Reconstruction Policies Research Articles

MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCY MEASURES PROJECT OF ALGIERS’S KASBAH

Management strategies for the conservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage in general, and urban heritage in particular, have evolved greatly over the past two decades. The relationship between heritage and development is now omnipresent in the policies of construction or reconstruction of territories, where the major challenges lie in their enhancement. Algeria does not have a great deal of experience in the management and administration of heritage safeguarding and enhancement projects, whether urban or architectural, as evidenced by the significant number of projects that remain unfinished or incomplete due to a lack of efficiency. Within the framework of the Permanent Plan for the Safeguarding and Enhancement of the Protected Historic District (PPSMVSS) for the protected historic city of Algiers, emergency projects have been launched to slow down or even stop the deterioration of this heritage site. The objective of this study is to understand the process of formalizing and managing projects in protected historic districts, as well as the interactions between the different stakeholders involved.The methodology used combines on-site surveys, interviews, and questionnaires with the various stakeholders. It refers to the conceptual model of project success factors developed by Pinto and Slevin, in order to evaluate these operations, which have not led to theexpected results.

What facilitates the socio-spatial reattachment after a disaster? A sense of place approach

Disasters disrupt the socio-spatial bonds of the people and communities that they affect. Even though there is a large body of research on the impacts that these events produce, we know less about how people reconnect to transformed environments. To understand how the re-establishment of ties is experienced, in this study, we examine how sense of place develops in post-disaster settings. We conducted 18 group interviews and 80 walking interviews (n=205), distributed across three cases of emblematic disasters in Chile caused by a volcanic eruption, an earthquake and tsunami, and a fire. We used thematic analysis to examine these interviews. Results show that sense of place, in connection with the re-establishment of bonds, is produced in the assemblage of natural, material, personal, and community aspects, grouped into three major topics: appropriation of space, opening of the self, and community activation. We discuss the relevance of natural landscapes and socio-ecological networks for well-being, as well as the need to address the psychosocial working-through dimension in reconstruction policies. We conclude that sense of place is an integrative theoretical-analytic tool that makes it possible to examine the configurations of socio-spatial reattachment in individuals affected by disasters.

Challenges and Opportunities of Rebuilding Physical Education Programs in Post-Conflict Iraqi Schools in Iraq

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of rebuilding physical education programs in post-conflict Iraqi schools in Iraq. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Rebuilding physical education programs in post-conflict Iraqi schools faces challenges such as infrastructure damage, limited resources, and cultural attitudes that prioritize academics. Safety concerns also create anxiety for families regarding participation. However, there are significant opportunities for development, including promoting holistic growth, engaging communities in program development, and collaborating with NGOs for funding and resources. Integrating physical education with other subjects can enhance student engagement. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological systems theory, resilience theory & conflict transformation theory may be used to anchor future studies on the challenges and opportunities of rebuilding physical education programs in post-conflict Iraqi schools in Iraq. Develop and implement strategies for rebuilding and repurposing damaged physical education facilities using available resources. Advocate for the inclusion of physical education as a critical component of educational and post-conflict reconstruction policies.

The Role of Oil in Iraqi Politics: From Independence to the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century

This study reviewed how oil affected Iraq's internal and foreign policies throughout contemporary history, as it sought in its goal to identify the role of oil in Iraqi politics from independence until the beginning of the twenty-first century, and to achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was relied on, and the historical method, in order to identify the scene of Iraqi politics and the impact of oil and its role in the political practices of the Iraqi state since independence until the beginning of the twenty-first century, and the importance of the study is due to the importance of oil The first is the importance of oil in Iraq, and it has two requirements, the first is a brief summary of the history of the importance of oil in Iraq The second demand focused on the status of oil in the period following the independence of the Iraqi state. .and the second section was entitled Oil crises and their repercussions on Iraqi policy, and it has two requirements, the first dealt with the crisis The first oil and its repercussions on Iraqi politics, and the second requirement dealt with the second oil crisis and its repercussions on Iraqi politics, then came the third section entitled the role of oil in the political scene of the State of Iraq, and it has two requirements, the first talked about the political situation of the State of Iraq at the beginning of the 21st century and the role of Iraqi oil in the international scene, The second and final requirement of the study focused on Iraq's political and economic landscape in the aftermath of 2003; The study also explored the role of oil in the reconstruction of the Iraqi state. It uncovered several key findings, among which the most significant are: the management of oil in Iraq is synonymous with the management of all industrialized nations. The post-2003 period brought about transformative changes, as Iraq's oil market endured severe crises. Politically, the lack of democracy and the challenges of establishing a more democratic system in Iraq can only be fully understood by considering the economic dimensions, particularly the role of oil. The study highlighted that Iraq faced significant market risks and oil price fluctuations. Additionally, the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the subsequent period up to 2011 confirmed that historical narratives about Iraq remain deeply influential. Although there are multiple political reasons for the invasion of Iraq, all reconstruction policies and projects after the invasion also relied on the oil sector, and the study justifies that the Iraqi state cannot withdraw from the economic scene, but will be forced to adopt economic policies, However, oil remains a political and strategic commodity over which no country can cede control to non-state actors.

Demographic Consequences of Major Wars

This article investigates the demographic consequences of major wars and the determinants of post-war demographic recovery, analyzing severe conflicts from 1914 to 2010 in countries across various development levels and war types. Through an empirical evaluation of demographic recovery following major wars, this paper explores how several important factors, including political capacity, foreign aid, and human capital, influence recovery patterns in societies that have experienced these conflicts. The analysis suggests that populations tend to recover to pre-war levels within a generation, often exceeding them due to significant post-war baby booms. Political capacity appears to be associated with faster recovery, while the impact of foreign aid and human capital varies across different economic contexts. The research employs a large N time-series cross-section analysis, offering a comprehensive exploration of the dynamics involved in post-war demographic recovery. The results highlight the complex relationship between political, economic, and social factors, providing a valuable foundation for future research. By integrating insights from political demography, international relations, and population studies, these findings can guide the development of new theories and models to better understand the mechanisms of post-conflict recovery. Ultimately, this research aims to inform more effective strategies and policies for post-conflict reconstruction and development, promoting sustainable peace and stability in war-affected regions.

Examination of the Electric Vehicle(EV) Lithium Battery Supply Chain Risk of China: Response to the U.S. Supply Chain Reconstruction Policies

Examination of the Electric Vehicle(EV) Lithium Battery Supply Chain Risk of China: Response to the U.S. Supply Chain Reconstruction Policies

Resident Evaluation of Reconstruction Challenges and Lessons Learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake: Recommendations for Reconstruction and Industrial Policies 12 Years after the Disaster

The year 2023 marks the 12th anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). Immediately after the disaster, the number of evacuees reached approximately 470,000, but by November 2022, the number had decreased to approximately 31,000. The reconstruction of housing, disposal of debris, public infrastructure development, and overall restoration and reconstruction has progressed steadily. However, a re-examination of the status of industrial restoration and reconstruction reveals that restoration and reconstruction have not progressed in some areas. This research statistically analyzes how the Japanese public perceives the issues around the recovery process and what memories and records they would like to learn from regarding the GEJE. The purpose of this study is to ask about reconstruction issues and lessons learned from the GEJE by conducting a web-based survey with 2000 respondents in Japan. The method of estimation is the use of ordinal logistic regression analysis to statistically estimate whether there are differences in recovery issues and lessons learned depending on individual attributes. The results suggest that those who are interested in, remember, and express anxiety about the recovery issues and lessons learned tend to be men, do not have children, are highly educated, and have a higher income. In sum, many of Japan’s citizens are highly interested in the reconstruction of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, housing, urban development, living environment, industry, and livelihood in the affected areas. In the future, they will play a central role in modernizing, scaling up, and integrating the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industries, as well as in rebuilding towns and livelihoods. In the affected areas, it will be necessary to draw on the lessons learned from the GEJE and create reconstruction plans for the future, and then, policymakers will need to formulate reconstruction policies that reflect the concerns of the Japanese people.

The principle of cascadic prosilience—Assessment of territorial recovery strategies after disrupted regional infrastructure systems in Iraq

This paper presents an assessment approach to fostering socioeconomic re-development and resilience in Iraqi regions emerging from the destruction and instability, in the aftermath of the war conflict in Iraq. Focusing on the intricate interplay of logistics infrastructure and economic recovery, the present study proposes a novel framework that integrates general resilience insights, data analytics, infrastructure systems, and decision support from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We draw inspiration also from historical cases on “creative destruction” or “Blessing in Disguise” (BiD) phenomena, like the post-WWII reconstruction of Rotterdam, so as to develop the notion of stepwise or cascadic prosilience, analyzing how innovative logistics systems may in various stages contribute to economic rejuvenation. Our approach recognizes the multifaceted nature of regional resilience capacity, encompassing both static (conserving resources, rerouting, etc.) and dynamic (accelerating recovery through innovative strategies) dimensions. The logistics aspect spans both the supply side (new infrastructure, ICT facilities) and the demand side (changing transportation flows and product demands), culminating in an integrated perspective for sustainable growth of Iraqi regions. In our study, we explore several forward-looking strategic future options (scenarios) for recovery and reconstruction policy factors in the context of regional development in Iraq, regarding them as crucial strategic elements for effective post-conflict rebuilding and regeneration. Given that such assets and infrastructures typically extend beyond a single city or area, their geographic scope is broader, calling for a multi-region approach. By leveraging the extended DEA approach by an incorporation of a super-efficiency (SE) DEA approach so as to better discriminate among efficient Decision-Making Units (DMUs)—in this case, regions in Iraq—our research aims to present actionable and effective insights for infrastructure investment strategies at regional-governorate scale in Iraq, that optimize efficiency, sustainability and resilience. This approach may ultimately foster prosperous and stable post-conflict regional economies that display—by means of a cascadic change—a new balanced prosilient future.

Assessing the accountability mechanisms in the 2015 Nepal earthquakes housing reconstruction: a case study of Bungamati, Lalitpur Metropolitan city, Nepal

PurposeThis research examined the accountability measures put into practice during the housing reconstruction following the 2015 Nepal earthquakes. Additionally, it aimed to identify gaps in accountability practices and suggest approaches for improving their efficacy.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology encompassed a qualitative approach. Around 30 research participants were selected for in-depth interviews using a purposive sampling strategy to ensure data richness and relevance. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and then iteratively analysed using thematic framework analysis. This analytical technique involved identifying recurrent themes and patterns within the transcriptions of the participants' articulation.FindingsThe study showed the pivotal role of meetings and interactive forums in promoting transparency and disseminating vital information during housing reconstruction. Additionally, it underscored the contributions of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) in information dissemination within affected communities. Policy challenges centre on identifying vulnerable populations, local support mechanisms and contextualizing reconstruction policies, specifically focusing on urban heritage settlements. Strengthening local service delivery and complaint mechanisms, capacity building and defining the roles and responsibilities of actors and beneficiaries are suggestive measures for a participatory and inclusive reconstruction process.Originality/valueResearch holds distinctive value due to its recent inception and its focus on both the subject matter and the specific geographical context. It contributes novel insights into the principles and practices of accountability mechanisms during the housing reconstruction process following a major disaster.

Conflict Recovery in Socialist Utopia: A Critical Analysis of Vietnam's Postwar Reconstruction Policies Through a Visual Interpretation of 1976–1986 Propaganda Posters

The Vietnam War left a newly reunified Vietnam with innumerable challenges following the fall of Saigon in April 1975. Through an interpretive analytical approach using propaganda posters as the visual data source, this study examines how the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government disseminated economic, political, diplomatic, military, and social policies to the public in order to rally support for the ambitious goal of rebuilding the country as an industrialized socialist nation. In doing so, this study shows how a national reconstruction discourse could be modalized in textual, visual, and symbolic spaces to maximize its persuasiveness in conflict recovery efforts. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that while recovery is the utmost goal of governments following the end of conflicts, basing it on a specific ideology without careful examination of contextual factors can be deleterious and even calamitous. Propaganda posters can serve as a powerful communication tool for policy makers, but poorly aligned campaigns can be counterproductive.

POLITICAL MENTALIZATION OF THE FRENCH RULING ELITES: A POLITICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ESSAY

The study focuses on the main stages of the historical past of French civilization, in the depths of which the political mentality of the ruling elites was formed. The authors explore the mental and civilizational results of the five-hundred-year Romanization of Gaul. The role of Christian proselytism in the formation of a monotheistic mentality and the political role of the Church of Gaul are revealed. The thesis about the mental heritage of the Roman Empire in the formation of the foundations of the new Christian nation is revealed. As a result of the convergence of Roman culture and barbaric cults, an original mental space was formed, where Catholicism became the state religion of the Frankish Empire. The conclusion is made about the historical and mental-political significance of chivalry not only for France, but also for Europe. Next, the authors turned to the topic of the influence of the Renaissance on the elites, who, having assimilated the mental models of the Italian Renaissance, built their national identity on their basis. In the Renaissance epoch, the centuries-old theologo-political nature of French political power was transformed into a subject-pragmatic system of absolutism. For the first time in the history of Europe, politics was separated from religion. Christian dogmas as the basic mental attitudes of the elites have given way to the sense-generating primacy of secular principles of real politics. During this period, anti-absolutist and anticlerical mental and political attitudes emerged in the elite environment on the soil cultivated by the Renaissance, which determined the course and nature of the revolutionary events of the 18th-19th centuries. During the period of the Consulate and the First Empire, Napoleon I and then his followers pursued a policy of mental reconstruction of the elites. The final two sections talk about the philosophical, theological and scientific heritage of the great intellectuals of France, the power activities of its outstanding rulers, who had a significant impact on the evolution and development of the political mentality of modern French elites.

Rwanda-Conflict, Violence, and Reconstruction

When it comes to Rwanda, most people first think of the tragic movie The Rwanda Hotel. That film recreates the bloody 1994 massacre in Rwanda, causing irreparable harm to every Rwandan people. Rwanda's history is indeed full of hatred and misery. After the massacre, the Rwandan government led the people to take national reconstruction measures for the country and achieved the desired results. Based on adjusting their own culture, the Rwandans also explored a development path that suits their national conditions and has African characteristics. After the completion of the reconstruction, Rwanda largely resumed its economic development and made all-around progress, even known as the Singapore of Africa. Rwanda's reconstruction policy is generally improving, but there are still some shortcomings that need to be adjusted and improved. Driven by those reconstruction measures, Rwanda has achieved remarkable results and is worth learning from other countries.

MACROECONOMIC STRATEGY FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE GAS DISTRIBUTION MARKET ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MARSHALL PLAN

Ukraine suffered giant human, material, and resource losses from the war. This led to a change in the Strategy and Tactics for the future allocation of resources and strategies for the macroeconomic recovery of the energy sector. A sharp decline in Ukraine's energy intensity in all sectors of the economy resulted in a general decline in the country's gross domestic product. As a result of the military intervention, Ukraine's energy sector is characterized by high import dependence, low energy efficiency, and financial illiquidity. In addition, the subsequent market transformation has led to chaotic pricing of gas resources and utilities and low household income. The article discusses the main aspects of the famous Marshall Plan for the post-war reconstruction of the Ukrainian economic and energy systems. The study pays special attention to the macroeconomic Strategy for the energy sector's recovery. The article considers the existing developments of researchers and practitioners in analyzing the impact of the Marshall Plan on the recovery of European countries after World War II. When implementing this plan in the context of current national realities, the author outlines certain aspects that could be taken into account in the necessary implementation of a standard European policy of Ukraine's reconstruction, intensification of the business legal and competitive environment, and implementation of integrity issues about the focus and priority of individual industries and areas. It is particularly urgent to address the combination of renewable features in the context of European environmental, climate, and economic policies. Considering Ukraine's energy balance in wartime, the existing Energy Strategy should summarize the growth that will be implemented slowly. Gas resources will continue to play an essential role in domestic energy consumption. Therefore, in analyzing existing approaches, trends, and our beliefs, we modeled a possible macroeconomic Strategy for restoring Ukraine's gas distribution sector in the postwar period based on approaches specific to the Marshall Plan. The macroeconomic Strategy for restoring gas distribution companies in postwar Ukraine is a complex concept and consists of several government measures. This Strategy should consider the Marshall Plan, which has already positively affected some countries after World War II. The basis of this recovery plan is access to fuel and energy resources in a technically reliable, safe, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable manner in the interests of consumers and society. Ukraine suffered giant human, material, and resource losses from the war. This has led to a change in the Strategy and Tactics for the future allocation of resources and macroeconomic recovery strategies for the energy sector. A sharp decline in Ukraine's energy intensity in all sectors of the economy resulted in a general decline in the country's gross domestic product. As a result of the military intervention, Ukraine's energy sector is characterized by high import dependence, low energy efficiency, and financial illiquidity. In addition, the resulting market transformation has led to chaotic pricing for gas resources and utilities.

Law, political economy and war reparation: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

AbstractWhat are the after‐effects of the Bosnia and Herzegovinian (BH) transition from a post‐socialist, post‐genocide, and post‐ethno‐nationalist state into a European liberal democracy? This article makes a case for war reparation and argues that while poverty reduction has not been among the stated aims of transitional justice mechanisms, it is of critical importance to study war victims' deprivation in the context of historical patterns of structural injustice and examine liberal reconstruction policies that failed to provide compensation and legal redress for gross violations of human rights and serious violations of humanitarian law. The article uses the historical sociology approach as a method of analysis to investigate how moving away from a socialist to a capitalist economic model, from war to peace, and from one party political system to liberal democracy has resulted in structural injustice and growing levels of poverty that adversely impact most vulnerable Bosnians. The article presents an argument that the lack of post‐war reparation programs, coupled with an inadequate emphasis on political regime change, poverty reduction programs and social and economic rights such as access to welfare, cash assistance, food, transportation, education, pension, and disability benefits to ensure the quality of living is detrimental to everyday lives of war victims and people who live at the bottom of the society.

Cultural rights as deontological and existential dimension in safeguarding and renovating the intangible cultural heritage

The paper reviews the evolution of the notion “cultural rights” in the framework of human rights provision and safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage, which is directly connected to rights, freedoms and identities of communities, groups and individuals in the modern world. The paper analyzes some important documents and researches in this field, from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by UN in 1948 to reports by special UN rapporteurs in the field of cultural rights during 2010–2023. The aim of the paper is to introduce into national scientific, political and legislative use the understanding of the system and the space of interrelations around and on the base of cultural rights in the modern world on different levels of social and cultural organization. It is very important today for Ukraine considering about the future policy of reconstruction and development using European and global experience in providing cultural rights.

Post-war Recovery Practices for Ukraine, based on the Experience of other Countries that have Undergone Similar Processes

"This article aims to study the specifics of post-war recovery practices in European countries to elaborate on the key recommendations for Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction policy. The research methodology is based on general scientific and empirical methods of studying political, economic, social, and institutional factors of Ukraine’s recovery and similar practices of the most developed countries. The study results of post-war reconstruction practices in European countries prove the importance of building institutional norms, European integration (political, economic, ideological, and value-based), and mechanisms for financing development projects to create a new innovative model of economic growth and social welfare. Furthermore, the implementation of the Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program) and the Dodge Line (Recovery Program for Japan) prove the importance of creating capable institutions and their political cooperation with the affected countries to promote industrial growth and transition to post-industrial societies dominated by a significant share of the quaternary and quinary economy sectors. Practical relevance. The article’s authors analyzed the Recovery Plan of Ukraine compared with the reconstruction plans of European countries and Japan. The authors have identified the need for institutional support from international partners due to high corruption risks in Ukraine, the resource-based structure of the Ukrainian economy, and the need to stimulate economic development through investment, innovation, and building effective education, social security, and healthcare systems. Therefore, as part of Ukraine’s recovery policy, it would be reasonable to use mechanisms of institutional and political support from partners and economic development financing means to address the problem of institutional failure in Ukraine."

Vulnerable Community in Earthquake Disaster Reconstruction Process in Sindhupalchok

Reconstruction and resilience programs led by the National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) have not specifically addressed the Dalit community’s issues of vulnerability and cultural heterogeneity. The NRA formed and implemented different policies and guidelines for all victims irrespective of their caste/ethnic, cultural, economic, and political status. Monolithic reconstruction and resilience policy failed to address the vulnerability and socio-cultural resilience of the Dalits. The state social engineering failed because the socio-cultural and political vulnerability of the Dalits was ignored both in policy and practice. The policy and practice of earthquake reconstruction replicated the traditional slogan of Nepali: ‘We all are Nepali and all Nepali are equal’. Moreover, it established a rule of thumb to address other disaster victims equally. What are Dalits’ knowledge and experiences of disaster reconstruction? What are the constraints and opportunities for the resilience of the Dalits? What are the resilience practices of the Dalits? Based on the field-based study, interviews, and observations, the paper explored the exclusion of Dalits participation both in policy formulation and implementation. The detailed fieldwork in 2018 explored the technological domination of the government and non-government agencies while implementing the resilience of Dalit community. The Dalits were at the bottom of the socio-cultural hierarchy, including power, prestige, and property. The major flaw of the reconstruction and resilience was ignorance of the diversity of victims and ignorance of people’s knowledge of cultural resilience. The policies did not support their marginality and vulnerability.

DETERMINANTS OF INCREASING THE INNOVATION CAPACITY OF UKRAINE

Modelling the development of innovative power is an integral tool for finding ways to ensure the country's competitiveness and post-war recovery to accelerate European integration processes using its technological uniqueness. The innovative vector of economic development is a priority mechanism for the formation of competitive positions at all levels of the world economic system. The main purpose of this paper is to use modelling to identify the key determinants of the development and increase of Ukraine's innovative power, which should be crucial for the post-war recovery of the domestic economy. Methodology. The econometric model describes the efficiency of the use of Ukraine's innovative capacity and highlights its weaknesses. It is necessary to pay special attention to them in the period of post-war reconstruction. Both a correlation matrix of these factors and a regression model of their interdependencies were developed based on the assessment of a number of determinants affecting the formation and growth of innovative power. Results. The econometric modelling made it possible to obtain statistically significant two-factor linear models in which the share of R&D costs and the number of innovative products implemented were the independent variables. The commercialisation of R&D, in particular patenting, which reflects the effectiveness of scientific activity, appears to be very important. Business shows the highest rates of technology implementation. It creates a platform for further stimulation and development of relevant innovations. Practical implications. In the context of European integration processes, it is important to highlight those factors that would become advantages for strengthening the innovative power of Ukraine and to use them as a priority in the formation of the state policy of post-war reconstruction. The intensity of research and development and the introduction of advanced innovations, the innovative activity of the society and its functionality depend on the effective innovation policy of the state, the current state of the economy, the availability of a systematised base of institutes and institutions ensuring scientific and technical activity, modernised infrastructure, specialised information and consulting centres, etc. Value/originality. It has been proved that the priority of the innovative component of the domestic state policy is an undeniable condition for the effectiveness of the development of the economic system at the present stage of turbulence in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. At the same time, the obvious advantages of innovativeness are cancelled out by the presence of high costs for the development of innovations, a decrease in the activity of commercialisation of inventions, and the imperfection of the intersectoral distribution of funds for research and development.

Post-disaster recovery and bargaining with patriarchy: A case study from Macapaya, Philippines

In disaster policy and implementation, there is a tendency to overestimate what women gain from participating in disaster recovery efforts and underestimate the true cost of gender impacts. This qualitative study's objective is to highlight the inadequacies of disaster recovery and reconstruction policies in the Philippines as experienced by women after Tropical Storm Sendong (international name Washi). To achieve these aims, we conducted 20 online interviews with women from the National Housing Authority-Cagayan de Oro Bayanihan Village Phase 1 or Macapaya in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. Using Kandiyoti's patriarchal bargaining as a framework, we argue that a more nuanced understanding of how women navigate post-disaster spaces helps deconstruct the binary framing of women as victims or agents, and understand how women cope with gender-insensitive recovery responses. It also paves the way for post-disaster policies and programs that are holistic and have greater potential to positively impact women's lives.

Green recovery and sustainable reconstruction policies to deal with slums in Egypt Case Study: Izbet Khairallah

Green recovery and sustainable reconstruction policies to deal with slums in Egypt Case Study: Izbet Khairallah