Record Values Research Articles

Experimental analysis of a high-performance open sorption thermal storage system with absorption-crystallization-adsorption processes

Sorption thermal energy storage is one of the promising solar thermal energy storage considering its long-term storage ability. Since the common sorption thermal storage suffers from low sorption capacity, a high energy storage density enhancement mechanism is always essential for a cost-effective and compact storage system. With three-phase sorption thermal storage, high energy storage density from the crystallization sorption process can be achieved. However, such a sorption process brings significant challenges, including crystal blockage issues in absorption system or solution leakage handling problems in adsorption system, which need to be resolved. Here, we showed a high-performance sorption thermal storage that can attain high energy storage density via a full liquid-to-solid state sorption process. Such a process is achieved by adopting moist air as heat and mass transfer media, which enables liquid absorption, crystallization, and solid adsorption in a simple configuration simultaneously. The lab-scale model achieved high energy storage density in the range of 333–405 kWh/m3 resulting from the heat of absorption and crystallization of LiCl, which is the record value for liquid absorption systems. The energy storage density obtained from the dual liquid and solid sorption processes is enhanced by 278 % compared with that of the conventional cycle at 70 % RH (relative humidity) and temperature lift of 10 °C. With simple construction and high energy storage density, the proposed system has great potential in real applications.

Interval Estimation for the Two-Parameter Exponential Distribution Based on the Upper Record Values

Using the data for upper record values, the interval estimation for the scale parameter of two-parameter exponential distribution is presented. In addition, two methods for the joint confidence region of two parameters are proposed. In terms of confidence region area, the simulation comparison of two methods of the confidence region is performed in this paper. The criterion of minimum confidence region area is used to obtain the optimal method of the confidence region. To illustrate our proposed interval estimation methods, one biometrical example is used and the corresponding confidence interval length and confidence region area are also calculated. Our research topic is related to the asymmetrical probability distributions and applications across disciplines.

High-Efficiency and Wavelength-Tunable Near-Infrared Emission of Lanthanide Ions Doped Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals toward Fluorescence Imaging.

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent materials show unique photophysical properties, which make them widely used in optical communication, night vision imaging, biomedicine, and other applications. However, the development of high-efficiency and wavelength-tunable NIR nanomaterials is still a challenge. Herein, a series of lanthanide ions doped Cs2AgIn0.99Bi0.01Cl6 double perovskite nanocrystals (DPNCs) with wavelength-tunable NIR light emission (800-1600 nm) have been synthesized. The optimal photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the DPNCs reaches 66.7%, which is a record value for DPNCs. It is mainly attributed to the contribution of NIR emission of lanthanide ions doped into DPNCs. More importantly, the series of NIR emission wavelengths of lanthanide ions doped Cs2AgIn0.99Bi0.01Cl6 DPNCs include not only shorter-wavelength NIR light (≤900 nm) but also longer-wavelength NIR light (>900 nm), which are more appropriate for foodstuff analysis and medical diagnosis applications. Furthermore, 11.2% Nd3+ doped Cs2AgIn0.99Bi0.01Cl6 DPNCs with the optimal PLQY were embedded in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer matrix (DPNCs@PMMA), and the stability of DPNCs modified by PMMA has been greatly improved. Finally, the 11.2% Nd3+ ions doped Cs2AgIn0.99Bi0.01Cl6 DPNCs@PMMA based NIR LEDs have demonstrated good night vision and human tissue penetration. This work indicates that lanthanide ions doped DPNCs have a potential in NIR light applications and could inspire future research to explore novel lanthanide ions doped semiconductor NCs based NIR LEDs.

Assessing the Added Value of Vital Signs Extracted from Electronic Health Records in Healthcare Risk Adjustment Models.

PurposePatient vital signs are related to specific health risks and outcomes but are underutilized in the prediction of health-care utilization and cost. To measure the added value of electronic health record (EHR) extracted Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) values in improving healthcare risk and utilization predictions.Patients and MethodsA sample of 12,820 adult outpatients from the Johns Hopkins Health System (JHHS) were identified between 2016 and 2017, having high data quality and recorded values for BMI and BP. We evaluated the added value of BMI and BP in predicting health-care utilization and cost through a retrospective cohort design. BMI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic and diastolic BPs were summarized as annual aggregated values. Concurrent annual BMI and MAP changes were quantified as the difference between maximum and minimum recorded values. Model performance estimates consisted of repeated 10-fold cross validation, compared to base model point estimates for demographic and diagnostic, coded events: (1) patient age and sex, (2) age, sex, and the Charlson weighted index, (3) age, sex and the Johns Hopkins ACG system’s DxPM risk score.ResultsBoth categorical BMI and BP were progressively indicative of disease comorbidity, but not uniformly related to health-care utilization or cost. Annual change in BMI and MAP improved predictions for most concurrent year outcomes when compared to base models.ConclusionWhen a healthcare system lacks relevant diagnostic or risk assessment information for a patient, vital signs may be useful for a simple estimation of disease risk, cost and utilization.

Characterizations of Topp–Leone Lomax Distribution based on the Generalized Lower Record Values

Characterizations of Topp–Leone Lomax Distribution based on the Generalized Lower Record Values

High-Voltage Microwave Systems Based on Ferrite Gyromagnetic Nonlinear Transmission Lines

Test results of high-voltage stationary four-channel generators based on the coaxial gyromagnetic ferrite-filled nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) with external magnetic bias and modulation frequency of the rapidly damping oscillations of ~ 8.7 GHz are presented. The peak amplitude of the output oscillations of −350 kV in the channel had a maximum modulation depth more than 80%. The single-channel stationary microwave system increased the peak amplitude to record value −695 kV in the frequency range ~ 10 (11.5) GHz. The compact two-channel gyromagnetic ferrite line system was also tested. The peak amplitude of output oscillations reached −170 kV when the modulation frequency is of ~ 6.5 GHz. Electrical strength of oil-isolated ferrite line was tested in the compact one-channel system at a repetition rate of 25 pps when an electrical field in the line reached ~ 185 kV/mm.

ON THE NEW FAMILY OF KIES BURR XII DISTRIBUTION

: We propose a new lifetime model derived from the T-X generator called the new family of Kies Burr XII (NFKBXII) distribution. The NFKBXII density function is symmetrical, right-skewed, left-skewed, J, reverse-J, U and exponential shaped. The NFKBXII model failure rates can be monotone and non-monotone in shapes depending on the selection of the parameters. To show the importance of the NFKBXII distribution, we establish various mathematical properties such as random number generator, moments, density functions of record values, reliability and characterizations. We address the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for the NFKBXII parameters. We estimate the precision of the maximum likelihood estimators via a simulation study. We consider an application to serum-reversal times to clarify the potentiality and utility of the NFKBXII model along with NKBXII, KMBXII, KBXII, NKL, KL, MBXII, MBIII, Weibull and inverse Weibull distributions. We apply goodness of fit statistics (GOFs), various model selection criteria, and graphical tools to examine the adequacy of the NFKBXII distribution.

Characterizations of the Exponential Distribution by Some Random Hazard Rate Sequences

In this paper, several characterizations for exponential distribution are derived from a new relative hazard rate measure. This measure is closely related to the concept of remaining lifetime at a random time. It considers the random times specified by the order statistics of a sample, the convolution of random variables, and the record values of a sequence of random variables. The concept of completeness in functional analysis provides the technical background to obtain the main results.

Quantum Interference in Spontaneous Decay of a Quantum Emitter Placed in a Dimer of Bismuth-Chalcogenide Microparticles

We investigate the phenomenon of quantum interference in spontaneous emission for a three-level V-type quantum emitter placed between two bismuth-chalcogenide (Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3) microspheres. In particular, we find that the degree of quantum interference can become as high as 0.994, a value which is attributed to the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of an atomic dipole relative to the surfaces of the microspheres, at the excitation frequencies of phonon-polariton states of the bismuth-chalcogenide microspheres (anisotropic Purcell effect). As a consequence of the high degree of quantum interference, we observe the occurrence of strong population trapping in the quantum emitter. To the best of our knowledge, the reported values of the degree of quantum interference are record values and are obtained for a relatively simple geometrical setup such as that of a microparticle dimer.

Influence of Copper Composition on Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 Solution-Deposited Films and Photovoltaic Devices with Over 5% Efficiency

Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 is currently in the spotlight for prospective environmentally friendly, stable, thin-film solar cell application, with demonstrated device power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 5% for vacuum-deposited absorbers. As suggested by first-principles calculations, experimental studies involving related Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 and Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorbers prove that the detailed chemical composition typically plays a sensitive role in altering defects and electronic properties of these complicated compound semiconductors. Herein, the copper composition of Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 has been systematically modified, employing a solution-based deposition approach, to provide a more complete picture of the phase stability and optoelectronic property sensitivity for this material. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that phase purity is preserved over a film Cu content range of nominally 0.94 ≤ [Cu]/[Ba + Sn] ≤ 1.01. Terahertz spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements reveal that the majority carrier hole density of ∼1013 cm–3 and mobility (∼5 cm2/V s), as well as the minority carrier lifetime (a bulk lifetime of 180 ps and a surface recombination velocity >106 cm/s), are nominally independent of Cu content. The champion PCEs exceed 4.7% for all copper compositions in the phase-pure region, with a record value of 5.1%, similar to the reported values for record vacuum-deposited devices. These results suggest that Cu2BaSn(S,Se)4 films and solar cells (at the current performance level) may be less sensitive to Cu stoichiometry compared to kesterite materials and therefore may provide a more stable material platform to prepare thin-film solar cells.

Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility.

An inertial fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility, conducted on August 8, 2021 (N210808), recently produced more than a megajoule of fusion yield and passed Lawson's criterion for ignition [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. We describe the experimental improvements that enabled N210808 and present the first experimental measurements from an igniting plasma in the laboratory. Ignition metrics like the product of hot-spot energy and pressure squared, in the absence of self-heating, increased by ∼35%, leading to record values and an enhancement from previous experiments in the hot-spot energy (∼3×), pressure (∼2×), and mass (∼2×). These results are consistent with self-heating dominating other power balance terms. The burn rate increases by an order of magnitude after peak compression, and the hot-spot conditions show clear evidence for burn propagation into the dense fuel surrounding the hot spot. These novel dynamics and thermodynamic properties have never been observed on prior inertial fusion experiments.

Radiation shielding, mechanical, optical, and structural properties for tellurite glass samples

A new series of xMoO3-[70-x]TeO2-20BaO-10SrO glass samples where 0 ≤ x ≤ 20 was synthesized by the melt quench method. The current samples investigated the optical, structural, mechanical and radiation shielding features. The FTIR spectroscopy shows the broad peaks ranging from 487 to 817 cm-1 corresponding to overlapping between stretching vibrations of Te–O vibration stretching vibrations in TeO4 and asymmetrical stretching vibrations of the TeO3 trigonal structural units. The band gap shows a gradual reduction with an increasing MoO3 ratio. All mechanical features such as dissociation energy per unit volume (Gt) and packing density (Vt), Young (E), Bulk (B), Shear (S), and Longitudinal (L) exhibit gradual increment with rising MoO3 concentration. Simultaneously, the radiation shielding properties were assessed experimentally within the energy range from 0.184 to 0.810 MeV. The relative differences between the theoretical and experimental values record values range from 0 to 6.81, and these results are acceptable. On the other side, the radiation shielding features were enhanced with rising MoO3. The current samples can be nominated as radiation shielding materials based on acquired results.

Manipulating Spectral Width and Emission Wavelength towards Highly Efficient Blue Asymmetric Carbazole Fused Multi-Resonance Emitters.

The novel carbazole-based multiresonance types of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters of mICz-DABNA and BFCz-DABNA are reported, and their spectroscopic properties are investigated with the inductive effect on the central nitrogen atom for pure and deep blue emission. With the introduction of electron-donating/-withdrawing properties of substituents, emitters exhibited the bathochromic/hypsochromic shifted emission, respectively, compared to simple carbazole-based MR-TADF. Moreover, their spectral bandwidths became narrower. Theoretical calculation indicated that the meta-positioned bulky moiety restricts the molecular geometry discrepancy and reduces the Huang-Rhys factors. Particularly, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with 3% BFCz-DABNA exhibited the maximum external quantum efficiency of 28.0% with the Commission International de l'Éclairage (CIE) of (0.13, 0.09), which is the best record value among single-boron MR-TADF devices of CIE y < 0.10.

Portable integrated photo-charging storage device operating at 3 V

The integration of an energy harvesting device and an energy storage device into one unit has been widely studied as a distributed power source. Herein, we propose a high-voltage-driven photo-charging storage device, integrating a series-connected perovskite solar cell and an ionogel-based solid supercapacitor. The photo-charging storage device exhibits high overall efficiencies of 13.17 % and 9.87 % at 1 mA cm−2 and 20 mA cm−2, respectively, attributed to its high storage efficiency of over ∼ 70 % at all discharge current densities. This high discharge current density of 20 mA cm−2 is the record value for all reported integrated solar cells and electric double-layer capacitor systems. Moreover, the photo-charging storage device maintains 78.6 % of its overall efficiency after 100 cycles under AM 1.5 G illumination and exhibits remarkable cycle performance under indoor light illumination. To understand the interfacial behavior of the photo-charging storage device, impedance spectroscopy is performed for the first time. In addition, to avoid the decomposition of the perovskite solar cell active layer with moisture, an encapsulation process is conducted, which enables the device to remain operational at 3 V after 8 weeks. These results underline the high potential of this photo-charging storage device as a portable power source.

Perceived Value of the Electronic Health Record and Its Association with Physician Burnout.

There is a common belief that seniority and gender are associated with clinicians' perceptions of the value of electronic health record (EHR) technology and the propensity for burnout. Insufficient evidence exists on the relationship between these variables. The aim of this study was to investigate how seniority/years of practice, gender, and screened burnout status are associated with opinions of EHR use on quality, cost, and efficiency of care. We surveyed ambulatory primary care and subspecialty clinicians at three different institutions to screen for burnout status and to measure their opinions (positive, none, negative, don't know) on how EHR technology has impacted three important attributes of health care: quality, cost, and efficiency of care. We used chi-square tests to analyze association between years of practice (≤10 years or 11+ years), gender, and screened burnout status and the reported attributes. We used a Bonferroni-corrected α = 0.0167 for significance to protect against type I error among multiple comparisons. Overall, 281 clinicians responded from 640 that were surveyed with 44% overall response rate. There were no significant associations of years in practice (≤10 years or 11+ years) or gender (p > 0.0167 for both) with any of the health care attributes. Clinicians who screened burnout negative (n = 154, 55%) were more likely to indicate that EHR technology has a positive impact on both the quality (p = 0.0025) and efficiency (p = 0.0003) health care attributes compared with those who screened burnout positive (n = 127, 45%). Burnout status is significantly associated with clinicians' perceived value of EHR technologies, while years of practice and gender are not. This contests the popular notion that junior clinicians view EHR technology more favorably than their more senior counterparts. Hence, burnout status may be an important factor associated with the overall value clinicians ascribe to EHR technologies.

Estimation of reliability function based on the upper record values for generalized gamma Lindley stress–strength model: Case study COVID-19

In this paper, the problem of estimation when X and Y are two independent upper record values from gamma Lindley distribution is considered. Maximum likelihood and the Bayesian estimator methods were used to set the best-estimated reliability function. The importance of this research is because this model, when applied, can obtain reliability values that depend on upper record values, which is an interesting problem in many real-life applications. Also, based on WHO data on the COVID-19 pandemic, a stress-strength model was applied based on the upper recorded values for Mont-Carlo simulation data.

Charge Extraction in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell Architectures for Indoor Applications – with up to 31% Efficiency

AbstractPerovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) are well known for their high efficiencies under 1 sun (AM1.5G), however, PSC can also generate power by harvesting the low‐light available indoors. Here, three flexible PSC architectures are presented for indoor applications: with a metal electrode aiming for high efficiency; carbon electrode aiming for high stability and compatibility with large‐scale production; and hole transport material (HTM)‐free carbon for simplifying the fabrication process. A maximum efficiency of 30.9% (30.0%) under 1000 lux (200 lux) is obtained for a PSC with gold electrode. A maximum efficiency of 25.4% (24.7%) and 23.1% (22.3%) is obtained for the carbon devices with and without HTM, respectively, under 1000 lux (200 lux). To the best of the author's knowledge, the efficiency values presented here for a device with a carbon‐based electrode, with and without HTM, are the record values for a flexible PSC at indoor light conditions. Furthermore, the HTM‐free carbon device kept 84% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h at MPPT and lost virtually no performance after 1000 h at 85 °C. Also, non‐encapsulated devices of all configurations withstood 1600 h in air with a maximum loss in efficiency of 6%.

Best Linear Unbiased Estimation and Prediction of Record Values Based on Kumaraswamy Distributed Data

To predict a future upper record value based on Kumaraswamy distributed data, an explicit expression for single and product moments has been established along with some enhanced expressions that makes the applying process on mathematical softwares easier. The best linear unbiased estimator approach for estimating the parameters and the prediction of future record values have been considered and some important tables have been created to help in the calculation processes. Two illustrative examples based on a simulation study and a real-life data are provided to assess the performance of the introduced results.

Superior Iodine Uptake Capacity Enabled by an Open Metal-Sulfide Framework Composed of Three Types of Active Sites

Superior Iodine Uptake Capacity Enabled by an Open Metal-Sulfide Framework Composed of Three Types of Active Sites

Enhanced magnetic properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ bulk superconductors with tailored structure by a novel seeding assembly

YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) bulk superconductors are regarded as the most promising alternatives for conventional permanent magnets as they provide high field trapping capacity at low temperatures. However, for further improving their superconducting properties, it remains a significant challenge to enlarge the c growth sector by large-sized seeds or multi-seeds while maintaining the microstructure with a low porosity or clean grain boundaries that enables their performance. Here, we report a novel seeding assembly approach by vertically-connecting strip-seeds for inducing potential [110]-oriented overgrowth. Initially, from naturally right-angled corners, YBCO rapidly crystallized to form kite-liked convex areas, which, together with the original seed, effectively functioned as a large-sized seed to generate a sizable c growth sector. The novel-seeded sample exhibited a promising structure not only free of grain boundaries, but also with a favorable porosity of 20.29%. Such a low value is similar to 19.77% of the small-seeded one and much lower than 34.20% of the large-seeded one. Finally, due to structure tailoring towards an enlarged c growth sector with maintained pore characteristics, high and mono-peak trapped fields of 16 mm diameter YBCO bulks were reliably attained, up to a record value of 0.7025 T. This work offers insights into design principles for boosting magnetic properties of other members in the YBCO family.