 30 degrees C. Leach solutions were purified by the selective precipitation of manganese and zinc using KOH or NaOH. Complete precipitation was obtained for Mn at pH 9-10 and for Zn at pH 7-8. The use of ascorbic acid or citric acid as reductants in acidic leaching appears to be effective in the simultaneous leaching and further recovery of zinc and manganese from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon battery powders.

Recovery of manganese from zinc alkaline batteries by reductive acid leaching using carbohydrates as reductant

Acid leaching of manganese from the powders of exhausted zinc alkaline batteries has been studied using carbohydrates as reducing agents. A mono-saccharide (glucose) and a di-saccharide (lactose) have been tested, the second as a template of industrial wastes. Manganese leaching was complete in the presence of both carbohydrates, along with zinc. Data from the factorial test with lactose have been analysed with ANOVA. The most significant effects for manganese extraction were sulphuric acid concentration, temperature, and lactose concentration.

Recovery of manganese(II) by electrodialysis with liquid membranes based on di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid

Electrodialysis membrane extraction of manganese(II) from sulfuric acid solutions with liquid membranes containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and tri-n-octylamine in 1,2-dichloroethane was studied. The effect of the electrodialysis conditions and the composition of the organic phase and aqueous solutions on the transport rate of manganese(II) ions was examined. The conditions of quantitative recovery of the metal from a 0.01 M MnSO4 solution were determined.

Mineralization of copper, manganese and zinc from rock mineral flour and city waste compost for efficient use in organic farming

Restricted supply of micronutrients is a common constraint for plant growth worldwide, especially in organic farming systems where nutrients supply to crops mostly depends on the mineralization of native soil organic matter, decomposition of applied manures and crop residues. A laboratory incubation study was therefore conducted to investigate the potential release of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) from the rock mineral flour (RMF) and city waste compost (CWC) as compared to inorganic micronutrient fertilizers for 140 days. Release of the micronutrients from RMF and CWC showed different trends. The results showed that about 4.6% of Cu added as RMF was released irrespective of the quantity of the RMF applied. However, Cu release from CWC increased from 0.7 to 3.5% as the amount of compost added was increased. Copper recovery from copper sulphate was 98%. Manganese release from RMF decreased from 114 to 103% as the RMF level was increased, while the corresponding decrease in Mn release from CWC was from 14 to −3%. Manganese recovery from manganese sulphate was 100%. Zinc release from RMF increased from 5.8−15.5%, with an increase in the amount of RMF applied, while no Zn was released from CWC. Recovery of Zn from zinc sulphate was 98%. These results show that RMF and CWC could be used to meet Cu, Mn and Zn requirements of organically grown cereals. The results of the investigation have general applicability in organic farming.

Recovery of manganese using molasses as reductant in nitric acid solution

The present work provides an investigation of the recovery of manganese from a relatively low-grade ore (37.5% Mn) located in Um-Bogma, Sinai area, Egypt. Several leaching experiments have been performed in HNO 3 acid medium to which molasses as an additive was used to benefit from the reduction action of glucose and fructose. Leaching parameters were optimized as 2.7 M HNO 3 in the presence of molasses (20% of the input weight) in a solid–liquid ratio of 1:12 at 95 °C for 2 h. Under these conditions, the recovery efficiency of manganese attained about 98%, whilst iron dissolution did not exceed 12.9%. The recovery efficiencies of the interesting associated metal values (Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Cr) have also been investigated. Manganese oxide was recovered from leach liquor in basic media after removal of major gangue impurities by precipitation technique. High purity manganese oxide products namely; (Bixbyite Mn 2O 3) and activated manganese oxide (hausmannite Mn 3O 4) were prepared. The latter was obtained via precipitation in basic media followed by activation using HNO 3 as oxidant and ignition. The obtained products were suitable for several industrial applications besides, ammonium nitrate as added by-product.

Multiobjective Optimization of Manganese Recovery from Sea Nodules Using Genetic Algorithms

Treatment of low grade manganese ores is receiving widespread attention due to major use of manganese (85–90%) as ferromanganese alloy in the rapidly growing iron and steel sector and also in other important industrial products like electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) used in the energy sector. Manganese bearing polymetallic sea nodules containing less than 40% Mn fall in the category of lean grade ores and besides manganese these nodules are the reserve for other metals like copper, nickel, and cobalt. In this present work, treatment of these polymetallic sea nodules in an acid-based hydrometallurgical route has been proposed using two different schemes, batch and parallel in nature. Both processes have been optimized using multiobjective genetic algorithms.

Study in reduction-roast leaching manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using cornstalk as reductant

In this study cornstalk was used as reductant for reduction roasting of low-grade manganese dioxide ores, and sulfuric acid was used as leaching solvent for the roasted ore. The effects of weight ratio of ore to cornstalk, roasting temperature, roasting time, ore particle size, leaching temperature, stirring speed and sulfuric acid concentration on the leaching recovery were discussed. The leaching recovery of manganese reached 90.2% under the optimal condition which was determined as manganese dioxide ore to cornstalk weight ratio of 10:3, roasting temperature of 500 °C for 80 min, leaching stirring speed of 400 r/min, sulfuric acid concentration of 3 mol/L, leaching temperature of 50 °C for 40 min.

Leaching of pyrolusite using molasses alcohol wastewater as a reductant

Extraction of manganese from a pyrolusite ore was investigated using molasses alcohol wastewater as a reducing agent in dilute sulfuric acid medium. The effects of molasses alcohol wastewater dosage, concentration of sulfuric acid, leaching temperature and reaction time were studied. High manganese recovery, coupled with relatively low Fe and Al extraction yields, was obtained with this leaching process. The optimal leaching conditions were obtained using 1.9 mol/L H 2SO 4 and 2.0 mL/g ratio of molasses alcohol wastewater to pyrolusite for 120 min at 90 °C. These conditions resulted in leaching yields of 93% for Mn, with relatively low recoveries of 37% for Fe and 25% for Al. These results demonstrate that molasses alcohol wastewater is a low cost resource, containing renewable and non-hazardous reducing agents (when compared to other available reagents) that can be used for manganese leaching under mild acidic conditions. In short, the method provides a good extraction yield while making an economically productive use of molasses alcohol wastewater.

Process for the recycling of alkaline and zinc–carbon spent batteries

In this paper a recycling process for the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries is proposed. Laboratory tests are performed to obtain a purified pregnant solution from which metallic zinc (purity 99.6%) can be recovered by electrolysis; manganese is recovered as a mixture of oxides by roasting of solid residue coming from the leaching stage. Nearly 99% of zinc and 20% of manganese are extracted after 3 h, at 80 °C with 10% w/v pulp density and 1.5 M sulphuric acid concentration. The leach liquor is purified by a selective precipitation of iron, whereas metallic impurities, such as copper, nickel and cadmium are removed by cementation with zinc powder. The solid residue of leaching is roasted for 30 min at 900 °C, removing graphite completely and obtaining a mixture of Mn 3O 4 and Mn 2O 3 with 70% grade of Mn. After that a technical-economic assessment is carried out for a recycling plant with a feed capacity of 5000 t y −1 of only alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries. This analysis shows the economic feasibility of that plant, supposing a battery price surcharge of 0.5 € kg −1, with a return on investment of 34.5%, gross margin of 35.8% and around 3 years payback time.

Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese ore in H 2SO 4 using cane molasses as reductant

Manganese extraction from a low-grade ore was investigated using cane molasses as a reducing agent in dilute sulfuric acid medium. The effects of concentrations of cane molasses and sulfuric acid, leaching temperature as well as reaction time were discussed. The results showed that high manganese recovery with low Fe and Al extraction yield could be obtained by analyzing the leaching efficiencies of Mn, Fe and Al during the leaching process. The optimal leaching condition was determined as 1.9 mol/L H 2SO 4 and 60.0 g/L cane molasses for 120 min at 90 °C while using particles smaller than 0.147 mm. The leaching efficiencies were 97.0% for Mn, whereas 21.5% for Al and 32.4% for Fe, respectively.

THE BOLEO COPPER-COBALT-ZINC-MANGANESE PROJECT

The Boleo project is located in Mexico close to the town of Santa Rosalia on the Baja Peninsula. The Boleo deposit contains copper, cobalt, zinc and manganese values as oxides with minor sulphides. The Boleo deposit is metallurgically challenging due to: 1) the requirement to recover four separate metals 2) the presence of high levels of clay in the deposit resulting in difficult solid-liquid separations and 3) the need to use seawater for the bulk of the processing. The key steps in the flowsheet are:1. Feed preparation (scrubbing and ball milling of oversize) in copper raffinate2. Ore leaching using oxidative and reductive leaching3. Countercurrent Decantation (CCD) washing using high rate thickening technology4. Copper solvent extraction/electrowinning (SX/EW)5. Treatment of a bleed solution for cobalt, zinc and manganese recoveryThe process for cobalt, zinc and manganese recovery involves iron and aluminum removal followed by cobalt/zinc bulk extraction using CSIRO’s DSX solvent extraction system and selective zinc and cobalt stripping. The zinc strip solution is evaporated to produce zinc sulphate monohydrate crystals to market and cobalt is recovered via a further SX/EW process as high purity metal. Manganese is precipitated as manganese carbonate from the direct solvent extraction (DSX) raffinate.Le projet Boléo est situé au Mexique, près de la ville de Santa Rosalia, sur la Péninsule Baja. Le dépôt de Boléo contient des valeurs de cuivre, de cobalt, de zinc et de manganèse sous forme d’oxydes avec des sulfures mineurs. Le dépôt de Boléo est ambitieux du point de vue métallurgique à cause de: 1) l’exigence de récupérer quatre métaux séparés 2) la présence de niveaux élevés d’argile dans le dépôt résultant en séparations solide-liquide difficiles et 3) le besoin d’utiliser de l’eau de mer pour la majorité du traitement. Les étapes clés du schéma de procédé sont:1. Préparation de l’alimentation (lavage et broyage avec boulets des déclassés trop grands) du raffinat de cuivre2. Lixiviation du minerai en utilisant la lixiviation oxydative et réductive3. Lavage à contre-courant par décantation (CCD) en utilisant la technologie d’épaississement à haute vitesse4. Extraction par solvant/électro-obtention (SX/EW) du cuivre5. Traitement de la solution d’exsudation pour la récupération du cobalt, du zinc et du manganèse.Le procédé de récupération du cobalt, du zinc et du manganèse implique l’enlèvement du fer et de l’aluminium suivi par l’extraction en vrac du cobalt/zinc en utilisant le système d’extraction par solvant DSX de CSIRO et le lavage sélectif du zinc et du cobalt. La solution de lavage du zinc est évaporée pour produire des cristaux de sulfate de zinc monohydrate pour la mise en marché et le cobalt est récupéré en métal de haute pureté par l’intermédiaire d’un autre procédé de SX/EW. Le manganèse est précipité sous forme de carbonate de manganèse à partir de l’extraction directe par solvant du raffinat.

Manganese metallurgy review. Part II: Manganese separation and recovery from solution

Various methods for manganese separation and recovery from solution are reviewed, which are potentially applicable to leach solutions of secondary manganese sources, particularly nickel laterite waste effluents. The main methods include solvent extraction, sulfide precipitation, ion exchange, hydroxide precipitation and oxidative precipitation. These methods are briefly compared and assessed for both purification of manganese solutions and recovery of manganese from the solutions in terms of their selectivity, efficiency, reagent costs and product quality. The strategies for co-recovery of valuable metals including nickel and cobalt are discussed.Among these methods, oxidative precipitation with cheap oxidants such as SO2/O2 mixture is highly selective for recovery of manganese and the most promising method recommended for future research and development. Solvent extraction with cheap extractants is next for selective extraction of manganese, purification of manganese solutions or co-recovery of other valuable metals. The cost of base needed for neutralisation in solvent extraction is a major consideration. Carbonate precipitation is more selective for manganese than hydroxide precipitation with respect to magnesium impurity. Manganese carbonate is a favourable form for further processing to final manganese products, but its applicability will largely depend on the relative concentrations of manganese to magnesium and calcium impurities. Sulfide precipitation and ion exchange offer useful means for purification and/or co-recovery of other base metal impurities.

Manganese metallurgy review. Part I: Leaching of ores/secondary materials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese dioxide

The world rapidly growing demand for manganese has made it increasingly important to develop processes for economical recovery of manganese from low grade manganese ores and other secondary sources. Part I of this review outlines metallurgical processes for manganese production from various resources, particularly focusing on recent developments in direct hydrometallurgical leaching and recovery processes to identify potential sources of manganese and products which can be economically produced.High grade manganese ores (>40%) are typically processed into suitable metallic alloy forms by pyrometallurgical processes. Low grade manganese ores (<40%) are conventionally processed by pyrometallurgical reductive roasting or melting followed by hydrometallurgical processing for production of chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), electrolytic manganese (EM) or electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD).Various direct reductive leaching processes have been studied and developed for processing low manganese ores and ocean manganese nodules, including leaching with ferrous iron, sulfur dioxide, cuprous copper, hydrogen peroxide, nitrous acid, organic reductants, and bio- and electro-reductions. Among these processes, the leaching with cheap sulfur dioxide or ferrous ion is most promising and has been operated in a pilot scale. The crucial issue is the purification of leach liquors and the selective recovery of copper, nickel and cobalt is often difficult from solutions containing soluble iron and manganese. For treatment of manganese bearing materials including waste batteries, spent electrodes, sludges, slags and spent catalysts, a leaching or reductive leaching step is generally needed followed by various purification steps, which makes the processes less economically viable.It is concluded that the recovery of manganese from nickel laterite process effluents which contain 1–5 g/L Mn offers a growing low cost resource of manganese. Part II of this review considers the application of various solvent extraction reagents and precipitation methods for treating such manganese liquors.

Recovery of zinc and manganese from alkaline and zinc-carbon spent batteries

This paper concerns the recovery of zinc and manganese from alkaline and zinc-carbon spent batteries. The metals were dissolved by a reductive-acid leaching with sulphuric acid in the presence of oxalic acid as reductant. Leaching tests were realised according to a full factorial design, then simple regression equations for Mn, Zn and Fe extraction were determined from the experimental data as a function of pulp density, sulphuric acid concentration, temperature and oxalic acid concentration. The main effects and interactions were investigated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). This analysis evidenced the best operating conditions of the reductive acid leaching: 70% of manganese and 100% of zinc were extracted after 5 h, at 80 °C with 20% of pulp density, 1.8 M sulphuric acid concentration and 59.4 g L −1 of oxalic acid. Both manganese and zinc extraction yields higher than 96% were obtained by using two sequential leaching steps.

Factors Affecting Silicomanganese Production using Manganese Rich Slag in the Charge

Silicomanganese is widely used as a complex reducer and an alloying addition in the production of various grades of steel due to its economic and metallurgical advantages. It is also used as a semi‐product in the manufacture of medium‐ and low‐carbon ferromanganese and metallic manganese. Manganese‐rich slag, resulting from high carbon ferromanganese production, has the advantages of high manganese content, high Mn/Fe ratio, low excess oxygen, low phosphorus content, low fine content and low cost. Such slag seems to be very attractive to use as raw materials for the production of silicomanganese alloys. In the present study, experimental heats were designed and carried out to optimise the factors affecting the production process of silicomanganese using manganese rich slag in the charge. The results of pilot plant experimental heats showed that the optimum metallic yield and recoveries of manganese and silicon are obtained with an initial slag basicity, (CaO + MgO) / (Al2O3), of 1.8 by using dolomite as fluxing material and charging quartzite and fluorspar in percentage of 25% and 4% of the blend, respectively. The results also showed that an amount of 30% of coke in excess of the stoichiometric amount should be added. These results are relative for the specific high Al2O3 ores used.

RETRACTED: Solid phase extraction method for the determination of lead, nickel, copper and manganese by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using sodium bispiperdine-1,1′-carbotetrathioate (Na-BPCTT) in water samples

A novel column solid phase extraction procedure was developed for the determination of lead, nickel, copper and manganese in various water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after preconcentration on sodium bispiperdine-1,1'-carbotetrathioate (Na-BPCTT) supported by Amberlite XAD-7. The sorbed element was subsequently eluted with 1M nitric acid and the acid eluates are analysed by Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Various parameters such as pH, amount of adsorbent, eluent type and volume, flow-rate of the sample solution, volume of the sample solution and matrix interference effect on the retention of the metal ions have been studied. The optimum pH for the sorption of above mentioned metal ions was about 6.0+/-0.2. The loading capacity of adsorbent for Pb, Cu, Ni and Mn were found to 28, 26, 22 and 20x10(-6) g/mL, respectively. The recoveries of lead, copper, nickel and manganese under optimum conditions were found to be 96.7-99.2 at the 95% confident level. The limit of detection was 3.0, 3.2, 2.8 and 3.6x10(-6) g/mL for lead, copper, nickel and manganese, respectively by applying a preconcentration factor 50. The proposed enrichment method was applied for metal ions in various water samples. The results were obtained are good agreement with reported method.

Determination of Lead, Iron, Manganese and Zinc in Sea Water Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Preconcentration with Chromosorb 105

A solid phase extraction procedure based a column technique for preconcentration of lead, iron, manganese and zinc from water samples was developed. The analyte ions as its diethyldithiocarbamate complex were retained on a column of Chromosorb 105 from buffered sample solution. Then they were eluted with acetone. The recoveries of lead, iron, manganese and zinc under the optimum working conditions were 100, 97, 100 and 100%, respectively. The relative standard deviations were less than 6%. The method presented was applied for the determination of lead, iron, zinc and manganese in sea water samples.

Resource recovery of manganese from inorganic solution.

Resource recovery of manganese from inorganic solution.

Concentração de finos provenientes da planta de beneficiamento do minério de manganês da Mineração Morro da Mina/RDM por mesa oscilatória

Esse artigo apresenta estudos de concentração de finos de minério de manganês (estocados como rejeito) da Mineração Morro da Mina/RDM em mesa oscilatória, visando à obtenção de concentrados para serem empregados na indústria metalúrgica. Os teores de Mn, na amostra global e nas frações acima e abaixo de 0,074 mm, eram de 28,30; 26,84 e 31,31%, respectivamente. Pela análise granulométrica, verificou-se que 80% desses finos encontravam-se abaixo de 0,149 mm. Nas condições otimizadas dos ensaios de concentração (15% de sólidos na polpa e ângulo de inclinação da mesa igual a 3º), foram obtidas recuperações de manganês da amostra global, acima e abaixo de 0,074 mm de 77, 81 e 62%, respectivamente. Os teores de manganês e impurezas, nos concentrados, para as amostras estudadas, satisfizeram as especificações químicas dos produtos comercializados pela empresa.