Recovery Mechanism Research Articles

A RAD18-UBC13-PALB2-RNF168 axis mediates replication fork recovery in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells.

BRCA1/2 proteins function in genome stability by promoting repair of double-stranded DNA breaks through homologous recombination and by protecting stalled replication forks from nucleolytic degradation. In BRCA1/2-deficient cancer cells, extensively degraded replication forks can be rescued through distinct fork recovery mechanisms that also promote cell survival. Here, we identified a novel pathway mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18, the E2-conjugating enzyme UBC13, the recombination factor PALB2, the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168 and PCNA ubiquitination that promotes fork recovery in BRCA1- but not BRCA2-deficient cells. We show that this pathway does not promote fork recovery by preventing replication fork reversal and degradation in BRCA1-deficient cells. We propose a mechanism whereby the RAD18-UBC13-PALB2-RNF168 axis facilitates resumption of DNA synthesis by promoting re-annealing of the complementary single-stranded template strands of the extensively degraded forks, thereby allowing re-establishment of a functional replication fork. We also provide preliminary evidence for the potential clinical relevance of this novel fork recovery pathway in BRCA1-mutated cancers, as RAD18 is over-expressed in BRCA1-deficient cancers, and RAD18 loss compromises cell viability in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells.

Perceived Self-Efficacy as a Mechanism for Post-traumatic Recovery in Gurnah’s Afterlives: The Case of Hamza

Perceived Self-Efficacy as a Mechanism for Post-traumatic Recovery in Gurnah’s Afterlives: The Case of Hamza

Complex stress mechanism and design method of urban rail prestressed concrete U‐beams based on finite element simulation

SummaryTo explore the complex stress mechanism of prestressed concrete U‐beams in urban rail transit, in order to improve the safety of urban rail transit construction and the economy of beam structures. The study first analyzed the complex stress mechanism of U‐beams and obtained a tension compression rod model through finite element analysis. Then, experimental research was conducted on the vertical three‐dimensional finite element stress of U‐beams, and strain cloud maps were obtained and compared with calculated values. The experimental data show that the beam can still recover to its original state after the second cycle, and the beam will not crack. This recovery mechanism means that U‐beams have high crack resistance and stability under complex stress processes. In the vertical deformation cloud map of the U‐beam, the deflection of the mid span section is the largest, with a maximum displacement of about 20.4 mm, which is very close to the measured value of 20.3 mm. In the measured data of concrete strain measuring points and the results of finite element calculation, the difference rate between measured values and calculated values of some measuring points is within 10%. The results indicate that the U‐shaped beam tension and compression rod model combined with finite element analysis has a high degree of conformity with the actual situation, and can provide technical reference for the construction of urban rail transit. The stress mechanism and design method proposed in the study have high reliability and are suitable for the design and construction of prestressed concrete U‐beams in urban rail transit construction.

Hyperspectral signals in the soil: Plant-soil hydraulic connection and disequilibrium as mechanisms of drought tolerance and rapid recovery.

Predicting soil water status remotely is appealing due to its low cost and large-scale application. During drought, plants can disconnect from the soil, causing disequilibrium between soil and plant water potentials at pre-dawn. The impact of this disequilibrium on plant drought response and recovery is not well understood, potentially complicating soil water status predictions from plant spectral reflectance. This study aimed to quantify drought-induced disequilibrium, evaluate plant responses and recovery, and determine the potential for predicting soil water status from plant spectral reflectance. Two species were tested: sweet corn (Zea mays), which disconnected from the soil during intense drought, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea), which did not. Sweet corn's hydraulic disconnection led to an extended 'hydrated' phase, but its recovery was slower than peanut's, which remained connected to the soil even at lower water potentials (-5 MPa). Leaf hyperspectral reflectance successfully predicted the soil water status of peanut consistently, but only until disequilibrium occurred in sweet corn. Our results reveal different hydraulic strategies for plants coping with extreme drought and provide the first example of using spectral reflectance to quantify rhizosphere water status, emphasizing the need for species-specific considerations in soil water status predictions from canopy reflectance.

Study on the reaction kinetics of simultaneous recovery of iron phosphate from hypophosphite in perferite oxidation plating waste

Phosphorus is an indispensable and irreplaceable element in the ecosystem. Based on the ability of ferrate(VI) to remove phosphate by producing iron phosphate, a new method for using ferrate(VI) to treat hypophosphite has been studied. In this study, ferrate was added to the hypophosphate solution in a controlled manner, and the oxidation efficiency of ferrate(VI) on hypophosphate was studied under various initial pH conditions, when the pH value of 6.0, the hypophosphate oxidation rate reached 14.0%. Research findings, Ferrate recovered hypophosphate through precipitation and adsorption under various initial pH conditions. To further investigate the mechanism of hypophosphate recovery, the morphology and microstructure of the deposition were analysed using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The kinetic process of ferrate recovery from hypophosphate was analysed. The recovery process follows second-order reaction kinetics, and the reaction rate is highest at pH 6.0. The value of kA1 is 1.742 × 10−2. This study shows that ferrate (VI) is a promising treatment tool for low-cost phosphate wastewater. Furthermore, this method offers a clean phosphorus recovery process without the generation of harmful substances.

Selective separation of rhenium from oxygen-pressure leach solution of molybdenite concentrate using modified D201 resin: Experiments and theoretical calculations

Recovering rhenium from highly acidic rhenium-containing leach solutions is challenging for most resins, particularly in multiplexed systems. Herein, we introduce a scheme for selectively obtaining rhenium from a multielement solution containing high concentrations of sulfuric acid using modified D201 resin. Considering the dosage of resin and parameters such as pH and adsorption temperature, the adsorption efficiencies under optimal conditions for rhenium, molybdenum, iron, and cerium were 97.46 %, 0.38 %, 0.94 %, and 1.10 %, respectively. The selective recovery mechanism of rhenium was investigated by fitting the experimental data to kinetic and adsorption isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models better fit results corresponding to the experimental data, which indicates monolayer chemisorption of ReO4− formed on the resin surface. Meanwhile, various characterizations such as SEM-EDS, FTIR, XPS, etc., indicate that ReO4− initially combines with the protonated −CHN+H2CH2Cl on the modified resin surface and then undergoes ion exchange reaction with doped Cl−. Furthermore, because of the diverse forms and similar properties of molybdenum and rhenium ions in acidic solutions, a theoretical model based on density functional theory was used to simulate the selective adsorption process in leach solution with a pH of 1.7. The simulation results demonstrate a highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap, observed in the following order: ΔEMoO22+ = ΔEReO4− < ΔEMoO42− < ΔEMo7O246−, which implies that MoO22+ and ReO4− were most likely to transition from their ground states to excited states and react with the electron donor and acceptor groups, respectively. Compared with MoO42−, ReO4− is more likely to react with the electron acceptor group and provides the corresponding methods and a theoretical reference for selective separation of rhenium in multielement solutions.

Biliary atresia: insights into mechanisms using a toxic model of the disease including Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways and microtubules.

Mechanisms underlying bile duct injury in biliary atresia (BA) remain unclear and mechanisms of bile duct repair are unknown. This study aimed to explore the roles of microtubule instability and Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways in a biliatresone-induced BA model. Using primary murine neonatal cholangiocytes in both 2D and 3D cultures, and ex-vivo extra hepatic bile ducts (EHBD) which also has peri-cholangiocyte area, we analyzed injury and recovery processes. Injury was induced by the toxin biliatresone and recovery was induced by toxin wash-out. Microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel prevented biliatresone-induced injury, both to cholangiocytes as well as reduced periductal αSMA stain, this process is mediated by decreased glutathione levels. RhoU and Wnt11 (Wnt signaling) and Pard6g and Amotl1 (Hippo signaling) are involved in both injury and recovery processes, with the latter acting upstream to Wnt signaling. Early stages of biliatresone-induced EHBD injury in cholangiocytes and periductal structures are reversible. Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways play crucial roles in injury and recovery, providing insights into BA injury mechanisms and potential recovery avenues. Microtubule stabilization prevents cholangiocyte injury and lumen obstruction in a toxic model of biliary atresia (biliatresone induced). Early stages of biliatresone-induced injury, affecting both cholangiocytes and periductal structures, are reversible. Both Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways play a crucial role in bile duct injury and recovery, with a noted interplay between the two. Understanding mechanisms of cholangiocyte recovery is imperative to unveil potential therapeutic avenues.

Effect of TiB2 particles on dynamic recrystallization in TiB2-reinforced Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr during hot compression

We investigated the microstructure evolution of a 6 wt% TiB2-reinforced Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr composite subjected to hot compression at temperatures within the range 370 °C–490 °C, at strain rates between 0.001 s−1 and 10 s−1. The microstructure evolution was characterized by electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms were analyzed, with a focus on nucleation at original grain boundaries and TiB2 particles. The results show that recovery is the main dynamic softening mechanism due to the high dislocation mobility in the Al matrix. However, low temperature and high strain rate results in a large number of small recrystallized grains, whereas high temperature and low strain rate results in a few large recrystallized grains. Dynamic recrystallization is mainly attributed to particle-stimulated nucleation occurring near TiB2 particles/clusters, especially TiB2 particles/clusters at grain boundaries. Relations between the observed dynamic recrystallization and the Zener-Hollomon parameter are discussed.

Hot compression deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si alloy

The hot compression tests for as-cast Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si alloy were performed on Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator under temperatures of 350–500 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s−1. Based on the experimental data, a strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model was established by exponential function coupling strain. The hot processing map of Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si alloy was established, and the reasonable processing parameters were obtained. The microstructural evolution and dynamic softening mechanisms of the alloy were analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). A detailed description of the evolution of dislocation and the dislocation density during the deformation process was provided. The results indicate that the softening mechanisms of Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si alloy are dynamic recovery (DRV) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). The dynamic recovery mechanism is related to the cross slip of the screw dislocation. High temperature and low strain rate are conducive the occurrence of CDRX. This study provides comprehensive guidance for the hot processing of Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si alloy from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.

Comparative analysis of radiation-induced effects on the performance of p-type PERC and TOPCon solar cells for space applications

This work presents a comprehensive numerical evaluation of PERC and TOPCon technologies, focusing on the impact of radiation-induced defects. This assessment is conducted for p-type silicon solar cells as they are intrinsically more resistant to radiation defects. By rigorously calibrating recombination parameters, radiation-induced defect profiles, and other pertinent details, a robust basis is established for an in-depth comparison of the performance characteristics displayed by both architectures under space conditions. The investigation reveals that when utilizing substrates with high doping levels, both PERC and TOPCon cells exhibit nearly identical beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) performance. However, with lower substrate doping concentrations, both technologies show improved BOL efficiency. Notably, this enhanced BOL efficiency does not translate into superior EOL efficiency. This distinction in EOL efficiency can be attributed to two primary factors triggered by radiation exposure. Firstly, the emergence of defects leads to a reduction in open-circuit voltage. Secondly, dopant compensation contributes to an increase in series resistance. Specifically, for PERC cells, the challenge of elevated series resistance is further exacerbated by the requirement for majority carriers to traverse both vertically and laterally to reach the rear metal contact. When a robust defect recovery mechanism or resilient cover glass is absent, substrates characterized by lower doping levels display increased susceptibility to the adverse effects of radiation-induced defects and the subsequent dopant compensation. Under these circumstances, the TOPCon technology demonstrates a significant advantage over PERC, particularly for high electron fluence due to its full area contacts for both minority and majority charge carriers.

Solar-Driven membrane reactors with wide temperature range for chemical looping dry reforming of Methane: Concept validation and one-dimensional analysis

Solar thermochemical fuel conversion technology offers a significant potential to mitigate the challenges of intermittency and variability inherent in solar energy utilization. Traditional two-step methane chemical looping processes for fuel production are often hampered by complex apparatus requirements, operational intermittency, and persistent temperature variations, contributing to energy loss. In contrast, the chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CL-DRM) membrane reactor technology, as developed in this study, facilitates continuous fuel synthesis under isothermal conditions. Through the construction and analysis of a one-dimensional + one-dimensional model for a single channel of this innovative reactor, the impact of structural and operational parameters on the reactor performance is elucidated. This model enables a swift prediction of the membrane reactor’s operational efficacy. The results indicate that the reactor sustains a high energy conversion efficiency across a broad temperature spectrum, thereby enhancing its adaptability to the dynamic conditions of solar energy input. Notably, temperature and feed ratio (RCH4/CO2) are pivotal determinants of the conversion rate and the concentration of products. At a temperature of 1000 °C, with an optimal RCH4/CO2 ratio of 1, the efficiency is projected to attain 78 %, considering heat dissipation and thermal recovery mechanisms. These results underscore the promise of the solar-driven CL-DRM membrane reactor as a viable and efficient method for solar fuel production. This study provides a new perspective on the design of continuous solar fuel conversion reactors.

Giant Effect of CO2 Injection on Multiphase Fluid Adsorption and Shale Gas Production: Evidence from Molecular Dynamics.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in unconventional gas-bearing shale reservoirs is a promising method for enhancing methane recovery efficiency and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of methane is adsorbed within the micropores and nanopores (≤50 nm) of shale, which possess extensive surface areas and abundant adsorption sites for the sequestration system. To comprehensively discover the underlying mechanism of enhanced gas recovery (EGR) through CO2 injection, molecular dynamics (MD) provides a promising way for establishing the shale models to address the multiphase, multicomponent fluid flow behaviors in shale nanopores. This study proposes an innovative method for building a more practical shale matrix model that approaches natural underground environments. The grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method elucidates gas adsorption and sequestration processes in shale gas reservoirs under various subsurface conditions. The findings reveal that previously overlooked pore slits have a significant impact on both gas adsorption and recovery efficiency. Based on the simulation comparisons of absolute and excess uptakes inside the kerogen matrix and the shale slits, it demonstrates that nanopores within the kerogen matrix dominate the gas adsorption while slits dominate the gas storage. Regarding multiphase, multicomponent fluid flow in shale nanopores, moisture negatively influences gas adsorption and carbon storage while promoting methane recovery efficiency by CO2 injection. Additionally, saline solution and ethane further impede gas adsorption while facilitating displacement. Overall, this work elucidates the substantial effect of CO2 injection on fluid transport in shale formations and advances the comprehensive understanding of microscopic gas flow and recovery mechanisms with atomic precision for low-carbon energy development.

TortoiseBFT: An asynchronous consensus algorithm for IoT system

Traditional partial synchronous Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) protocols are confronted with new challenges when applied to large-scale networks like IoT systems, which bring about rigorous demand for the liveness and consensus efficiency of BFT protocols in asynchronous network environments. HoneyBadgerBFT is the first practical asynchronous BFT protocol, which employs a reliable broadcast protocol (RBC) to broadcast transactions and an asynchronous binary agreement protocol (ABA) to determine whether transactions should be committed. DumboBFT is a follow-up proposal that requires fewer instances of ABA and achieves higher throughput than HoneyBadgerBFT, but it does not optimize the communication overhead of HoneyBadgerBFT.In this paper, we propose TortoiseBFT, a high-performance asynchronous BFT protocol with three stages. We can significantly reduce communication overhead by determining the order of transactions first and requesting missing transactions after. Our two-phase transaction recovery mechanism enables nodes to recover missing transactions by seeking help from 2f+1 nodes. To improve the overall throughput of the system, we lower the verification overhead of threshold signatures in HoneyBadgerBFT, DumboBFT, and DispersedLedger from On3 to On2. We develop a node reputation model that selects producers with stable network conditions, which helps to reduce the number of random lotteries. Experimental results show that TortoiseBFT improves system throughput, reduces transaction delays, and minimizes communication overhead compared to HoneyBadgerBFT, DumboBFT, and DispersedLedger.

Impact of Non-Performing Assets on Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Primary Agricultural Development Banks in Punjab

This paper investigates the impact of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) on the financial performance of Primary Agricultural Development Banks (PADBs) in Punjab. Utilizing financial data from 2010 to 2020, the study employs a panel regression model to analyse how NPAs affect key financial metrics. The results demonstrate a significant negative correlation between NPAs and financial performance indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), highlighting the detrimental effects of high NPA levels on PADBs' financial health. It underscores the need for robust risk management practices, enhanced governance, and effective recovery mechanisms to mitigate the impact of NPAs. The findings suggest that addressing these challenges through targeted reforms and aligning PADBs with broader financial sector improvements is crucial for sustaining agricultural development and economic stability in Punjab. Keywords: NPAs, PADBs, Financial Performance, Risk Management, Agricultural Policies

Polarity-Induced Reactive Wetting: Spreading and Retracting Sessile Water Drops.

Wetting is typically defined by the relative liquid to solid surface tension/energy, which are composed of polar and nonpolar subcontributions. Current studies often assume that they remain invariant, that is, surfaces are wetting-inert. Complex wetting scenarios, such as adaptive or reactive wetting processes, may involve time-dependent variations in interfacial energies. To maximize differences in energetic states, we employ low-energy perfluoroalkyls integrated with high-energy silica-based polar moieties grown on low-energy polydimethylsiloxane. To this end, we tune the hydrophilic-like wettability on these perfluoroalkyl-silica-polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. Drop contact behaviors range from invariantly hydrophobic at ca. 110° to rapidly spreading at ca. 0° within 5 s. Unintuitively, these vapor-grown surfaces transit toward greater hydrophilicity with increasing perfluoroalkyl deposition. Notably, this occurs as sequential silica-and-perfluoroalkyl deposition also leaves behind embedded polar moieties. We highlight how surfaces having such chemical heterogeneity are inherently wetting-reactive. By creating an abrupt wetting transition composed of reactive and inert domains, we introduce spatial dependency. Drops contacting the transition spread before retracting, occurring over the time scale of a few seconds. This phenomenon contradicts current understanding, exhibiting a uniquely (1) decreasing advancing contact angle and (2) increasing receding contact angle. To explain the behavior, we model such time- and space- dependent reactive wetting using first order kinetics. In doing so, we explore how reactive and recovery mechanisms govern the characteristic time scales of spreading and retracting sessile drops.

Analysis and Application of Chaotic Genetic Algorithm Based on Network Security in The Research of Resilience of Cluster Networks

With the wide application of UAV, in the actual flight process, UAV needs to calculate the safe path according to its own position, environment, obstacles and other information. Due to the complex and changeable scene and environment of UAV mission execution, it is very important to select an appropriate UAV path planning algorithm. This paper aims at the path planning problem of multiple UAVs in a complex three-dimensional environment to ensure that multiple UAVs reach the mission location from different angles. Taking the chaotic genetic algorithm in network security protection as the main body, the operation difficulty of the algorithm is reduced, and the solution speed and accuracy of the algorithm are improved. The path length obtained by the proposed algorithm is 8.4% less than that of the ABC algorithm, 11.3% less than that of the PSO algorithm, and 4.2% less than that of the BABC algorithm. The system running time of the improved algorithm is also reduced by 27% to 45% compared with other algorithms. In terms of unmanned cooperation, this paper proposes a system capability based on network modeling to improve the cooperative combat capability of multiple UAVs. By establishing a network model, information sharing, collaborative decision-making and collaborative decision-making between drones are realized, thereby improving the effectiveness of the entire system. At the same time, this paper also considers the problem of network survivability. By introducing redundant design and fault recovery mechanism, the robustness and reliability of the system are enhanced.

Optimal allocation of financial resources for ensuring reliable resilience in binary-state network infrastructure

In the dynamic landscape of network infrastructures, safeguarding resilience in binary-state systems has emerged as a focal point. This study delves into optimal financial resource allocation strategies to ensure that binary-state networks exhibit consistent and dependable recovery capabilities in the face of adversities, while satisfying the required reliability. Through a comprehensive exploration, we underscore the significance of resilience that is not only robust but also reliable and capable of surviving consecutive breakdowns. By zeroing in on binary-state networks, typified by their components exhibiting either operational or non-operational states, we elucidate strategic measures to fortify their intrinsic recovery mechanisms. Our research introduces a pioneering perspective on the imperative of astute resource distribution to achieve unyielding and trustworthy recovery processes amidst network disturbances. Furthermore, we present an innovative algorithm grounded in the binary-addition-tree algorithm (BAT) and stepwise vectors to adeptly address the problem. This study contributes to the discourse on reliable resilience, a novel form of resilience that enables a system to repeatedly recover from a series of unexpected failures, all within a limited and fixed recovery budget, while maintaining a required reliability and consistency in performance.

Bridging the performance gap between passive and autonomous inflow control devices with a hybrid dynamic optimization technique integrating machine learning and global sensitivity analysis

Wells equipped with flow control devices across their completion intervals have become a proven field development option for geologically complex and/or viscous oil reservoirs. Such wells increase oil recovery, reduce water and gas production, minimize the need for well workover operations, and subsequently lower the wells' carbon footprint. The uncontrolled types of inflow control devices include early-generation passive inflow control devices (ICDs) and later-generation autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs). The superior performance of AICDs over ICDs in managing water and gas production, as well as enhancing the overall well and reservoir performance has been demonstrated in multiple research and case studies. This superiority stems from the AICDs’ ability to self-adjust and increase their flow resistance when undesired fluids (i.e., water and/or gas) flow through them. While ICDs lack this self-adjusting feature, they are more affordable and more readily available on the market.This study aims to reduce the performance gap between passive and autonomous inflow control devices by developing a hybrid dynamic optimization technique. This approach integrates a metaheuristic algorithm, machine learning, global sensitivity analysis, and correlation measures to facilitate the optimization problem by identifying the high-impact control variables. Next, the proposed workflow finds the necessary adjustments to the original well completion design by modifying the high-impact control variables during the optimization process. This results in a modified well completion design that is less influenced by the type of inflow control device (passive or autonomous), thereby bridging the performance gap between these two completion types.The study employs a benchmark ‘Egg field’ model, featuring two multilateral wells (MLWs) producing under a water flooding recovery mechanism. Two different completion designs, utilizing either ICDs or AICDs, are optimized using standard optimization (SO) and the proposed hybrid dynamic optimization techniques. The standard optimization, which employs a standalone Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, highlights, as expected, the superiority of the AICD-based completion, yielding an approximately 13% increase in the net present value (NPV) over the ICD-based completion. However, when applying the hybrid optimization (HO) technique, this difference is significantly reduced to 3.4%. This indicates the potential for the hybrid optimization technique to make ICD-based completions more competitive and economically favourable compared to their AICD-based counterparts.

Combining Thermal Effect and Mobility Control Mechanism to Reduce Water Cut in a Sandstone Reservoir in Kazakhstan.

The application of polymer flooding is currently under investigation to control water cut and recover residual oil from a giant sandstone reservoir in Kazakhstan, where the water cut in most producers exceeds 90%, leaving substantial untouched oil in the porous media. The primary objective of this research is to explore the feasibility of a novel approach that combines the mechanisms of mobility control by polymer injection and the thermal effects, such as oil viscosity reduction, by utilizing hot water to prepare the polymer solution. This innovative hybrid method's impact on parameters like oil recovery, resistance factor, and mobility was measured and analyzed. The research involved an oil displacement study conducted by injecting a hot polymer at a temperature of 85 °C, which is higher than the reservoir temperature. Incremental recovery achieved through hot polymer injection was then compared to the recovery by conventional polymer flooding and the conventional surfactant-polymer-enhanced oil recovery techniques. The governing mechanisms behind recovery, including reductions in oil viscosity, alterations in polymer rheology, and effective mobility control, were systematically studied to comprehend the influence of this proposed approach on sweep efficiency. Given the substantial volume of residual oil within the studied reservoir, the primary objective is to improve the sweep efficiency as much as possible. Conventional polymer flooding demonstrated a moderate incremental oil recovery rate of approximately 48%. However, with the implementation of the new hybrid method, the recovery rate increased to more than 52%, reflecting a 4% improvement. Despite the polymer's lower viscosity during hot polymer flooding, which was observed by the lower pressure drop in contrast to the conventional polymer flooding scenario, the recovery factor was higher. This discrepancy indicates that while polymer viscosity decreases, the activation of other oil displacement mechanisms contributes to higher oil production. Applying hybrid enhanced oil recovery mechanisms presents an opportunity to reduce project costs. For instance, achieving comparable results with lower chemical concentrations is of practical significance. The potential impact of this work on enhancing the profitability of chemically enhanced oil recovery within the sandstone reservoir under study is critical.

Asset Recovery via Non-Conviction based Forfeiture: Rationale for Regulation and Recommendations for Implementation in Vietnam

Abstract Recovering stolen assets through non-conviction based forfeiture is one of eight avenues for asset recovery due to corruption outlined in the United Nations Convention against Corruption. Implementing legislative measures to confiscate criminal property through non-conviction based forfeiture is among the 40 recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force. Vietnam formally signed the United Nations Convention against Corruption in 2003 and, while holding an associate membership status in the Financial Action Task Force, Vietnamese legislation lacks provisions enabling the application of this measure. The magnitude of financial and asset losses attributable to corruption remains substantial, rendering existing legal mechanisms ineffectual. Limited success of asset recovery through criminal judgments were taken into account nonetheless, the current national situation calls for more stringent and emergent practices. Grounded in understanding the efficacy of non-conviction based asset recovery mechanisms, this research paper underscores the necessity for Vietnamese law to incorporate such provisions to combat corrupt practices and proposes actionable recommendations for its adoption. The study seeks to enhance Vietnam’s legal framework concerning asset recovery methodologies for more favorable outcomes in the future. Furthermore, it aims to serve as a credible resource for the global academic community, shedding light on Vietnam’s legal landscape and anti-corruption efforts. The findings of this study also benefit developing nations, particularly those in the process of formulating regulations about non-conviction based asset recovery measures.