Recovery Dynamics Research Articles

Supplementation-induced change in muscle carnosine is paralleled by changes in muscle metabolism, protein glycation and reactive carbonyl species sequestering.

Carnosine is a performance-enhancing food supplement with a potential to modulate muscle energy metabolism and toxic metabolites disposal. In this study we explored interrelations between carnosine supplementation (2 g/day, 12 weeks) induced effects on carnosine muscle loading and parallel changes in (i) muscle energy metabolism, (ii) serum albumin glycation and (iii) reactive carbonyl species sequestering in twelve (M/F=10/2) sedentary, overweight-to-obese (BMI: 30.0+/-2.7 kg/m2) adults (40.1+/-6.2 years). Muscle carnosine concentration (Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; 1H-MRS), dynamics of muscle energy metabolism (Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; 31P-MRS), body composition (Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRI), resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), glucose tolerance (oGTT), habitual physical activity (accelerometers), serum carnosine and carnosinase-1 content/activity (ELISA), albumin glycation, urinary carnosine and carnosine-propanal concentration (mass spectrometry) were measured. Supplementation-induced increase in muscle carnosine was paralleled by improved dynamics of muscle post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery, decreased serum albumin glycation and enhanced urinary carnosine-propanal excretion (all p<0.05). Magnitude of supplementation-induced muscle carnosine accumulation was higher in individuals with lower baseline muscle carnosine, who had lower BMI, higher physical activity level, lower resting intramuscular pH, but similar muscle mass and dietary protein preference. Level of supplementation-induced increase in muscle carnosine correlated with reduction of protein glycation, increase in reactive carbonyl species sequestering, and acceleration of muscle post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery.

Dynamic of Mining Systems: Impact of Cl− Ion Concentration on Heap Copper Leaching Process at Industrial Scale

Analytical models are of vital importance to study the dynamics of complex systems, including the heap leaching process. In this work, a methodology to study the dynamics of copper recovery in the heap leaching by means of fit of analytical models that capture the leaching dynamics product of variations of leaching agents as a function of the feeding is proposed, establishing a first mode of operation keeping the leaching agent fixed (H2SO4) and a second operation mode, where Cl− is added to accelerate the reaction kinetics of sulfide minerals (secondary sulfides). Mineral recovery was modeled for the different modes of operation, dependent on the independent variables/control parameters time, heap height, leach flow rate, and feed granulometry. The results indicate that the recovery of ore from sulfide minerals is proportional to the addition of Cl−, reaching recovery levels of approximately 60%, very close to 65% recovery in conventional oxide leaching, using only H2SO4 as leaching agent. Additionally, high copper recoveries from sulfide ores are achieved at medium Cl− concentrations, but the increase in recovery at high Cl− concentrations is marginal.

Effects of forest management practices on carbon dynamics of China's boreal forests under changing climates

Climate change and forest management practices influence forest productivity and carbon budgets, and understanding their interactions is necessary to develop accurate predictions of carbon dynamics as many countries in the world strive towards carbon neutrality. Here, we developed a model-coupling framework to simulate the carbon dynamics of boreal forests in China. The expected dynamics of forest recovery and change following intense timber harvesting in the recent past and projected carbon dynamics into the future under different climate change scenarios and forest management practices (e.g., restoration, afforestation, tending, and fuel management). We predict that under current management strategies, climate change would lead to increased fire frequency and intensity, eventually shifting these forests from carbon sinks towards being carbon sources. This study suggests that future boreal forest management should be altered to reduce the probability of fire occurrence and carbon losses caused by catastrophic fires through planting deciduous species, mechanical removal, and prescribed fire.

The difference in serum testosterone recovery between Gn-RH Antagonist and LH-RH agonist among patients with prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy.

382 Background: Only limited data exist related to the serum testosterone (TST) recovery after discontinuation of Gn-RH antagonist (Degarelix acetate). In the present study, we investigated the difference in serum testosterone (TST) recovery between LH-RH agonist and Gn-RH antagonist among prostate cancer (Pca) patients received radiation therapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods: We analyzed the association between TST levels after the end of endocrine therapy and clinical factors in 130 patients who underwent ADT for prostate cancer at Chiba University hospital between May 2003 and May 2020. The proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier methods were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The median patient age and PSA were 72 years, and 16.8ng/mL, respectively. The median initial TST and nadir TST were 457 ng/dL, and 20ng/dL, respectively. The median duration of ADT was 857 days. As factors affect the speed of recovery to the castration level (TST 50 ng/dL), univariate analysis showed that Gn-RH antagonist presented the significantly shorter TST recovery compared to those of LH-RH agonist (HR 1.9, p=0.0078), together with the duration of hormone therapy (857 days) and Nadir TST level (20 ng/dL), GS8 and PSA (16.8ng/mL). Multivariate analysis showed that Nadir TST level was an independent predictor (HR 2.0, p=0.0093). As factors affect the speed of recovery to the physiological level (TST 200 ng/dL), univariate analysis showed that Gn-RH antagonist presented the significantly shorter TST recovery compared to those of LH-RH agonist (HR 2.1, p=0.0064). Multivariate analysis showed that duration was the only independent predictor (HR0.34, p=0.0029). Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated shorter time for the TST recovery in Gn-RH antagonist compared to the LH-RH agonist for the castration level (p=0.0064) and the physiological level (p=0.0052). Conclusions: TST recoveries were significantly shorter in Pca patients treated with Gn-RH antagonist than LH-RH agonist. Nadir TST value, duration, and a type of LH-RH drug may comprehensively suggest us the dynamics of TST recovery after ADT. [Table: see text]

Gain recovery dynamics in active type-II semiconductor heterostructures

Type-II heterostructures as active layers for semiconductor laser devices combine the advantages of a spectrally broad, temperature stable, and efficient gain with the potential for electrical injection pumping. Their intrinsic charge carrier relaxation dynamics limit the maximum achievable repetition rates beyond any constraints of cavity design or heat dissipation. Of particular interest are the initial build up of gain after high-energy injection and the gain recovery dynamics following depletion through a stimulated emission process. The latter simulates the operation condition of a pulsed laser or semiconductor optical amplifier. An optical pump pulse injects hot charge carriers that eventually build up broad spectral gain in a model (Ga,In)As/GaAs/Ga(As,Sb) heterostructure. The surplus energies of the optical pump mimic the electron energies typical for electrical injection. Subsequently, a second laser pulse tuned to the broad spectral gain region depletes the population inversion through stimulated emission. The spectrally resolved nonlinear transmission dynamics reveal gain recovery times as fast as 5 ps. These data define the intrinsic limit for the highest laser repetition rate possible with this material system in the range of 100 GHz. The experimental results are analyzed using a microscopic many-body theory identifying the origins of the broad gain spectrum.

A discrete model for the evaluation of public policies: The case of Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In mathematical epidemiology, it is usual to implement compartmental models to study the transmission of diseases, allowing comprehension of the outbreak dynamics. Thus, it is necessary to identify the natural history of the disease and to establish promissory relations between the structure of a mathematical model, as well as its parameters, with control-related strategies (real interventions) and relevant socio-cultural behaviors. However, we identified gaps between the model creation and its implementation for the use of decision-makers for policy design. We aim to cover these gaps by proposing a discrete mathematical model with parameters having intuitive meaning to be implemented to help decision-makers in control policy design. The model considers novel contagion probabilities, quarantine, and diffusion processes to represent the recovery and mortality dynamics. We applied mathematical model for COVID-19 to Colombia and some of its localities; moreover, the model structure could be adapted for other diseases. Subsequently, we implemented it on a web platform (MathCOVID) for the usage of decision-makers to simulate the effect of policies such as lock-downs, social distancing, identification in the contagion network, and connectivity among populations. Furthermore, it was possible to assess the effects of migration and vaccination strategies as time-dependent inputs. Finally, the platform was capable of simulating the effects of applying one or more policies simultaneously.

Interfacial Coordination Bonding-Assisted Redox Mechanism-Driven Highly Selective Precious Metal Recovery on Covalent-Functionalized Ultrathin 1T-MoS2.

Rational design of functional material interfaces with well-defined physico-chemical-driven forces is crucial for achieving highly efficient interfacial chemical reaction dynamics for resource recovery. Herein, via an interfacial structure engineering strategy, precious metal (PM) coordination-active pyridine groups have been successfully covalently integrated into ultrathin 1T-MoS2 (Py-MoS2). The constructed Py-MoS2 shows highly selective interfacial coordination bonding-assisted redox (ICBAR) functionality toward PM recycling. Py-MoS2 shows state-of-the-art high recovery selectivity toward Au3+ and Pd4+ within 13 metal cation mixture solutions. The related recycling capacity reaches up to 3343.00 and 2330.74 mg/g for Au3+ and Pd4+, respectively. More importantly, above 90% recovery efficiencies have been achieved in representative PMs containing electronic solid waste leachate, such as computer processing units (CPU) and spent catalysts. The ICBAR mechanism developed here paves the way for interface engineering of the well-documented functional materials toward highly efficient PM recovery.

Conditional Ablation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors from Cochlear Supporting Cells Reveals Their Differential Roles for Hearing Sensitivity and Dynamics of Recovery from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

Endogenous glucocorticoids (GC) are known to modulate basic elements of cochlear physiology. These include both noise-induced injury and circadian rhythms. While GC signaling in the cochlea can directly influence auditory transduction via actions on hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, evidence also indicates that GC signaling exerts effects via tissue homeostatic processes that can include effects on cochlear immunomodulation. GCs act at both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Most cell types in the cochlea express both receptors sensitive to GCs. The GR is associated with acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) through its effects on both gene expression and immunomodulatory programs. The MR has been associated with age-related hearing loss through dysfunction of ionic homeostatic balance. Cochlear supporting cells maintain local homeostatic requirements, are sensitive to perturbation, and participate in inflammatory signaling. Here, we have used conditional gene manipulation techniques to target Nr3c1 (GR) or Nr3c2 (MR) for tamoxifen-induced gene ablation in Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells of adult mice to investigate whether either of the receptors sensitive to GCs plays a role in protecting against (or exacerbating) noise-induced cochlear damage. We have selected mild intensity noise exposure to examine the role of these receptors related to more commonly experienced noise levels. Our results reveal distinct roles of these GC receptors for both basal auditory thresholds prior to noise exposure and during recovery from mild noise exposure. Prior to noise exposure, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured in mice carrying the floxed allele of interest and the Cre recombinase transgene, but not receiving tamoxifen injections (defined as control (no tamoxifen treatment), versus conditional knockout (cKO) mice, defined as mice having received tamoxifen injections. Results revealed hypersensitive thresholds to mid- to low-frequencies after tamoxifen-induced GR ablation from Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells compared to control (no tamoxifen) mice. GR ablation from Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells resulted in a permanent threshold shift in mid-basal cochlear frequency regions after mild noise exposure that produced only a temporary threshold shift in both control (no tamoxifen) f/fGR:Sox9iCre+ and heterozygous f/+GR:Sox9iCre+ tamoxifen-treated mice. A similar comparison of basal ABRs measured in control (no tamoxifen) and tamoxifen-treated, floxed MR mice prior to noise exposure indicated no difference in baseline thresholds. After mild noise exposure, MR ablation was initially associated with a complete threshold recovery at 22.6 kHz by 3 days post-noise. Threshold continued to shift to higher sensitivity over time such that by 30 days post-noise exposure the 22.6 kHz ABR threshold was 10 dB more sensitive than baseline. Further, MR ablation produced a temporary reduction in peak 1 neural amplitude one day post-noise. While supporting cell GR ablation trended towards reducing numbers of ribbon synapses, MR ablation reduced ribbon synapse counts but did not exacerbate noise-induced damage including synapse loss at the experimental endpoint. GR ablation from the targeted supporting cells increased the basal resting number of Iba1-positive (innate) immune cells (no noise exposure) and decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells seven days following noise exposure. MR ablation did not alter innate immune cell numbers at seven days post-noise exposure. Taken together, these findings support differential roles of cochlear supporting cell MR and GR expression at basal, resting conditions and especially during recovery from noise exposure.

Passive acoustic monitoring provides a fresh perspective on fundamental ecological questions

Abstract Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has emerged as a transformative tool for applied ecology, conservation and biodiversity monitoring, but its potential contribution to fundamental ecology is less often discussed, and fundamental PAM studies tend to be descriptive, rather than mechanistic. Here, we chart the most promising directions for ecologists wishing to use the suite of currently available acoustic methods to address long‐standing fundamental questions in ecology and explore new avenues of research. In both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, PAM provides an opportunity to ask questions across multiple spatial scales and at fine temporal resolution, and to capture phenomena or species that are difficult to observe. In combination with traditional approaches to data collection, PAM could release ecologists from myriad limitations that have, at times, precluded mechanistic understanding. We discuss several case studies to demonstrate the potential contribution of PAM to biodiversity estimation, population trend analysis, assessing climate change impacts on phenology and distribution, and understanding disturbance and recovery dynamics. We also highlight what is on the horizon for PAM, in terms of near‐future technological and methodological developments that have the potential to provide advances in coming years. Overall, we illustrate how ecologists can harness the power of PAM to address fundamental ecological questions in an era of ecology no longer characterised by data limitation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Macrozoobenthos as an indicator of habitat suitability for intertidal seagrass

Seagrass meadows form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly declining on a global scale. To conserve and restore these key-ecosystems, improved understanding of drivers behind seagrass presence and recovery is needed. Many animals are known to both facilitate and inhibit seagrasses, but biotic factors are still rarely used as indicators of seagrass presence. Hence, we investigate if macrozoobenthos could be used as an indicator for intertidal seagrass (Zostera marina and Zostera noltii) habitat suitability in the international Wadden Sea. Additionally, we explore if macrozoobenthos can explain the differing seagrass recovery rates that have been observed between the Northern (Denmark and Schleswig Holstein) and Southern (Lower Saxony and Netherlands) regions of the Wadden Sea. To achieve this, we performed a Wadden Sea-wide survey at 36 intertidal locations, across three countries, and investigated the importance of 21 abiotic and biotic variables in explaining the presence and absence of intertidal seagrasses. Seagrass presence or absence could be reliably predicted (prediction error: 16.7%) with a multivariate logistic regression with only four variables; chlorophyll a, bivalve, ragworm and mudsnail biomass. We also found higher chlorophyll concentrations and ragworm biomass in the South compared to the Northern Wadden Sea, suggesting that eutrophication and associated community shifts might still inhibit seagrass recovery in the South. Our findings highlight the potential of using macrozoobenthos as indicators for seagrass habitat suitability. In areas, like the Dutch Wadden Sea, where macrozoobenthic surveys are common and where benthic data is readily available, our findings can be used to improve the understanding of seagrass recovery dynamics and the selection of suitable seagrass restoration sites.

Recovery Dynamics in Patients with Ischemic Stroke Depending on the Blood Pressure Indicators and Its Variability

The study aims to neurological and functional recovery in patients after ischemic stroke depending on blood pressure (BP) parameters and its variability.Materials and methods: We examined 150 patients with ischemic stroke and arterial hypertension (AH) who were hospitalized in the neurological department (76 (50,7 %) men and 74 (49,3 %) women, mean age 67,4±7,3 years). All patients underwent standard physical and laboratory examinations, measurement of blood pressure in dynamics; The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of neurological deficits at the time of admission to the hospital, in the dynamics of the acute period (up to 21 days) and on the 21st day.Results: It was found that the consequences of the acute period of stroke depend on the level of blood pressure and its variability at the beginning of the ac ute period. A more than 50 percent probability of a decrease in the NIHSS score by half (from baseline) is predicted if the patient has a standard deviation (SD) systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 12,4 mm Hg on days 1–3. In addition, SD SBP on days 1–3 and 1–6 days, and SD diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from 1 to 3 days are the most significant in assessing the relationship with the degree of functional impairment at the end of the acute period of stroke.Conclusion: The level of blood pressure and its variability during the acute period of ischemic stroke makes it possible to predict the severity of the neurological deficit and the functional consequences of stroke in the recovery period (up to 21 days).

Bacterial filaments recover by successive and accelerated asymmetric divisions that allow rapid post-stress cell proliferation.

Filamentation is a reversible morphological change triggered in response to various stresses that bacteria might encounter in the environment, during host infection or antibiotic treatments. Here we re-visit the dynamics of filament formation and recovery using a consistent framework based on live-cells microscopy. We compare the fate of filamentous Escherichia coli induced by cephalexin that inhibits cell division or by UV-induced DNA-damage that additionally perturbs chromosome segregation. We show that both filament types recover by successive and accelerated rounds of divisions that preferentially occur at the filaments' tip, thus resulting in the rapid production of multiple daughter cells with tightly regulated size. The DNA content, viability and further division of the daughter cells essentially depends on the coordination between chromosome segregation and division within the mother filament. Septum positioning at the filaments' tip depends on the Min system, while the nucleoid occlusion protein SlmA regulates the timing of division to prevent septum closure on unsegregated chromosomes. Our results not only recapitulate earlier conclusions but provide a higher level of detail regarding filaments division and the fate of the daughter cells. Together with previous reports, this work uncovers how filamentation recovery allows for a rapid cell proliferation after stress treatment.

Differences in color fading and recovery under sustained fixation.

More than two centuries ago, Swiss philosopher I. P. V. Troxler announced in 1804 that fixated images fade away during normal vision. Since this declaration, the phenomenon now known as Troxler fading has become the subject of intensive research. Many researchers were eager to find out why we experience image fading and under what conditions image restoration happens. Here, we investigated the dynamics of color stimulus fading and recovery under sustained eye fixation. The objective of the experiments was to find out which colors fade and recover faster under isoluminant conditions. The stimuli were eight blurred color rings extending to 13° in size. Four unique colors (red, yellow, green, and blue) and four intermediate colors (magenta, cyan, yellow-green, and orange) were used. Stimuli were displayed on a computer monitor with a gray background and were isoluminant to the background. The presentation of the stimulus lasted 2min and subjects were required to look at the fixation point in the middle of the ring and suppress eye movements. The task for subjects was to report the moments of change in the stimulus visibility by four stages of stimulus completeness. We found that all investigated colors undergo fading and recovery cycles during 2min of observation. The data suggest that magenta and cyan colors have faster stimulus fading and undergo more recovery cycles, while longer wavelength colors slow down stimulus fading.

A study of genetic variants in patients with ischemic stroke in human rat gene orthologues

To study the associations of nine genetic variants with the risk and dynamics of recovery (outcome) of ischemic stroke (IS) using the developed protocol for the search for genomic markers based on a bioinformatic approach to the study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human orthologues of rat genes differentially expressed under conditions of induced cerebral ischemia. We identified and analyzed nine SNPs in 553 Russians (331 IS patients and 222 controls). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess stroke severity. Functional recovery after stroke was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). The principles of selection of polymorphic markers analyzed in the study were determined according to the protocol developed by us earlier. Selected SNP tags were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) TaqMan. The relationship of SNP with both the risk of IS and the dynamics of its recovery was investigated. SNP rs66782529 (LGALS3) was associated with negative IS outcomes (p=0.048). SNPs rs62278647 and rs2316710 (PTX3) were significantly associated with IS risk (p=0.000029 and p=0.0025, respectively). The associations for rs62278647 and rs2316710 were found only in females, suggesting a gender-related PTX3 polymorphism. This study not only reveals some new genetic links to IS and its consequences, but also shows how the study of gene variations in a rat model of cerebral ischemia can be useful in the search for genetic markers of this disease in humans.

Stock-recruitment relationships in pocilloporid corals are likely disrupted by thermal stress

Pocilloporids have short larval dispersal—an important mechanism in creating localized stock-recruitment relationships, whereby the rate of recruitment increases with size of the adult stock. Therefore, population recovery can occur quickly from even a small source. Here, we explore the existence of a stock-recruitment pattern in brooding species (Pocilloporidae) across 10 sites, separated by about 500 m, within a semi-continuous reef system spanning 4 km, in the east of Palau, Micronesia. Twenty settlement tile structures were deployed at each site for two consecutive years (2020–2021), and the nearby benthic community was assessed using photo quadrats. Brooding pocilloporid cover and settlement decreased significantly in 2021, by 0.6-fold and 0.4-fold respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for both). A positive stock-recruitment relationship between adult brooder cover and settlement was identified in 2020 (GLMM: P &lt; 0.001), but in 2021 this relationship was no longer significant (GLMM: P = 0.58). In late 2020, the reef was impacted by a modest bleaching event, which led to a 2.5-fold increase in the cover of dead corals in 2021 (GLMM: P &lt; 0.001). We calculated the proportion of newly dead coral in 2021 to obtain a bleaching stress index for every site. Pocilloporid settlement in 2021 was significantly negatively correlated to the stress index (R = −0.42, P = 0.05). Our results identify a stock-recruitment relationship in brooding corals at the scale of sites and are consistent with studies on thermal stress impacts on coral fecundity and reproductive output. Given that brooders are increasing their dominance on coral reefs, understanding their recovery dynamics will help us identify locations where interventions might be prioritized.

Тенденции экономического развития в странах СВА-3 (КНР, Япония, Республика Корея) в 2022–2023 гг.: влияние геополитической напряженности и разнородных рисков

The article shows trends and problems in economic development in the NEA countries (PRC, Japan, the Republic of Korea) in the post-pandemic period (2022-23). It was argued that during the period under review, the recovery dynamics and development trends of the NEA economies were invariant to geopolitical tensions in the world and were influenced by macroeconomic conditions, as well as sectoral, investment, financial and trade and economic risks of both internal and external nature. It has been showed that at the turn of 2022–23 the formation of more stable macroeconomic trends in NEA countries took place. In China, a trend is emerging towards a decrease in the rate of economic development to 5% per year. For Japan and the Republic of Korea, factors limiting economic growth rates (not exceeding 2% per year) are overheating of the domestic markets for consumer goods and real estate, a decrease in the positive impact of external interactions on domestic development, as well as the negative demographic dynamics.

Особенности нарушения вестибулярной функции у пациентов с вестибулярным нейронитом

Vestibular VN (VN) is the third most common in the structure of peripheral vestibulopathies. The study of the features of damage to peripheral vestibular receptors in vestibular neuritis using instrumental research methods (video head impulse test, registration of VEMPs) allows us to develop factors associated with the preservation of persistent peripheral vestibular hypofunction after the disease. On the basis of Sverzhevky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology examined 77 patients with vestibular neuritis (age 44,2±12,3 years, of which 37 were men, the duration of the disease until the moment of treatment was 3,2 ±1,7 days). There was a higher prevalence of total VN compared to superior VN (57 and 43%, respectively). Violation of the function of otolith receptors according to the data of registration of VEMPs was recorded in 46% (n = 35) patients with VN. The dynamics of vestibular function recovery in patients with superior VN was better than in patients with total VN (73 and 45%, respectively). Damage to otolith receptors detected by the method of registration of VEMPs was associated with worse dynamics of restoration of vestibular function in patients with vestibular neuronitis (p &lt; 0,05).

Changes in Enzyme Activity in Post-Pyrogenic Soils (Physical Model Experiment)

Presented data on changes in the enzymatic activity of soils under pyrogenic effects in model experiments simulating natural fires. A series of experiments aimed at studying pyrogenic inhibition of enzyme activity and dynamics of their recovery in post-pyrogenic soils were performed under laboratory and natural conditions. The objects of the study were sandy soil (Seropeski, Arenosol) and migratory-segregation black soil (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic, Pachic) Rostov region. Model experiments were carried out by treating soil samples with gas burner flame (amount of heat 87–435 × 103 J) and pyrogenic action of wood fuel combustion (10–279 × 106 J). In the first case, the exposure duration was 1 to 5 min, and in the second case from 1 to 120 min. The response of enzymes (catalase, invertase, urease, peroxidase and phosphatase) to low-temperature plasma exposure (1–120 min) was found to differ depending on the enzyme group and degree of exposure. It was found that the depth of penetration of thermal effects in simulated fires was limited to the top soil layer (0–10 cm), and the radius of spread relative to the combustion source did not exceed 20 cm. Temperature values varied according to time, source of exposure and amount of fuel (400–600°C). Sandy soils and chernozem were heated and cooled down at different rates. The activity of catalase, invertase and urease were found to be inversely related to the intensity of pyrogenic exposure. The dynamics of enzyme activity recovery in post-pyrogenic soils was traced. Invertase activity recovered faster than catalase and urease activity, but full recovery after a year does not occur. The results obtained indicate a significantly prolonged effect of inhibition of enzymatic activity during simulation of natural fires.

КОРРЕКЦИЯ ЦИТОСТАТИЧЕСКОЙ МИЕЛОТОКСИЧНОСТИ ЭКСТРАКТОМ КУЛЬТУРЫ КЛЕТОК БОЛИГОЛОВА ПЯТНИСТОГО

The study aims to analyze furocoumarin extracts isolated from poison hemlock cell culture influencing the correction of cisplatin-caused cytostatic myelosuppression. The experiments were carried out on 160 CD1 female mice weighing 18–25 g. Cytostatic myelosuppression was simulated by administering cisplatin intraperitoneally once at a maximum tolerated dose of 10 mg/kg. The control group received physiological saline injections. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) cell culture extract was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg to prevent the development of disorders. 4 mg/kg of Warfarin Nycomed was used for comparison examination. The correctors were administered intragastrically on the sixth day after cisplatin injected for four days. The indicators were examined on the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 30th days following the administration of cisplatin. The bone marrow and peripheral blood values were examined using the standard method. Statistical analysis was carried out using Stat Plus Pro (build 7.3.0.0). Under conditions of cytostatic myelosuppression caused by the administration of 10 mg/kg (maximum tolerated dose) of cisplatin, the use of the poison hemlock cell culture extract contributes to the restoration of myeloid and erythroid hematopoietic germs, as well as the normalization of bone marrow and peripheral blood values. With increase in the number of mature neutrophils and lymphocytes, erythroblasts, and normoblasts, the total number of myelokaryocytes increased. The content of erythrocytes and leukocytes increased in the peripheral blood as the number of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes increased. The dynamics of hematopoietic sprout recovery with poison hemlock cell culture extract are similar to those of Warfarin.

Features of changes in the value of land plots in the conditions of ensuring food security in Ukraine

The paper studies the peculiarities of changes in the value of land resources in the conditions of ensuring food security of Ukraine. It has been established that the land market is recognized as one of the key components of the agricultural sector and plays an integral role in the formation of the country's food security. It was found that the highest prices for arable land and perennial crops are observed in Kyiv region, hayfields and pastures in Kharkiv region, and pastures in Cherkasy region. It was established that as a result of Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, it was not possible to conclude more than 102 thousand agreements on the purchase and sale of agricultural land on a total area of 282 thousand hectares, with a total cost of UAH 11.5 billion. It was found that the highest activity of purchase and sale of agricultural land is observed primarily in the central regions of Ukraine, where the share of agricultural land in circulation exceeds 1%. It was established that the average price for 1 hectare of land in February 2022 was UAH 33,429 per hectare, and according to the results of May 2022, when deals on the land market began to be concluded again, the price was fixed at the level of UAH 37.4 until August 2022 showed positive dynamics, reaching UAH 43.9 thousand, and in September 2023, the average price was UAH 41,316 per hectare. It is established that the value of agricultural land is gradually increasing, where in 2023 the average price reached 35.4 thousand hryvnias per hectare, which is 13.5% higher than in 2022 and almost 22% higher than in 2021. It was found that the highest land prices are observed in Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regions. It was established that the market capitalization fell, that is, in December 2021, purchase and sale agreements were concluded for 936 million UAH, in August 2022 - for 74.2 million UAH, and in July 2023, we observe positive dynamics of market recovery - agreements were concluded sales by UAH 596.9 million, in August by UAH 611 million and in September by UAH 636 million.