Recovery Of Disorder Research Articles

Recovery of the Total Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy without Surgical Treatment: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study and Literature Review

Abstract Background Spontaneous recovery of a birth brachial plexus disorder is difficult to predict. Although root avulsion and total plexus injury is indicated for surgical management, early nerve surgery is still doubtful. Hand motion is obviously an important indicator for predicting the function of an affected limb. However, the timing for diagnosing a transient or true total plexus injury from hand recovery is controversial. This study aimed to report the recovery time of total birth brachial plexus palsy in patients who did not undergo surgery due to various reasons. Methods In this 15-year retrospective chart review, 45 patients of total birth brachial plexus injury with a mean follow-up time of 34.5 months, were included. Although patients met surgical indications, surgical management was abandoned for a variety of reasons. Imaging was not performed routinely and, nerve conduction study and Horner's syndrome were not consistently recorded in the past. All patients were evaluated for clinical improvement by motor power grading. The recovery time was reported as the median and interquartile range. Results Forty-five patients were diagnosed with total birth brachial plexus injury. Out of 45 patients, 36 showed clinical evidence of recovering their hand motion within a median of 3 months. The median time for the recovery of elbow flexion and shoulder abduction was 4 months. The median for achieving antigravity or full motion recovery of elbow flexion, shoulder abduction, and hand flexion were 10, 10.5, and 7 months, respectively. Conclusion In this study, spontaneous recovery of shoulder, elbow and hand motion substantially occurred in the patient diagnosed with a total birth brachial plexus palsy. True total plexus palsy can be distinguished from transient palsy by the recovery of hand motion at 3 months. Most of the patients, who had spontaneous recovery, potentially achieved antigravity or full hand movement without surgery.

Multi-Enzyme Co-Expressed Ruthenium dioxide nanoparticles activate mitochondrial autophagy and regulate oxidative stress for Alzheimer's disease treatment

Mitochondrial damage induced by reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial autophagy dysfunction are closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the recovery of mitochondrial autophagy disorder is crucial in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, protecting neurons, and improving AD. Herein, Ruthenium dioxide nanoparticles (RuO2) have multi-enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). And the multi-enzyme activity depends on the size, oxygen vacancy, morphology and specific surface area of the nanoparticles. The ultrasmall Ruthenium dioxide showed excellent antioxidant activity in the enzyme activity experiment. The results of in vitro experiments show that RuO2 can restore damaged neurons by clearing Aβ and H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). It maintains mitochondrial function, restores mitochondrial autophagy and normalizes mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby restoring injured neuronal cells. At the same time, it also showed the ability to regulate microglia polarization, inhibit microglia overactivation, and relieve neuroinflammation. After screening the results of enzyme activity experiment and in vitro experiment, sRuO2 with small particle size and good enzyme activity was selected for in vivo experiment. sRuO2 can inhibit oxidative stress in vivo, reduce the burden of Aβ, regulate the neuroprotective function of microglia and improve neuroinflammation. It ultimately improve memory decline and cognitive impairment in Aβ mice. These results suggest that sRuO2 nanoenzymes with antioxidant activity have great potential in the treatment of AD. The multi-target strategy also offers a promising treatment option for AD.

Bipolar Disorder with History of Physical Abuse and Comorbid Polycythemia Vera: a Case Report

Introductions: Based on a 2015 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) report, violence against children is widespread in Indonesia; 40% of 13–15-year-old children reported being physically assaulted at least once a year, 26% reported being physically abused by a parent or caregiver, and 50% reported being bullied at school. Case: A 23-year-old female patient, Hindu, Balinese, unmarried, and unemployed, came alone to the psychiatric polyclinic of Wangaya Hospital. From history taking, there was dizziness, anhedonia, impaired attention, reduced self-esteem and confidence, guilt and uselessness, reference ideas, somatic delusions, relationship mood, logorrhea and flight of ideas, a history of mixed-type insomnia, and excessive energy. In a general examination, there were icteric sclera and palpable enlargement of the spleen (Schuffner 4). Neurological examination within normal limits. Discussion: The patient has bipolar disorder, caused by a traumatic experience in childhood. The patient was found to have a history of repeated treatment; she was initially diagnosed with bipolar disorder and received Depakote 250 mg and Clobazam 10 mg. Then, the patient came for treatment again at Wangaya Hospital on August 30, 2021, because of a headache and was diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder, with the current episode being moderately depressive with somatic symptoms. Conclusion: Traumatic childhood events are a risk factor for bipolar disorder. In addition to poor clinical presentation, the early onset of bipolar disorder is also an aggravating factor for symptom recurrence. Polycythemia vera can be a complicating factor in the recovery and relapse of bipolar disorder.

Investigation of the damage behavior in SiC without any additives irradiated with Si ions by GIXRD, Raman and TEM

The SPS-prepared SiC without any additives was irradiated with 15.9 MeV Si ions at room temperature and 500 °C. The damage behavior was investigated by grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GIXRD and Raman spectra show that the disorder of SiC increases and the lattice swelling occurs with the increase of irradiation at room temperature. High temperature irradiation was associated with the reduction of swelling and the recovery of disorder. TEM results indicate that at room temperature, with increasing dose, the material transitions from slight amorphization to complete amorphization. The amorphization dose is estimated to be around 1.2 dpa. The combined effects of stacking faults, high-energy ions accompanied by higher electronic energy loss inducing displacement cascades, and cascade-induced annealing delay damage accumulation, leading to an increased critical dose for amorphization. Moreover, the transient thermal spikes due to higher electronic energy loss, leading to defect annealing and the formation of Frank loops at lower irradiation temperatures.

Physiological and psychological recovery in two pure forests: interaction between perception methods and perception durations.

The forest experience is good for people's physical and mental health. However, few studies on the effects of pure forest based on the duration and way of experience on people's physical and mental recovery. In this study, we took 180 first-year college students as research objects and conducted experiments in Pinus sylvestris and Betula platyphylla and the control group of grass plot. The changes of physiological and psychological indexes of the subjects were compared by two perception methods (onsite perception, video perception) and three perception duration (10 min, 20 min, 30 min). The results indicated that: (1) Differences between the two pure forests were mainly reflected in short-term recovery of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and long-term recovery of total mood disorder (TMD). (2) Video perception was more conducive to short-term recovery of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). (3) Viewing the Pinus sylvestris for 20 min in different ways was the best way to relieve stress. It is suggested that, Pinus sylvestris can be used as the rehabilitation perception material, and reasonable path length or perception time can be selected for landscape construction in future. These results can provide scientific reference for landscape design based on forest health and environmental perception.

Music Therapy as a Collaborative Tool in the Recovery of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Patients

Music is considered worldwide as both a verbal and non-verbal tool because it influences an individual’s emotions, positively impacting their mood, individuality, and self-confidence, among other aspects. In the context of pharmacological treatments for substance dependence, the practices of Music Therapy are included and are considered a valuable tool to assist in the recovery of these patients. Music provides emotional and mental support during the detoxification and withdrawal processes experienced by individuals who develop substance-induced disorders. It is a complementary therapy that helps the patient express themselves, contributing to improvements in the sensory and motor experiences of the participants. In other words, it allows the individual’s subjectivity to re-emerge, enabling them to reconnect with themselves and with society. The literature demonstrates that drug addiction is a millennia-old phenomenon that affected approximately 11.2 million people around the world in 2020. Additionally, there has been an increase in consumption among young people, with rates growing by 26% compared to those recorded in 2012. This review article, prepared using the bibliographic research technique, aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of Music Therapy in the treatment and support of patients with substance use disorders. Based on the literature selected from electronic sources, it was found that Music Therapy, as an additional treatment alongside pharmacological approaches, significantly contributes to the recovery of individuals with substance-induced disorders.

Addiction substitution and concurrent recovery in gambling disorder: Who substitutes and why?

When individuals recover from gambling disorder, their involvement in other potentially addictive substances and behaviors may also subsequently increase (substitution) or decrease (concurrent recovery). The objectives of this study were to identify and compare recovery processes associated with substitution and concurrent recovery in gambling disorder. A mixed-method study was conducted with 185 people who were recovered from gambling disorder. Semi-structured interviews were used to: (i) establish onset and recovery of gambling disorder as well as other substance and behavioral addictions; and (ii) assess processes (e.g., reasons, emotional state, helpfulness) associated with addiction substitution and concurrent recovery. Participants also completed a survey assessing demographic characteristics, gambling behaviors, and psychological characteristics to compare demographic and clinical differences between participants who engaged in addiction substitution, concurrent recovery, or neither (controls). The most frequently reported reason for engaging in addiction substitution was as a substitute coping mechanism. The most reported reason for engaging in concurrent recovery was due to the addictions being mutually influenced. Negative emotional states were common when engaging in both addiction substitution and concurrent recovery. Although the three groups did not differ on gambling characteristics, addiction substitution was associated with greater underlying vulnerabilities including childhood adversity, impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and, maladaptive coping skills. Transdiagnostic treatments that target the underlying mechanisms of addictions may reduce the likelihood of engaging in addiction substitution.

Exploring the intersection of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders: understanding the unique challenges and treatment considerations for autistic women with eating disorders.

Autistic women struggle with high levels of both autistic eating behaviours and disordered eating behaviours , which might make them particularly vulnerable to develop eating disorders. Research investigating the presence and characteristics of eating disorders in autistic women is however limited, as is research examining the role of autism in the treatment and recovery of an eating disorder in autistic women. The link between autism and eating disorders has mainly been investigated from the field of eating disorder research, with studies finding an overrepresentation of autism or autistic traits in eating disorders populations. Findings also suggest that autism or autistic traits are associated with a more serious presentation of the eating disorders, including a higher chance of a chronic course of the eating disorders. Most studies however lack comprehensive autism assessments, making it difficult to determine the actual prevalence of autism and its role in women with eating disorders. Autistic women with an eating disorder seem to suffer from more complex eating disorders and seem to not benefit from current treatment modalities. This could be partly related to specific autism characteristics such as sensory sensitivities, which are not being considered by current treatment protocols. Future research needs to shed light on what underlies the eating behaviours of autistic women with an eating disorder, in order to help to adapt current treatment modalities to meet the unique needs of these women.

Apple polyphenol extract alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and linked behavioral disorders via regulating the gut-brain axis

To explore the effects of apple polyphenol extract (APE) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) and linked behavioral disorders, C57BL/6 male mice aged 9–11 weeks were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) Control group (CON), (2) 3% DSS group (DSS), (3) 3% DSS + APE at 8 a.m. group (DA-ZT0), (4) 3% DSS + APE at 8 p.m. group (DA-ZT12). APE was given at a dosage of 500 mg/(kg·bw·d). APE treatment elevated protein expressions of Occludin, zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1) and mucoprotein-2 (MUC2), and inhibited inflammatory response by down-regulating the (NOD)-like receptor family and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC)/cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1) signaling pathway. Meanwhile, APE alleviated anxiety and depression-like behavior disorders by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic-density protein 95 (PSD-95) and downregulating allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1). Additionally, APE reshaped the structure of the intestinal microbiota, with an increased Firmicutes/Bacterodetes ratio and reduced the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides and Parasutterella. Finally, APE reset DSS-induced circadian rhythm disturbance of clock genes, with significant induction of Cryptochrome2 (Cry2), Period2 (Per2) and Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (Rev-erbα) in hippocampus and Brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) in cortex in DA-ZT0 group, but APE treatment at ZT12 induced longer colon length, lower serum IL-β concentration and proteins expression of NLRP3 and ASC in colon, and better recovery of behavioral disorder. Thus, APE might conserve the potential as a diet-derived nutraceutical for UC treatment.

A 3-DoF robotic platform for the rehabilitation and assessment of reaction time and balance skills of MS patients.

The central nervous system (CNS) exploits anticipatory (APAs) and compensatory (CPAs) postural adjustments to maintain the balance. The postural adjustments comprising stability of the center of mass (CoM) and the pressure distribution of the body influence each other if there is a lack of performance in either of them. Any predictable or sudden perturbation may pave the way for the divergence of CoM from equilibrium and inhomogeneous pressure distribution of the body. Such a situation is often observed in the daily lives of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients due to their poor APAs and CPAs and induces their falls. The way of minimizing the risk of falls in neurological patients is by utilizing perturbation-based rehabilitation, as it is efficient in the recovery of the balance disorder. In light of the findings, we present the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of a novel 3 DoF parallel manipulator to treat the balance disorder of MS. The robotic platform allows angular motion of the ankle based on its anthropomorphic freedom. Moreover, the end-effector endowed with upper and lower platforms is designed to evaluate both the pressure distribution of each foot and the CoM of the body, respectively. Data gathered from the platforms are utilized to both evaluate the performance of the patients and used in high-level control of the robotic platform to regulate the difficulty level of tasks. In this study, kinematic and dynamic analyses of the robot are derived and validated in the simulation environment. Low-level control of the first prototype is also successfully implemented through the PID controller. The capacity of each platform is evaluated with a set of experiments considering the assessment of pressure distribution and CoM of the foot-like objects on the end-effector. The experimental results indicate that such a system well-address the need for balance skill training and assessment through the APAs and CPAs.

Predictors of time to first symptomatic recovery of major depressive disordered patients: a case study at Jimma University Medical Center

BackgroundMajor Depressive Disorder is one of the most common mental disorders, and it is the main cause of disability worldwide with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 21%.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to predict the time it took for patients with severe depressive disorders at Jimma University Medical Center to experience their initial symptomatic recovery.Study designThe researchers utilized a prospective study design.MethodsPatients with major depressive disorder were followed up on at Jimma University Medical Center from September 2018 to August 2020 for this study. The Gamma and Inverse Gaussian frailty distributions were employed with Weibull, Log-logistic, and Log-normal as baseline hazard functions. Akaike Information Criteria were used to choose the best model for describing the data.ResultsThis study comprised 366 patients, with 54.1% of them experiencing their first symptomatic recovery from a severe depressive disorder. The median time from the onset of symptoms to symptomatic recovery was 7 months. In the study area, there was a clustering effect in terms of time to first symptomatic recovery from major depressive disorder. According to the Log-normal Inverse-Gaussian frailty model, marital status, chewing khat, educational status, work status, substance addiction, and other co-variables were significant predictors of major depressive disorder (p-value < 0.05).ConclusionThe best model for describing the time to the first symptomatic recovery of major depressive disorder is the log-normal Inverse-Gaussian frailty model. Being educated and working considerably were the variables that reduces the time to first symptomatic recovery from major depressive disorder; whereas being divorced, chewing khat, substance abused and other co-factors were the variables that significantly extends the time to first symptomatic recovery.

Effects of Dietary Resveratrol, Bile Acids, Allicin, Betaine, and Inositol on Recovering the Lipid Metabolism Disorder in the Liver of Rare Minnow Gobiocypris rarus Caused by Bisphenol A.

The fatty liver is one of the main problems in aquaculture. In addition to the nutritional factors, endocrine disrupter chemicals (EDCs) are one of the causes of fatty liver in fish. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer widely used in the production of various plastic products and exhibits certain endocrine estrogen effects. Our previous study found that BPA could increase the accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in fish liver by disturbing the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. How to recover the lipid metabolism disorder caused by BPA and other environmental estrogens remains to be explored. In the present study, Gobiocypris rarus was used as a research model, and 0.01% resveratrol, 0.05% bile acid, 0.01% allicin, 0.1% betaine, and 0.01% inositol were added to the feed of the G. rarus that exposed to 15 μg/L BPA. At the same time, a BPA exposure group without feed additives (BPA group) and a blank group with neither BPA exposure nor feed additives (Con group) were setted. The liver morphology, hepatosomatic index (HSI), hepatic lipid deposition, TG level, and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes were analyzed after 5 weeks of feeding. The HSI in bile acid and allicin groups was significantly lower than that in Con group. The TG in resveratrol, bile acid, allicin, and inositol groups returned to Con level. Principal component analysis of TG synthesis, decomposition, and transport related genes showed that dietary bile acid and inositol supplementation had the best effect on the recovery of BPA-induced lipid metabolism disorder, followed by allicin and resveratrol. In terms of lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity, bile acid and inositol were the most effective in recovering BPA-induced lipid metabolism disorders. The addition of these additives had a restorative effect on the antioxidant capacity of G. rarus livers, but bile acids and inositol were relatively the most effective. The results of the present study demonstrated that under the present dosage, bile acids and inositol had the best improvement effect on the fatty liver of G. rarus caused by BPA. The present study will provide important reference for solving the problem of fatty liver caused by environmental estrogen in aquaculture.

Recovery from Gambling Disorder: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

Purpose: Gambling disorder is highly prevalent, and harms individuals, families, interpersonal relationships, and society. However, the efforts to treat and recover from a gambling disorder are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to construct an integrated body of knowledge related to the recovery of gambling disorder, by synthesizing qualitative studies showing the recovery process in gambling.Methods: The qualitative meta-synthesis method was used to search for qualitative studies on recovery from gambling, and the experiences of 213 people of 22 articles were analyzed.Results: The overall theme representing the recovery of a gambling disorder was derived as ‘the journey of becoming the master of my life and growing together’. The process of recovery from a gambling disorder was subdivided into the decision-making phase, life-reconstruction phase, and life-fulfillment phase. The factors that enable as well as hinder recovery are presented in detail.Conclusion: It is expected that the results of this study can be used as an empirical basis, for planning gambling-related policies and programs in practice through the experiences of recovering gamblers.

Drug use evaluation: A two-year retrospective review of the effectiveness and tolerability of agomelatine versus mirtazapine in patients with depressive disorder.

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and tolerability of agomelatine with mirtazapine in patients with depressive disorder. To illustrate the prescribing pattern of agomelatine and identify factors that affect the pattern of treatment result and therapeutic outcome of it.MethodsThe clinical data of patients using agomelatine or mirtazapine, 93 patients in each group, were included and reviewed in this retrospective study. Background characteristics, adverse events, therapeutic outcomes (discontinued or continued), reason of discontinuation, and the presence of positive pattern of treatment result were assessed. Positive pattern of treatment result was defined as either recovery or improvement of depressive disorder after therapy.ResultsPatients using agomelatine were associated with higher starting dose and higher dose titrated than mirtazapine. More patients started agomelatine due to intolerability, and less due to ineffectiveness of the previous antidepressant. More patients started agomelatine before the use of at least two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/serotonin‐noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Patients using agomelatine were associated with less discontinuation due to intolerability, and less experience of adverse events within 90 days of initiation or dose increase, but more discontinuation due to ineffectiveness versus mirtazapine. The use of 50 mg resulted in less discontinuation. The use of at least two SSRI(s)/SNRI(s) before and more concomitant medications are independently associated with more discontinuation due to intolerability. The use of at least two SSRI(s)/SNRI(s) before was also associated with more adverse events. Using agomelatine as an augmentation to other antidepressant(s) and at a higher dose were independently associated with the experience of positive pattern of treatment result.ConclusionAgomelatine was more tolerable than mirtazapine, but could result in more discontinuation due to ineffectiveness. The use of higher dose and as an augmentation to other antidepressant(s) could improve the desired treatment result of agomelatine.

Low-level laser therapy in neurosensory recovery – case series in dental and maxillofacial rehabilitation

Introduction Neurosensory disorders may be considered as a complication from surgical procedures, such as dental implants and mandibular osteotomy [1–3]. In these cases, the orofacial damage can involve general and professional patient impairments. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to be effective in reducing neurosensory recovery time, while promoting nerve regeneration [4,5]. This study aimed to analyse the LLLT impact on postsurgical neurosensory recovery, namely for dental and maxillofacial surgery patients. Materials and methods Patients previously submitted to dental and/or maxilofacial rehabilitation at Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra/Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, were selected. Anamnesis, examination and neurosensory evaluation were performed to determine the presence and location of neurosensory disorder. The elected orofacial area was irradiated using a continuous wave diode laser at 660 nm (SIROLaser Blue; Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) in two sessions per week, until satisfactory results were achieved. The measure of health-related quality of life was performed by EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, before and after the LLLT treatment. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra and the informed consent document was performed. Results Two patients (both Female, Age 22) were selected. Treatment lasted approximately 1 months in both cases. The mean score before and after treatment (0–100 scale), of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was 70.0–95.5.The recovery of the neurosensory disorder allowed the quality improvement in all 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. No reactions or side-effects were reported. Discussion and conclusions 5 dimensions of health quality were analysed and the severity level degrees were related with the corporal/patient impairment. The results supported the use of LLLT as an effective treatment option by accelerating the recovery of postsurgical neurosensory disturbances, improving the patient’s health.

A randomized controlled trial of self-compassion versus cognitive therapy for complex psychopathologies

Third wave cognitive behavioural therapy has drawn attention to the value of interventions focusing on improved psychological functioning and wellbeing, rather than recovery or absence of disorder alone. The current study compared behavioural therapy combined with either self-compassion training or cognitive therapy (experimental treatment with standard treatment) in a randomized controlled trial for an initial presentation of a depressive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder at a publicly funded outpatient unit. A battery of reliable and valid scales to assess the severity of the presenting problem and level of self-compassion were administered at both commencement and end of a 12-week treatment intervention. Basic sociodemographic variables were also recorded. Effective randomization was achieved for all variables except self-compassion, for which the standard treatment group reported higher levels than the experimental group. The greater efficacy of the experimental protocol was indicated by significant time by group interactions in severity measures over time in the experimental group relative to the standard group. This study contributes to a relatively fledgling literature on the therapeutic efficacy of self-compassion, providing both researchers and clinicians with valuable insight into the circumstances in which training in self-compassion may be of potential benefit when incorporated into standard practice. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (TRN 12617000885392, June 16, 2017).

A multi-domain prognostic model of disorder of consciousness using resting-state fMRI and laboratory parameters.

Although laboratory parameters have long been recognized as indicators of outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI), it remains a challenge to predict the recovery of disorder of consciousness (DOC) in severe brain injury including TBI. Recent advances have shown an association between alterations in brain connectivity and recovery from DOC. In the present study, we developed a prognostic model of DOC recovery via a combination of laboratory parameters and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fifty-one patients with DOC (age = 52.3 ± 15.2 y, male/female = 31/20) were recruited from Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang CAPR and were sub-grouped into conscious (n = 34) and unconscious (n = 17) groups based upon their Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) scores at 12-month follow-ups after injury. Resting-state functional connectivity, network nodal measures (centrality), and laboratory parameters were obtained from each patient and served as features for support vector machine (SVM) classifications. We found that functional connectivity was the most accurate single-domain model (ACC: 70.1% ± 4.5%, P = 0.038, 1000 permutations), followed by degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and laboratory parameters. The stacked multi-domain prognostic model(ACC: 73.4% ± 3.1%, P = 0.005, 1000 permutations) combining all single-domain models yielded a significantly higher accuracy compared to that of the best-performing single-domain model (P = 0.002). Our results suggest that laboratory parameters only contribute to the outcome prediction of DOC patients, whereas combining information from neuroimaging and clinical parameters may represent a strategy to achieve a more accurate prognostic model, which may further provide better guidance for clinical management of DOC patients.

Tellurium-reduced graphene oxide two-dimensional (2D) architecture for efficient photo-catalytic effluent: Solution for industrial water waste

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) material architecture has captivated attention of photocatalytic-industry due to their unique chemical-, effective purification-, and efficient effluent properties. Herein, we report, nano composites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) incorporated with different w/w % of tellurium (Te) that were synthesized and assessed for their photocatalytic application. Notably, 3% w/w Te-rGO showed superior photocatalytic behaviour over others due to passivation of oxygen in rGO at that composition. Initially, graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to rGO by in-situ variable, 1–11% w/w, Te incorporation. The homogeneous dispersion of Te resulted complete oxidization during redox process. Morphological analysis carried out by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed surface modification compounded with uniform distribution of spherical Te-clusters within rGO. Infrared (IR) and Raman analysis suggested recovery of disorder at oxygen sites by Te within layers and edges. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) studies showed optical bandwidth of rGO (3%) to be ~5 (2.5) eV and, eventually, reduced to ~1.7 after methylene blue dye degradation. The degradation parameters were studied for molecular composition, amount of catalyst, and quantity of dye utilized under normal solar irradiance. At 3%, peculiar photocatalytic behaviour has been observed with >70% of dye degradation for 150 min compounded with maximum decay at low weight fraction (10 mg) at 10 ppm of dye. The catalyst is reusable. Details of the analysis are presented.

Insight into picosecond kinetics of insulator surface under ionizing radiation

We found experimentally and theoretically that MgO, CaF2, and Y3Al5O12 (YAG) irradiated with fast ions demonstrate a noticeably different surface response. Striking differences follow from the kinetics of nanodroplets ejection. Protrusion of the hot materials and subsequent recrystallization in MgO and CaF2 recover transient damage in the surface region, forming a spherically shaped nanohillock. YAG demonstrated almost no recovery of the transient disorder, forming an amorphous hillock. These differences are attributed to complex interplay between the mobilities of atoms in the hot region and surface tensions.

Astaxanthin Encapsulated in Biodegradable Calcium Alginate Microspheres for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro.

Astaxanthin (AST) has attracted great interests in the scientific world because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory properties. And biodegradable materials, like chitosan, have been employed as the AST carrier to protect it from degradation and promote its bioavailability. However, the lack of pH responsiveness of these materials usually could not protect AST from the strong acidic gastric juices. In this study, calcium alginate (CA) microspheres, a pH responsive and biodegradable material, were prepared by a modified double emulsion technology and used as the AST encapsulation agent. Experimental results showed that the microparticles formed had a good degree of roundness, dispersity, encapsulation efficiency, and pH responsiveness. Cellular studies demonstrated that AST encapsulated in CA could inhibit hepatoma cells (HepG2 cell line) but it has relatively small or no impact on control hepatocytes (THLE-2 cell line). Furthermore, investigation of the underlying mechanism indicated that recovery of disorder of glucose metabolism by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis and promoting tricarboxylic acid cycle played an important part in the cell proliferation inhibition of hepatoma cells. As suggested above, AST could be a very promising therapeutic agent of liver cancer in clinical trials.