Recording Technology Research Articles

Filming as being, images as evidence

When is film taken as evidence of the past and of truths in the world and when does the content become less significant than the practice of making images itself? The meaning of moving images change as the material and cultural logics and technologies of image production and circulation evolve. In legal and journalistic public discourse, recorded images are meant to be empirical evidence that can hold people accountable for their actions. Video camcorders and then mobile phone cameras democratized recording equipment which in many cases revealed abuses of power. But mobile technologies for recording and circulating film—as well as shifting genres for interpreting them—have also reshaped how audiences understand the veracity of what they see and hear. In shifting attention from content to context, cellphone filming becomes about circulation itself. Rather than a means for gathering evidence (epistemic) it is a sign of presence (ontologic). This has implications for legal cases of sex-gender and racial violence when visual evidence, rather than leading to successful prosecutions, creates defensive outrage amongst the powerful.

Beyond a Lush Life: Representation and Performativity at America's [Only] Queer Jazz Festival

Beyond a Lush Life: Representation and Performativity at America's [Only] Queer Jazz Festival

The relationship between round window and ear canal Cochlear microphonic.

Cochlear microphonic recorded at ear canal (CM-EC) can be a substitute for the one recorded at round window (CM-RW). Almost all clinics do not measure tone-burst evoked CM due to technical difficulty although it can provide more information than click evoked CM. Moreover, clinicians like the CM-EC more than that measured at CM-RW because CM-EC is non-invasive. There is difference between CM-RW and CM-EC, for example, CM-EC is less prominent than CM-RW, therefore, studying tone-burst evoked CM-EC and its relationship with CM-RW are highly significant and can promote the clinical application of CM-EC. Nine guinea pigs were randomly allocated into three groups, group 1 was not exposed to noise, called normal control. group 2 and group 3 were exposed to the low- (0.5-2kHz) and high-frequency band-noise (6-8kHz) at 120 dB SPL for 1h, respectively. It was difficulty to record low-frequency CM due to severe environmental interruption, in current study the recording technology of tone-burst evoked CM was optimized so that tone-burst evoked CM was measured across full speech frequency (0.5-8kHz) in the presence of normal hearing and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). CM-RW and CM-EC were successfully recorded across speech frequency. Significant reduction in CM amplitude was observed at 0.5 and 2kHz in group 2, at 6 and 8kHz in group 3 as compared to group 1, p<.05, indicating that CM amplitude was sensitive to band-noise exposure. Significant correlation between CM-RW and CM-EC was also verified, p<.05. CM-EC is a useful objective test for evaluation of hearing function; the result of current study supports the clinical application of non-invasive CM-EC.

Improving Administration and Documentation of Enteral Nutrition Support Therapy in a Veteran Affairs Health Care System: Use of Medication Administration Record and Bar Code Scanning Technology.

The goal of this project was to evaluate and improve the ordering, administration, documentation, and monitoring of enteral nutrition therapies within the inpatient setting in a Veteran's Health Administration system. An interdisciplinary team of clinicians reviewed the literature for best practices and revised the process for enteral nutrition support for hospitalized veterans. Interventions included training staff, revising workflows to include scanning patients and products, including enteral nutrition orders within the medication administration record (MAR), and using the existing bar code medication administration system for administration, documentation, and monitoring. Baseline and postprocess improvement outcomes over a year period were collected and analyzed for quality improvement opportunities. Before process change, only 60% (33/55) of reviewed enteral nutrition orders were documented and 40% (22/55) were not documented in the intake flowsheet of the electronic health record. In the year after adding enteral nutrition therapies to the MAR and using bar code scanning, a total of 3807 enteral nutrition products were evaluated. One hundred percent of patients were bar code scanned, 3106/3807 (82%) products were documented as given, 447/3807 (12%) were documented as held (with comments), 12/3807 (<1%) were documented as missing/unavailable, and 242/3807 (6%) were documented as refused. Inclusion of enteral nutrition order sets on the MAR and using bar code scanning technology resulted in sustained improvements in safety, administration, and documentation of enteral therapies for hospitalized veterans.

Optimizing the Measurement of 0.5-kHz Cubic Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission.

The measurement of low-frequency cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission, for example, 0.5-kHz cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission, is often severely affected by background noise, and currently 0.5-kHz cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission is not commonly applicable in clinical setting. The fundamental part of current study was the optimization of recording technology to reduce noise interference with the measurement of 0.5-kHz cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission and to establish the response patterns of cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission across speech frequencies from 0.5 to 8kHz in the presence of normal hearing and noise-induced hearing loss. After a series of optimization, a clinically applicable technology of measuring 0.5-kHz cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission was successfully completed via animal model. Cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission was recorded in 6 guinea pigs across speech frequencies from 0.5 to 8kHz before and after exposure to white bandnoise between 0.5 and 2 kHz. After noise exposure, significant reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio of cubic distortion product otoacoustic emission was found at 0.5 and 2 kHz, indicating our recording technology was sensitive and accurate. Other interesting finding was the reduction in cubic distortion product otoacoustic emiss ion-s ignal -to-n oise ratio at 4 and 6 kHz although the reduction was not statistically significant probably because of short exposure time. The result implied that the damaging effect induced by low-frequency noise exposure might spread upward to high-frequency region. Our recording technology was stable and reliable and had the great potentiality to be used in clinical setting.

Optimization of intra-operative electrophysiological localization of the ligament of Marshall.

The ligament of Marshall (LOM) may play a role in the pathophysiology of several tachyarrhythmias and accurate electrophysiological localization of this structure is crucial for effective ablation therapy. This study therefore quantifies electrophysiological properties of the LOM, and identifies which electrogram (EGM) recording (uni- or bipolar) and processing technologies [local activation time (LAT) and/or voltage mapping] are most suitable for accurate localization of the LOM. The LOM was electrophysiologically identified in 19 patients (mean age 66 ± 14 years; 12 male) undergoing elective cardiac surgery using intra-operative high-density epicardial mapping, to quantify and visualize EGM features during sinus rhythm. Only a third of LOM potentials that were visualized using unipolar EGMs, were still visible in bipolar activation maps. Unipolar LOM potentials had lower voltages (P50: LOM: 1.51 (0.42-4.29) mV vs. left atrium (LA): 8.34 (1.50-17.91) mV, p < 0.001), less steep slopes (P50: LOM: -0.48 (-1.96 to -0.17) V/s vs. LA: -1.24 (-2.59 to -0.21) V/s, p < 0.001), and prolonged activation duration (LOM: 20 (7.5-30.5) ms vs. LA: 16.5 (6-28) ms, p = 0.008) compared to LA potentials. Likewise, bipolar LOM voltages were also smaller (P50: LOM: 1.54 (0.48-3.28) mV vs. LA: 3.12 (0.50-7.19) mV, p < 0.001). The LOM was most accurately localized in activation and voltage maps by using unipolar EGMs with annotation of primary deflections in case of single potentials and secondary deflections in case of double or fractionated potentials.

Sound Recording Technology and American Literature: From the Phonograph to the Remix

Sound Recording Technology and American Literature: From the Phonograph to the Remix

Towards the fully automated monitoring of ecological communities.

High-resolution monitoring is fundamental to understand ecosystems dynamics in an era of global change and biodiversity declines. While real-time and automated monitoring of abiotic components has been possible for some time, monitoring biotic components-for example, individual behaviours and traits, and species abundance and distribution-is far more challenging. Recent technological advancements offer potential solutions to achieve this through: (i) increasingly affordable high-throughput recording hardware, which can collect rich multidimensional data, and (ii) increasingly accessible artificial intelligence approaches, which can extract ecological knowledge from large datasets. However, automating the monitoring of facets of ecological communities via such technologies has primarily been achieved at low spatiotemporal resolutions within limited steps of the monitoring workflow. Here, we review existing technologies for data recording and processing that enable automated monitoring of ecological communities. We then present novel frameworks that combine such technologies, forming fully automated pipelines to detect, track, classify and count multiple species, and record behavioural and morphological traits, at resolutions which have previously been impossible to achieve. Based on these rapidly developing technologies, we illustrate a solution to one of the greatest challenges in ecology: the ability to rapidly generate high-resolution, multidimensional and standardised data across complex ecologies.

Music and Audio Recording Technology: An Overview

The coalescence of music and technology form the base of audio production. This study offers a brief account of technological transformations that have shaped the modern audio industry. It takes into consideration the changes in audio recording equipment and audio distribution formats throughout the years up to contemporary time. The study attempts to emphasize the necessary prerequisites for quality audio recording and production in the digital age of today. The study draws its arguments from various secondary sources. This study adds an extra dimension to the already existing knowledge of audio production by blending conceptual and essential practical aspects of audio production. The simplified contour of audio production presented by this study will allow novice musicians and producers to grasp the basics of digital audio recording technology before venturing into the vast ocean of audio technology.

All-optical control of spin in a 2D van der Waals magnet

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets provide new opportunities for control of magnetism at the nanometre scale via mechanisms such as strain, voltage and the photovoltaic effect. Ultrafast laser pulses promise the fastest and most energy efficient means of manipulating electron spin and can be utilized for information storage. However, little is known about how laser pulses influence the spins in 2D magnets. Here we demonstrate laser-induced magnetic domain formation and all-optical switching in the recently discovered 2D van der Waals ferromagnet CrI3. While the magnetism of bare CrI3 layers can be manipulated with single laser pulses through thermal demagnetization processes, all-optical switching is achieved in nanostructures that combine ultrathin CrI3 with a monolayer of WSe2. The out-of-plane magnetization is switched with multiple femtosecond pulses of either circular or linear polarization, while single pulses result in less reproducible and partial switching. Our results imply that spin-dependent interfacial charge transfer between the WSe2 and CrI3 is the underpinning mechanism for the switching, paving the way towards ultrafast optical control of 2D van der Waals magnets for future photomagnetic recording and device technology.

Experience Your (Virtual) Ideal Relationship: Utilization Of Binaural Recording Technology In Japanese Audio Drama As Escapism

This article aims to understand how Japanese audio dramas that utilize binaural recording technology become escapism for their fans. This study uses the reference of Jean Baudrillard's theory of simulacrum and hyperreality to approach the problem, with the basic assumption that the use of binaural recordings in CD dramas can increase the listener's sensation of hyperreality and therefore serve as their escape from reality. Data were collected through a literature review method on literature related to the topic as well as observations on the CD drama fan community on the internet to be analyzed qualitatively. It was found that hyperreality is displayed in the storyline, characters, and setting of the drama CD which resembles an ideal reality. Binaural recording technology in CD drama is able to provide an immersive experience for fans complete with fantasy elements that are certainly more interesting than their reality. The characters offered as co-stars also have varied appearances and personalities so fans can choose a partner according to the criteria they desire. In the end, the elements that make up this CD drama also cloud their perception of a true romantic relationship and trap them in a continuous simulation.

Global Perspectives on Orchestras: Collective Creativity and Social Agency

Global Perspectives on Orchestras: Collective Creativity and Social Agency

Heat-assisted magnetic recording — Micromagnetic modeling of recording media and areal density: A review

Hard disk drives have become the most commonly used mass storage devices because of their low cost and high storage capacity. However, the current perpendicular magnetic recording technology is reaching the physical limit for its areal density capability (ADC) due to superparamagnetism. To accommodate the rapid increase in the volume of digital data produced globally, heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) has been introduced as a next-generation recording technology. In HAMR, a laser locally heats the media to reduce the coercivity, with the information recorded during the cooling process. To investigate the high-temperature magnetization dynamics that occur during this form of recording, computational micromagnetics is a useful tool. This article provides a brief review of micromagnetic modeling for HAMR and summarizes simulation-based studies on HAMR media. A review of these simulation results can serve as a guideline for the prediction of the ADC limit of HAMR.

Micromagnetic Simulation of L10-FePt-Based Transition Jitter of Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording at Ultrahigh Areal Density.

The areal density of hard disk drives increases every year. Increasing the areal density has limitations. Therefore, heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) technology has been the candidate for increasing the areal density. At ultrahigh areal density, the main problem of the magnetic recording process is noise. Transition jitter is noise that affects the read-back signal. Hence, the performance of the magnetic recording process depends on the transition jitter. In this paper, the transition jitter of L10-FePt-based HAMR technology was simulated at the ultrahigh areal density. The micromagnetic simulation was used in the magnetic recording process. The average grain size was 5.1 nm, and the standard deviation was 0.08 nm. The recording simulation format was five tracks in a medium. It was found that a bit length of 9 nm with a track width of 16.5 nm at the areal density of 4.1 Tb/in2 had the lowest transition jitter average of 1.547 nm. In addition, the transition jitter average decreased when increasing the areal density from 4.1 to 8.9 Tb/in2. It was found that the lowest transition jitter average was 1.270 nm at an 8 nm track width and a 9 nm bit length, which achieved an ultrahigh areal density of 8.9 Tb/in2.

A new era in teaching: how advanced optical recording technology could change the postcesarean delivery complication conundrum

The last 4 decades have seen increased complications after cesarean deliveries. Despite an incomplete understanding of their etiology, surgical practices have been adopted, creating disproportionate morbidity and the absence of preventive strategies. Additional research tools are needed for further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the VITOM high-definition optical recording system as a tool to highlight cesarean operative steps and surgical techniques and assess the use of its video recordings for operating room team teaching and research potential. Contemporaneous cesarean delivery techniques offer no resolution to long-term postcesarean sequelae. From March 2015 to February 2022, a novel tool, VITOM exoscope, was evaluated and used to photograph and video record 104 elective cesarean deliveries. The images were projected on a large screen to be viewed by scrubbed-in and unscrubbed personnel and recorded for future use. During this period, staff participants in 3 designated operating rooms reached 514, including 168 trainee residents, 5 nurse practitioners, 6 physician assistants, 21 medical students, 70 surgical technicians, and 110 circulating nurses. The maternal ages of patients varied from 21 to 49 years. Gestational ages ranged from 28 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation. Selected photographs of crucial cesarean surgical steps were taken and printed. Video recordings were stored in designated institutional data storage and uploaded onto a secure drive for further use. After every case, debriefing was held, and subjective opinions were obtained from the various participants. The VITOM was used for 104 cesarean deliveries. Setup time was reduced from 7 minutes initially to 3 minutes with more experience. All staff participants had only positive evaluations and remarks about the image quality and the clear delineation of specific anatomic landmarks. By polling medical students and residents in training, the VITOM experience was described as very useful and, in a few cases, only somewhat useful. The scrubbed surgical technicians and circulating nurses gained a better understanding of surgical layers, improving their ability to anticipate subsequent surgical steps, thereby streamlining operating flow and efficiency. Unscrubbed personnel could also follow the operation's progression despite being remote from the sterile field. Anesthesiologists could follow the operative field and eventual blood loss in plain view. Recorded videos and still photographs were used at clinical teaching conferences and in peer-reviewed publications, enhancing understanding of cesarean delivery techniques. The VITOM exoscope provided superb image quality, enabling a clear vision of the anatomic structures of the cesarean operation. It is a promising additional research tool to capture important details of the employed surgical techniques and provides a possible insight into long-term postcesarean sequelae.

Automated estimation of ankle muscle EMG envelopes and resulting plantar-dorsi flexion torque from 64 garment-embedded electrodes uniformly distributed around the human leg

The design of personalized movement training and rehabilitation pipelines relies on the ability of assessing the activation of individual muscles concurrently with the resulting joint torques exerted during functional movements. Despite advances in motion capturing, force sensing and bio-electrical recording technologies, the estimation of muscle activation and resulting force still relies on lengthy experimental and computational procedures that are not clinically viable. This work proposes a wearable technology for the rapid, yet quantitative, assessment of musculoskeletal function. It comprises of (1) a soft leg garment sensorized with 64 uniformly distributed electromyography (EMG) electrodes, (2) an algorithm that automatically groups electrodes into seven muscle-specific clusters, and (3) a EMG-driven musculoskeletal model that estimates the resulting force and torque produced about the ankle joint sagittal plane. Our results show the ability of the proposed technology to automatically select a sub-set of muscle-specific electrodes that enabled accurate estimation of muscle excitations and resulting joint torques across a large range of biomechanically diverse movements, underlying different excitation patterns, in a group of eight healthy individuals. This may substantially decrease time needed for localization of muscle sites and electrode placement procedures, thereby facilitating applicability of EMG-driven modelling pipelines in standard clinical protocols.

The Secret Arithmetic of Patterns: A General Method for Designing Constrained Codes Based on Lexicographic Indexing

Constrained codes are used to prevent errors from occurring in various data storage and data transmission systems. They can help in increasing the storage density of magnetic storage devices, in managing the lifetime of electronic storage devices, and in increasing the reliability of data transmission over wires. We recently introduced families of lexicographically-ordered constrained (LOCO) codes. These codes achieve capacity with simple encoding and decoding, and they are easy to reconfigure. In this paper, we generalize our work on LOCO codes by presenting a systematic method that guides the code designer to build any constrained code based on lexicographic indexing once the finite set of data patterns to forbid is known. In particular, we connect the set of forbidden patterns directly to the cardinality of the code and to the rule that uncovers the index associated with a codeword. By doing that, we reveal the secret arithmetic of patterns, and make the code design significantly easier. We design optimal (rate-wise) constrained codes for the new two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) technology. We show notable performance gains as a result of solely applying the new codes. Moreover, we show how near-optimal constrained codes be designed and used to further reduce complexity.

Collaborations across Cinematic Objects

AbstractThis conversation brings practitioners together from two different milieus of media production to initiate a dialogue about documentary practices as collaborative work, understood through a reflexive lens that also attends to the power relations and social differentiations inherent within its fabrication. As such, our conversation explores how filmmaking emerges through contingent and negotiated relations between filmmakers and film subjects, different representational modalities, the archive, (recording) technology and voice; the conversation also probes how the infrastructural conditions of collaborative work shape the ever‐shifting horizons of the documentary imagination. Mediated by members of the graduate research training group on Documentary Practices, based at the Ruhr University in Bochum, Germany, it features Philip Scheffner and Merle Kröger from pong, a production platform housed in Berlin, Germany, in conversation with Professor Diana Allan, a colleague of the Sensory Ethnography Lab based at Harvard University, a co‐organizer of the new Critical Media Lab at McGill University, and a Canada Research Chair in the Anthropology of Living Archives.

Characterizing and Contextualizing the Use of the Surgical Safety Checklist in General Surgery

The Surgical Safety Checklist (SSCL) is a widely implemented intervention; however, limited studies have explored system factors that impact adherence to proper checklist completion. Using an audio-visual recording technology called the Operating Room Blackbox (ORBB), the goal of this study was to characterize the level of checklist completion and identify work system factors that impact the use of the SSCL in general laparoscopic surgery. Thirty-six cases captured by the ORBB in a hospital in Toronto, Ontario were reviewed using an SSCL audit tool to collect data on item-level adherence. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) 2.0 model was applied to the observation notes from the ORBB recordings to identify work system factors influencing checklist use. On average, across all 36 cases, 8 of the 29 checklist items were completed (30.1%), with debriefing being completed most frequently of the 3 checklist sections. Of the 29 checklist items, commonly completed items were: patient concerns addressed, surgical counts complete, and procedure name, while items in the timeout section were completed the least. Notably, factors related to person (e.g., confirmation of patient information amongst surgical team) and tools and technology (e.g., use of checklist in combination with patient chart) were identified as facilitators to checklist use, while factors relating to tasks (e.g., redundancy of checklist items with existing workflow), tools and technology (e.g., some checklist items not applicable to some procedures), organization (e.g, timing of checklist items and absence of team member), and internal environment (e.g., music volume in the OR) were identified as potential barriers to checklist use. By understanding how system factors contribute to checklist use and item-level adherence, we can identify ways to improve the checklist to meet the needs of the OR team and enhance integration of the SSCL into existing workflows.

“Businessmen, they drink my wine”: Jimi Hendrix’s Electric Ladyland Album

ABSTRACT This brief discussion (with part of its title extracted from the lyrics of “All Along the Watchtower”) provides music business contexts related to the third Jimi Hendrix Experience album, Electric Ladyland (1968), the guitarist’s first and only double album issued during his lifetime. The article refers to crucial advances in multitrack recording technology transforming the industry and coinciding with the recording of Electric Ladyland, the impact of the album’s packaging, and the commercial rise of the double-album format, as well as referencing the effect of opaque management on Hendrix’s career. The album’s release also intersected with the recording industry’s mass-market shift from mono to stereo releases, increased cassette consumption, and the rise of career-making stereo FM radio outlets.