Reconstruction Of History Research Articles

Thermal evolution and sediment provenance of the Cooper–Eromanga Basin: Insights from detrital apatite

AbstractThe prolific hydrocarbon and geothermal potential of the Cooper–Eromanga Basin has long been recognised and studied, however, the thermal history which underpins these resources has largely remained elusive. This study presents new apatite fission track and U–Pb data for eight wells within the southwestern domain of the Cooper–Eromanga Basin, from which thermal history and detrital provenance reconstructions were conducted. Samples taken from sedimentary rocks of the upper Eromanga Basin (Winton, Mackunda and Cadna‐owie Formations) yield dominant Early‐Cretaceous and minor Late‐Permian–Triassic apatite U–Pb ages that are (within uncertainty) equivalent to corresponding fission track age populations. Furthermore, the obtained Cretaceous apatite ages correlate well with the stratigraphic ages for each analysed formation, suggesting (1) little time lag between apatite exposure in the source region and sediment deposition, and (2) that no significant (>ca. 100°C) reheating affected these formations in this region following deposition. Cretaceous apatites were likely distally sourced from an eastern Australian volcanic arc, (e.g. the Whitsunday Igneous Association), and mixed with Permian–Triassic sediment sources from the New England and/or Mossman Orogens. Deeper samples (>2000 m) from within the southwestern Cooper Basin yielded partially reset fission track ages, indicative of heating to temperatures exceeding ca. 100–80°C after deposition. The associated thermal history models are broadly consistent with previous studies and suggest that maximum temperatures were reached at ca. 100–70 Ma as a result of hydrothermal circulation correlating with high rates of sedimentation. Subsequent Late‐Cretaceous–Palaeogene cooling is interpreted to reflect post magmatic thermal subsidence and cessation of hydrothermal activity, as well as potential modified rock thermal conductivity as a response to fluid flow. Five of the seven modelled wells record a Neogene heating event, the geological significance of which remains tentative but may suggest possible reactivation of the Cooper Hot Spot and associated hydrothermal circulation.

Historical reconstruction of Latin American psychosomatic medicine: the exchange between psychoanalysts from Argentina and Brazil, 1942-1959.

This article reconstructs the origins of psychosomatic medicine in Latin America through the history of the institutionalization of psychoanalysis in Argentina and Brazil. The study focuses on the exchange between Argentine and Brazilian psychoanalysts from 1942 to 1959. The analyses indicate similarities and differences between the two projects of dissemination and theoretical production of psychosomatic medicine in both countries. The conclusions indicate that the Argentine group of psychoanalysts had the intention of strengthening psychoanalysis while, in Brazil, the main disseminator of psychosomatics, Danilo Perestrello, supported a profound transformation of traditional medicine.

Реконструкция традиционной архитектурно-планировочной среды поморских поселений XIX – начала XX в. (на примере с. Тамица Онежского р-на Архангельской обл.)

The study recreates the traditional architectural and planning environment of the Pomor village of Tamitsa, the Onega District of the Arkhangelsk Region, in the 19th — early 20th century (layout and boundaries of the area, church, public and administrative, economic and residential buildings, agricultural land, partially toponymy). It is necessary to reconstruct the history of such heritage objects as the village church ensemble with the cemetery and the churchyard (“pogost”), the parish clergymen houses, situated in the vicinity of the church ensemble, and the parish school building, because these objects were physically lost. The paper reveals some new, previously unpublished archival data on the village layout and the construction plans of the buildings. The study of the historical reconstruction of the traditional architectural and planning environment of the village of Tamitsa discovered its heterogeneity: three architectural layers were identified, partially preserved to this day, dating from 1851–1881, 1882‑30s of the 20th century, and 30–40s of the 20th century. Reflecting on the prospects of this research, the author concludes that the creation of a comprehensive database of knowledge of the heritage objects and traditional culture may become a source for strengthening local identity and authenticity of the territory, which ultimately contributes to the sustainable development of this area, and the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation.

GERMANY, PALE MOTHER: A WOMAN IN THE WAR BETWEEN INTIMATE HISTORY AND TRANSMISSION OF THE PAST

The film Germany, Pale Mother (1980) by German director Helma Sand­ers-Brahms depicts the journey of a woman who has to survive alone with her child during the Second World War, when her husband is sent to the front. Based on the memories of H. Sanders-Brahms’s mother, the film tells a very personal story, while at the same time raising the question of collective Ger­man guilt. Germany, Pale Mother is neither a faithful historical reconstruction nor the account of an individual destiny in the mode of traditional biography, but resembles a mosaic of disparate materials that “shatter the academic gloss of fiction”. The aim of this article is to explore the way in which H. Sanders-Brahms deconstructs classic narrative schemes in order to get as close as possible to an intimate trajectory that is inseparable from Germany’s disastrous national history. How do you tell the story of a life (her mother’s), which is also in the background her own (as a child) and that of her own country? In particular, this article will explore the link between individual and collective memory, be­tween personal recollections and collective representations of the past, in order to understand the specific nature of this unique film biography. In the context of Russian war against Ukraine, we will be looking in par­ticular at the way in which a film can raise awareness among viewers and en­courage them to take responsibility for the crimes committed in their name. Russians today, like Germans yesterday.

An improved equation of latitude and a global system of graticule distance coordinates

Two innovations are presented for coordinate time-series computation. First, an improved solution is given to a century-old problem, that is the non-iterative computation of conventional geodetic (CG: latitude, longitude, height) coordinates from geocentric Cartesian (GC: x, y, z) coordinates. The accuracy is 1 nm for heights < 500 km and < 10−15 rad for latitude at any point, terrestrial or outer space. This can be 3 orders of magnitude more accurate than published non-iterative methods. Secondly, CG time series are transformed into a practical system of “graticule distance” (GD: easting, northing, height) curvilinear coordinates that, unlike the commonly used system of topocentric Cartesian (TC: east, north, up) coordinates, is global in nature without arbitrary specification of GC reference coordinates for every geodetic station. Since 2011, Nevada Geodetic Laboratory has publicly produced time series for 20,000 GPS stations in GD form that have been cited by hundreds of studies. The GD system facilitates direct comparison of positions for co-located stations. Users of GD time series are able: (1) to resolve different historical station names that have been assigned to the same physical benchmark and (2) to resolve different physical benchmarks that have been assigned the same name. This benefits historical reconstruction of benchmark occupation and local site tie analysis for reference frame integrity. GD coordinates have archival value, in that inversion back to GC coordinates is practically exact. For geodetic stations, GD time series closely emulate TC time series with rates agreeing to 0.01 mm/yr, and so can be used interchangeably.

Failure mechanism in a highway embankment founded on a sloping tectonised flysch formation

A highway embankment founded on a slope in a tectonised flysch formation of the Apennines chain (Central Italy) has been affected for about 30 years by continuous slow movements that caused some fractures on the road paving thus requiring periodic maintenance works. Due to the relevance of the damaged infrastructure, different investigation and monitoring campaigns have been carried out to collect information about the properties of the involved soils, the groundwater regime and the displacement field. Field monitoring, in particular, revealed that the movements were the result of a failure mechanism affecting both the embankment and the foundation soils. In particular, the observed displacements showed a weather-induced seasonal trend featured by acceleration/deceleration stages during the wet/dry periods. In order to better understand the detected mechanical response, a numerical model accounting for a soil hydrological balance of the interested area has been developed allowing a reliable historical reconstruction of the displacement regime.

La memoria saharaui de la visita de la misión de Naciones Unidas al Sahara Español en mayo de 1975. Una indagación en base a testimonios

The article addresses the memory of the visit of the United Nations Decolonization Committee to the then Spanish Western Sahara in May 1975 and the demonstrations for independence that were organized. The research uses documentary, newspaper and graphic material, but above all oral testimonies of Sahrawi actors involved. This allows us to maintain that the Sahrawis have formed a particular and counterhegemonic memory of that moment, which is not limited to the elements that have always prevailed in the conventional historical reconstruction of the end of Spanish colonialism.

Peat deposits for studying the Holocene fire regime in the example of Kansk forest-steppe mires

The results of Holocene fires history reconstruction in the Kansk forest-steppe Kranoyarsk Territory are presented using the example the Kuskun mire (Esaulovka river basin) and Rybnoye mire (Rybnaya river basin). The complex of paleoecological methods (analysis of macrofossils in peat and charcoal analysis) are using. The stages of increased fire activity were established at 4000-3000 and 1500-500 cal yr BP. These time intervals coincide with a decrease in moisture during the subboreal xerothermic maximum and a short dry period 1400-1300 cal. yr BP subsequently replaced by the Medieval Warm Period. When comparing the results obtained, a coincidence of long fire episodes with a change in local vegetation was revealed.

Taking advantage of reference-guided assembly in a slowly-evolving lineage: Application to Testudo graeca.

Obtaining de novo chromosome-level genome assemblies greatly enhances conservation and evolutionary biology studies. For many research teams, long-read sequencing technologies (that produce highly contiguous assemblies) remain unaffordable or unpractical. For the groups that display high synteny conservation, these limitations can be overcome by a reference-guided assembly using a close relative genome. Among chelonians, tortoises (Testudinidae) are considered one of the most endangered taxa, which calls for more genomic resources. Here we make the most of high synteny conservation in chelonians to produce the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the genus Testudo with one of the most iconic tortoise species in the Mediterranean basin: Testudo graeca. We used high-quality, paired-end Illumina sequences to build a reference-guided assembly with the chromosome-level reference of Gopherus evgoodei. We reconstructed a 2.29 Gb haploid genome with a scaffold N50 of 107.598 Mb and 5.37% gaps. We sequenced 25,998 protein-coding genes, and identified 41.2% of the assembly as repeats. Demographic history reconstruction based on the genome revealed two events (population decline and recovery) that were consistent with previously suggested phylogeographic patterns for the species. This outlines the value of such reference-guided assemblies for phylogeographic studies. Our results highlight the value of using close relatives to produce de novo draft assemblies in species where such resources are unavailable. Our annotated genome of T. graeca paves the way to delve deeper into the species' evolutionary history and provides a valuable resource to enhance direct conservation efforts on their threatened populations.

Geologi Daerah Buyat Dan Sekitarnya, Kecamatan Kotabunan, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

This research focuses on the eastern part of the northern arm of Sulawesi to understand the geological conditions, including geomorphology, lithology, stratigraphy, and geological structure. The goal is to determine the geological history and map the geological conditions to identify potential mineral resources. The research methods include a qualitative approach through field observations such as morphology, outcrop descriptions, lithology, geological structure measurements, stratigraphic relationships, as well as an inventory of natural resources and geological disaster risks. The quantitative approach involves calculations and analyses, including geomorphological analysis, petrography, paleontology, geological structure, stratigraphy, and the reconstruction of geological history. The research results identify four geomorphological units (karst, denudational, volcanic, alluvial) and six geological units at the research site. Andesite and volcanic breccia are the oldest units dating back to the Miocene. At the end of the Miocene, uplift and subsidence formed intrusive hills of diorite and limestone. Volcanic activity ceased in the Miocene. In the Pliocene, sandstone formed due to river transport. The rock formation process continues to the present, with alluvial deposit units resulting from the breakdown of rocks around the lake. Geological structure analysis reveals fault lines with the main stress direction from northwest to southeast. Relative fault data indicates fault inclination values suggesting the main stress direction is northwest-southeast. The geological history in the research area began in the Miocene with magmatism and tectonic activities, forming andesite and volcanic breccia units. This history extends to the formation of alluvial deposit units in the present. The research provides in-depth insights into the geological history and potential mineral resources in the region, serving as a foundation for further research.

Русская Арктика: от становищ к «колониям» (адаптация, семья, культура)

In the chosen world, special attention is riveted to the Arctic. Against the backdrop of an overpopulated, overburdened South, conflicts and military clashes occur. The territory of the North and the Arctic is not taken into account as a certain land "reserve" of the planet, where space is still rarefied in that the climate is heavier and harsher. The creation of an environment for human life here, the evolution of this environment, from phenomenal to quite acceptable civilized forms, is the application of the experience of social history, which is very important for understanding the geography of the Russian world, substantiating the status of Russia as an Arctic state.&#x0D; The purpose of the research project "Russian Arctic: from settlements to "colonies" (adaptation, family, culture)", implemented for three years (2020–2022), was the historical reconstruction of family-related structures that appeared on the Murmansk coast of the Barents seas during the formation of a permanent population in this area (the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries). Based on the processing of registers of births and other records of the Orthodox population, demographic data were reconstructed and introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, as well as family structures in the form of generational lists of families living in this area, which included information about more than 7 thousand people. The results of the project are summarized in the new scientific publication "Historical and genealogical atlas of the Russian Arctic: Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea (1868–1920)". The publication illustrates the contribution of Russians to the development of the Arctic and is one of the visible evidence of Russia's historical rights to this region of the planet.

Дурбан, ойрат, сог-по: о Борте-Чино, Гоа-Марал и началах ойратской исторической общности (в свете данных по субкладу Y-хромосомы R2a-M124 у калмыков)

Introduction. The paper develops the idea of a hypothesized ethnogenetic succession of the Chonos and related groups from the legendary Bӧrtä-Čïno within the ‘Mongol’ Y-chromosomal subclade of R2a-M124 among Kalmyks (Oirats and Mongols at large), attempts ethnonymic reconstructions for potential ancestral communities from the designated period. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of ethnographic, linguistic and historical data proper in light of R2a-M124 Y-STR haplotypes of Kalmyks, and deepens the hypothesis suggesting ethnohistorical (ethnogenetic) succession of Oirats and Mongols’ ancestors from nomads (and other groups) of the Early and High Middle Ages. Materials and methods. The work investigates classical historical chronicles and treatises on Turkic and Mongolian studies, employs an interdisciplinary approach with the aid of tools inherent to system analysis, historical reconstruction, etc. Results. The article draws parallels between the ethnic names ‘Dörbän’, ‘Durban’ and ‘Dorbet’. It hypothesizes as to potential roots of the male ancestral line at earliest stages of the Mongolian and Oirat ethnogenesis, not excepting the possibility of its Sogdian origin via Ashina Turks within their vassal Toquz Oghuz elites (since the mid-sixth century CE). Finally, the paper tends to identify some ethnic communities from the designated era represented in totemic genealogical myths of Turko-Mongols, and sets forth a narrative of potential ethnohistorical succession of Bukhus Kalmyks from the medieval Bugu (Pugu).

Немцы Калмыкии: к истории этнической группы в фокусе переписей населения

Introduction. The study deals with Russia Germans of Kalmykia and analyzes the state of the ethnic group (traditionally referred to as a minority across the designated territory) from 1897 to the late 1930s on the basis of census data (1897, 1926, 1939), archival documents, and published works. The relevance of the issue lies in its poor historiography: works examining census data as a historical source on Kalmyk Steppe are few enough, and they actually focus on the indigenous ethnic community (Kalmyks) with only fragmentary reviews of two-three other groups. Goals. The paper seeks to characterize the German ethnic group, which has been integral to Kalmyk Steppe’s population since the late nineteenth century, its demographic features, and social structure. Materials and methods. The study rest on the general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity, and employs the methods of historical reconstruction and system analysis that have proved instrumental in identifying certain demographic changes over time. Results. The German community in Kalmykia started taking its shape in the mid-1870s, and was closely connected with the history of local Estonians, the latter having arrived in Kalmyk Steppe almost simultaneously and founded a settlement next to the German one. The traced growth dynamics attests to the group was enjoying a constant increase since its foundation. Sound facilities and decent educational levels became key to the successful development of both farms (households) and villages joined by German settlers. On arrival in Bolshederbetovsky Ulus, the newcomers immediately built prayer houses in their villages and opened primary parish schools with teachers of their own. These would, on the one hand, facilitate the community’s consolidation in the new place and, on the other hand, ensure the younger generation be brought up in the spirit of ancestral values. Kalmykia’s ethnic Germans were part of the multinational society, but meanwhile tended to preserve some specifics of their culture. According to the Soviet Census of 1939, the size of this group increased 3.5 times compared to the early 1890s. The events witnessed by the following decade changed their history once and for all.

The Role of Historical Reconstruction of Context and Historical Transformation of the Lexicon in the Understanding of Islamic Holy Traditions: A Case Study ‘Burying Girls Alive is the Sign of Honourʼ (Dafn al-Banāt min al-Makrumāt)

The phenomenon of Hadith fabrication in Islam is an issue that has led to questioning the authenticity of every individual Hadith. It becomes more critical when a hadith appears ambiguous or contradicts rational judgment. However, to achieve the narrator's true meaning, we should pay attention to evidence, such as the semantic evolution of a word over time and the historical reconstruction of the context. The present study, with an analytical-descriptive method, aimed to show the impact of the evidence mentioned above on understanding the permissible burying girls alive that, regarding the inconsistency of its content with religious and rational findings, is fabricated. Based on the results, a different reading of the narrative text and a new understanding of words contradict the possibility of its fabrication. Regarding the reported historical events and the difference between the literal meaning of the term burying (dafn) and burying alive (wa’d) among the early Arabs, it does not imply a permissible burying of girls alive, instead emphasises father’s presence in the girl’s burial, struggling along with the false culture of ignorant Arabs.

«Я выслан навечно…»: к 80-летию депортации калмыцкого народа (по материалам архивов Казахстана)

Introduction. Ethnic deportations were a form of political repression in the USSR. Official Soviet directives clearly proclaimed mass relocations with exact indications of ethnic identities the would-be deportees should belong to. Goals. The study attempts a historical reconstruction of how Kalmyks from the abolished Kalmyk ASSR survived the exile, reviews their legal status, and outlines a social portrait. Materials and methods. The work employs a variety of research methods, such as the source study, information, mathematic/statistical, factual/historic ones and that of computer content analyses for sufficient insights into earlier classified and thus unclaimed sources. The study is the first to examine personal files declassified since November 2021 by the Government Commission for Complete Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repressions (est. by the order of President K.-Zh. Tokayev), as well as some related documents from departmental archives of Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Committee of National Security transmitted in 2021–2023 to the Archive of the President of Kazakhstan. Files dealing with special settlers are also housed at the Archive of the Committee for Legal Statistics and Special Records (Prosecutor General’s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan) and its departments in Turkistan, Kyzylorda, Akmola, Karaganda and Zhetysu regions, at the State Archive of Kyzylorda Region (its branch — Archive of Sociopolitical History). Results. The Kalmyk deportees started arriving in the Kazakh SSR since January 1944. Despite the Republic was not designated as a region to host the repressed people, the war decided differently. The ethnic Kalmyks — though a minority in the host society to face hard life conditions — never assimilated culturally and showed sustainable social, professional and psycho-physical adaptation skills to the changed circumstances and environments.

Malay-European Interfaith Discourse in Historical Perspective

As a multiracial country, Malaysia faces pressing trans-religious issues that could lead to tensions and conflicts if not properly managed. While acknowledging the importance of interfaith discourse and interreligious relations, current initiatives taken are yet to achieve its intended aims due to resistance from certain segments of the Muslims that viewed those initiatives as a direct threat to the supremacy of Islam in the country. At the same time, it is found that not much consideration is given to the social and historical experiences of the local populace in this matter, especially in the periods prior to the 20th century. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the nature of historical and social encounters between the Malay-Muslims and European Christians in terms of their perception and attitude towards other religions; identify cases of interfaith discourse and analyse its socio-political settings; and asses the role of the rulers and ulama in influencing the direction of interfaith discourse among the Malays. It is hoped that this historical reconstruction will help enrich our understanding of the nature, issues, and challenges faced today and charting the future direction of the interfaith dialogue in the country.

Lakes cannot burn and buried charcoals cannot fly: Reconciling lake- versus soil-based reconstructions of past forest dynamics

Fundamental understanding of paleoecological proxies is necessary when attempting to compare, complement, or contrast two or more methods, and lack thereof may lead to erroneous conclusions. This comment addresses three such misunderstandings found in a recently published paper by Paillard et al. regarding soil macrofossil charcoal analysis (SMCA) and its relationship to lacustrine sediment analysis. The aim is to correct some misinformation associated with the following three assertions: (1) Broadleaved tree species produce fewer charcoal fragments than coniferous species. Although coniferous stands are more fire-prone, experimental burning shows that species with denser wood, that is, broadleaves, produce greater amounts of charcoal under similar fire conditions. (2) Preservation of charcoal particles is poor at the referenced study site. Once buried in the mineral soil compartment, charcoal particles remain quite stable. As such, SMCA has revealed Late Pleistocene marginal stands of broadleaved species. (3) Underestimating the importance of range-edge dynamics on the results of SMCA reconstructions. SMCA offers a stand-scale historical reconstruction that has proven well-suited to study peripheral stands and to reflect the heterogeneity of a landscape mosaic. By attempting to reconcile the SMCA (in situ) and lake sediments (ex situ) narratives, Paillard et al. missed one key aspect of comparing complementary proxies: they show different aspects of the past.

Press and Politics: Contributions of Sol Plaatje to South African Journalism

The article looks into the journalism of Solomon Thekisho Plaatje (popularly known as Sol Plaatje) and his contributions to the early South African black press and politics. Sol Plaatje remains one of South Africa’s most important political and literary figures. He was a pioneer of black press in South Africa. He was a spokesman of his people and an opinion leader among them. He was the first Secretary of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) which later became the African National Congress (ANC), the current ruling political party in South Africa. His services to war correspondents as secretary, typist or interpreter and ‘liaison officer’ (to war correspondent Vere Stent) laid the foundation for his careers in journalism and writing. Plaatje edited/published a number of Setswana/English newspapers such as Koranta ea Becoana ( Bechuana Gazette), Tsala ea Becoana ( Bechuana Friend) which later became Tsala ea Batho ( Friend of the People) and Our Heritage. He also wrote regularly for English language newspapers such as Star, Pretoria News, Cape Times, Cape Argus and Diamond Fields Advertiser. The study seeks to find out the interplay between Sol Plaatje’s journalism and politics and his contributions to South African journalism as a pioneer of the black press. The study adopts the historical research method. Data gathered for the study were qualitatively analysed. Sol Plaatje’s kind of journalism was developmental as it was geared towards defending his people and re-orientating them to better ideals while at the same time trying to build cohesion with the white populace. The study is a contribution to the reconstruction of media history in the post-apartheid South Africa.

Reconstruction of local fire history, example of peat deposits of the Mokhovoe mire (Northern Altai)

Reconstruction of local fire history, example of peat deposits of the Mokhovoe mire (Northern Altai)

Reanimating experimental psychology: Media archaeology, Hugo Münsterberg, and the ‘Testing the Mind’ film series

For historians of psychology, Hugo Münsterberg is best remembered as William James’ successor as director of the Harvard Psychological Laboratory and a pioneer of applied psychology. By contrast, for film and media studies scholars, Münsterberg is recognized less for his contributions to experimental psychology than for those to film theory, a field in which his penultimate book, The Photoplay: A Psychological Study (1916), is frequently claimed as an inaugural text. However, lost in the blind spots of both disciplinary perspectives has been a thorough examination of Münsterberg's collaboration with Paramount Pictures, translating psychological tests into experimental short films. Despite reaching millions of moviegoers in 1916, Münsterberg’s ‘Testing the Mind’ series has received little attention from historians of science and early cinema alike. One reason for this neglect is that, to date, not a single extant copy of a ‘Testing the Mind’ release has been located. This article is about the author's efforts, in collaboration with students, to reanimate these lost psychological tests for the screen through meticulous historical reconstruction based on the original scripts, journalistic accounts, and correspondence between Münsterberg and Paramount. This reconstructive process, I show, yields new insights into the relationship between psychology and early cinema and an opportunity for reflection on this promising new space for research at the intersection of media archaeology, the history of psychology, and experimental history of science. Film URL: https://archive.org/details/munsterberg_paramount.pictographs