Road Reconstruction Research Articles

Analysis on Reconstruction Design of Old Urban Roads

<p>With the continuous development of cities, the urban roads built in the early days can no longer meet the needs of modern urban transportation. Therefore, in the current urban development and construction process, the reconstruction of old roads is the key construction content. At the same time, the transformation of old urban roads is also an inevitable requirement to improve the urban road system and improve the level of urban communication infrastructure construction and transportation service capacity. The reconstruction of old roads meets the requirements of the overall planning and construction of modern cities, and plays a vital role in promoting the development and progress of urban economy and improving the quality of life of urban residents. In the process of urban old road reconstruction, because the original urban road environment is very complex and involves many factors, the rational design of the construction scheme of the old road reconstruction project is the key factor affecting the effect of the old road reconstruction. This paper makes an in-depth exploration and analysis of the old road reconstruction design of urban roads, and puts forward scientific and reasonable suggestions in combination with the actual situation, so as to provide reliable theoretical support for improving the old road reconstruction level and promoting the urbanization development process in China.</p>

PECULIARITIES OF SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF ROAD CONCESSION DEVELOPMENT

The road network is one of the most important branches of the economy, which performs the function of a kind of circulatory system in the complex organism of the country. It not only helps to meet the needs of the economy and the population in transportation, but together with the cities forms a "framework" of the territory, has a significant impact on the dynamism and efficiency of socio-economic development of individual regions and the country as a whole. World experience shows that without a developed transport, automotive network can not create an efficient market economy. Ensuring the development of the road network and improvement their transport and operational condition is a necessary condition for further socio-economic development of the state and society. Unsatisfactory condition of the road network has a negative impact on the social and economic situation of the country, international image and key indicators such as gross domestic product, development of productive forces, state budget revenues, employment, performance of road and other modes of transport and more. The level of financing the road networks for the last 10 years makes 14-34 percent of the minimum necessary need for repair and maintenance of a network of highways defined by scientists. Due to insufficient funding, the pace of implementation of new technologies, machines, mechanisms, modern materials and structures is slow and does not meet current needs. The process of business investment in the road industry in Ukraine in modern conditions is risky due to imperfect legislation, low development of technology, which can be eliminated through the introduction of concession approaches in the development of the industry. The impact of public-private partnership on social risks is considered and ways to minimize them are suggested. Solving the problems of financial support for the repair, reconstruction and maintenance of roads requires the integration of State efforts, regional and local authorities, research and practice of their application, legal framework, as well as financial and material resources in international and Euroregional cooperation . It should be noted that the most problematic in terms of effective provision of transportation by state roads are sections of roads on international transport corridors. On the one hand, the financial and economic capabilities of the state and the region are still insufficient for their reconstruction, and on the other - the postponement of these problems has a negative impact on the national economy and contradicts international trends, prospects for the transport network. The object of the article is the process of applying the concession to improve the financing of costs for repair, reconstruction and maintenance of roads in terms of social risks. The subject of the article is the socio-economic relations between the subjects of the concession and the public. The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for the introduction of a road concession, taking into account developed recommendations for social risk management. In accordance with the purpose of the article, the authors set the following goals: - definition and analysis of the conditions of public-private partnership in Ukraine; - identification of the causes and consequences of the development of social risks in terms of road concessions based on the analysis of international experience in the application of tolls on highways; - substantiation of the main directions of social risk management in the conditions of the road concession and formation of the corresponding conclusions. The result of research is the authors' proposed ways to minimize social risks in terms of road concessions.

Environmental protection when processing road-building materials

This article presents the most acceptable ways of recycling waste road building materials, as well as the main measures to eliminate the negative impact on the environment of waste road building materials obtained in the process of construction, restoration and reconstruction of roads. These activities will solve a number of problems associated with the negative impact on the environment of construction waste.

Postdisaster Labor-Demand Surge in the US Highways, Roads, and Bridges Construction Sector

The swift and cost-efficient postdisaster reconstruction of highways, roads, and bridges is a necessary component of resilient transportation infrastructure systems. However, the US construction industry often reports temporary increases in construction labor wages following large-scale disasters due to a gap between labor supply and demand, a concept known as demand surge. Utilizing publicly available big data related to the construction labor market and postdisaster infrastructure repair expenditures, this study seeks to (1) measure construction labor demand surge in the highways, roads, and bridges construction sector following federally-declared disasters in US metro-areas and (2) identify when such postdisaster demand surge occurs. A total of 118 US metro-areas were analyzed for demand surge following federally-declared disaster events from 2004 to 2017. Findings highlight inflated postdisaster construction labor wages in metro-areas, with the demand surge spiking within six months after a disaster. This data-driven study is the first to quantitatively measure postdisaster demand surge in the US highways, roads, and bridges sector following multihazard disaster events. Knowledge of the demand surge can guide predisaster planning and decision-making processes for local, state, and national agencies and inform postdisaster best practices for contractors and engineers coordinating transportation system construction projects.

Analysis on the Problems Existing in the Control and Survey Work in the Reconstruction of Municipal Roads

Analysis on the Problems Existing in the Control and Survey Work in the Reconstruction of Municipal Roads

Prospects for Evaluating the Damageability of Asphalt Concrete Pavements During Cold Recycling

The article considers improvement of the methodology for accounting for the degradation of asphalt concrete working in the upper layers of the pavement. Development of recycling technologies for road structures is an ongoing process; it allows reaching a higher quality of reclaimed materials and using them for subsequent construction of structural layers, including the upper layers without the protective ones, as well as during repair and reconstruction of roads of various technical categories. At the same time, the system of pre-project assessment (diagnostics) of the state of asphalt concrete pavements cannot be considered optimal and effective because the determined indicators demonstrate that, firstly, various surface and structural defects are present, and, secondly, that the indicators mentioned above are more relevant to the road structure as a whole. The joint handling of the theoretical and experimental data allows concluding that damageability level depends on the physical, mechanical and structural properties, the main being maximal structural strength and the number of elastic bonds involved in the deformation process. A variant of modelling of asphalt concrete damageability depending on the work capacity is proposed, when the reduced amount of dissipated energy is replaced with sufficient accuracy for practice by the ratio of the actual number of load application cycles (freezing and thawing cycles) to the limit. A correlation between the level of damageability and the kinetics of changes of the interpore space of asphalt concrete under the influence of strain (temperature, climatic factors) has been established. Results allow fixing (predicting) the level of damageability by measuring the level of water permeability. The research methodology and equipment for implementation thereof was developed earlier, it can be effectively used at the stage of pre-project diagnosis.

Роль науково-технічного супроводу при будівництві автомобільних доріг

Introduction. The analysis of the situation of development of science in the construction industry of Ukraine in the conditions of limited financing of research works at the state level is given. The situation of the issue of compliance of the regulatory base of Ukraine with the requirements of current legislation and the need for constant revision of the requirements for ensuring the reliability and safety of construction sites in the relevant regulations. It is determined that the development of science in the construction industry of Ukraine significantly depends on the creation of conditions for practical and mobile application of innovative technical solutions that require scientific substantiation in assessing the reliability and safety of construction sites. The issue of conducting scientific and technical support of construction sites at different stages of the life cycle is considered. The need to give a new status to the existing procedures for assessing the compliance of innovative technical solutions for their widespread implementation, which will help ensure scientific and technological progress in the construction industry of Ukraine as a whole. Problem Statement. Science has always been an important factor and prerequisite for the development of education, culture, and advanced training. Without the creation of scientific potential, an effective market economy simply cannot develop. Modern science is not only the main form of knowledge of the laws of nature and their use for the benefit of society, but also the most important tool of every person. It is established that the level of development of science and technology is a determining factor in the progress of society, improving the welfare of citizens, their spiritual and intellectual growth. Accordingly, the state should support scientific and scientific-technical activities as a source of economic growth and stimulate the use of the achievements of domestic and world science and technology to meet social, economic, cultural and other needs. Purpose. Defining the basic methodological principles of construction in modern conditions of scientific activity aimed at ensuring the reliability and safety of construction sites. Materials and methods. The importance of scientific and technical support is manifested not only at the stage of design, construction and operation of roads, but also during the monitoring of roads and man-made structures, monitoring their residual life, timely prevention of accidents and emergencies in the operation of existing roads. New construction, reconstruction, repair and operation of roads are always based on scientific and technical achievements and are based on an updated regulatory framework. At the same time, many urgent scientific and technical issues are solved in the process of experimental construction. Results. It is shown that scientific and technical support at the present stage is the main source of new experience, which should be further implemented in the relevant regulations. The necessity of carrying out scientific and technical support by scientific organizations, which are at the same time developers of relevant normative acts and normative documents, is substantiated. The experience of the «Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise» («DerzhdorNDI» SE) on solving problems of scientific activity development is given. Conclusions. Scientific and technical research of the resource of construction objects is reflected in the generalization of the problem of the resource in various sectors of the economy. Based on the experience gained in the construction industry, a number of measures have been taken to strengthen the role of scientific and technical support in the development of the industry.

Scientific objectives of research on road machines life cycle in modern conditions

Introduction. Many tasks in the field of operation of road machines in modern conditions have become irrelevant from a scientific point of view. This is due to the emergence of new regulatory documents that contribute to the solution of many problems, for example, the tasks of forming fleets of road machines for road maintenance. In addition, the active implementation of CALS-technologies; modern monitoring systems for road machines; the commitment to automate and robotic work processes; change in the volume and pace of road construction; increasing requirements for the quality of work performed; extension of the warranty period of road service; the existence of mega road organizations; the absence to date of generally accepted criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of one form or another of organizing maintenance and repair work (unscheduled repairs) of road machines; active development of a network of toll roads, etc. they require a radical review and systematization of issues related to the formulation of scientific problems in the study of the life cycle system of road vehicles in modern conditions.Materials and methods. The well-known methods of mathematical, factor analysis and expert estimates of parameters were used that determine the main differences that affect mainly on the rational operation of road machines. 218.2.018-2012 ‘Methodological recommendations for determining the necessary fleet of road maintenance equipment for the maintenance of roads in the development of road maintenance projects’ industry road methodology (IRM) contributes to the integrated solution of the main tasks of forming parks with vehicles for road maintenance. Today, the ERA-GLONASS system and similar systems are actively used in all areas of the road economy and allow tracking the position and other technical parameters of road machines over a long period of time. In addition, automation and robotization of production processes are actively used.Results. The factor analysis and the method of expert assessments made it possible to identify the main differences between the modern life cycle system of road machines used for the construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of highways than a similar life cycle system of road machines 10-20 years ago. Some features have been identified in the study of the life cycle system of road machines in modern conditions. The main tasks of modern research on the road machines life cycle system are outlined. It has been established that the basis of the industry road guidance documents that have been published at present, as well as those preparing to be published in the nearest future, are largely based on the scientific research conducted 10-20 years ago by Russian scientists. The current industry documents are advisory in modern conditions, which is not always applicable to specific construction objects and sets of road machines, and the installation of tracking systems on road machines only contributes to the scientific research.Discussion and conclusions. In the course of the study, a vector was determined for the further development of such a scientific direction as the study of the life cycle system of the road machines in modern conditions. Some ways are proposed for solving scientific problems, taking into account the modern features of the road machines operations for the construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of roads, which allows scientists, especially the young ones, to more accurately and correctly formulate their scientific problems when setting them at the beginning of the research in this area.

Road Design on Low Bearing Capacity Soils

Soil with weak bearing capacity, like peat and organic grounds, is widespread in Latvia. During the geotechnical investigation for road reconstruction projects, in many cases the discovered soils with low physical-mechanical properties are located below the existing road structure. It is a challenge for a road design engineer to find a way how to ensure road loadbearing capacity and prevent the occurrence of various deformations. Various methods and technologies for ground structure reinforcement and stabilization are being developed worldwide. During design of road structures, it is important to analyse the geotechnical situation and to identify the main reasons why deformations could occur in the ground layers under the road structure. Each of the developed technologies for weak and unstable soil reinforcement, stabilization is designed to solve a specific problem. Inaccurately and carelessly identifying the causes of problems, road deformations can affect the performance of the recently designed road and even make the existing problem worse. The aim of this paper is to show the soil strengthening methods used in Latvia and to analyse the benefits and disadvantages of these methods.

Life cycle assessment as decision-support in choice of road corridor: case study and stakeholder perspectives

Use of life cycle assessment (LCA) in choice of road corridor could reduce environmental impacts of traffic and infrastructure. This paper explores how the LCA model LICCER, designed to compare life cycle climate impact and energy use of alternative road corridors, fulfills practitioners’ requirements concerning data availability and usefulness for decision-making. Results are based on a case study where the model was applied to a Swedish road reconstruction project and a workshop with potential users of the model. In the case study, the shorter construction alternatives had the lowest traffic related impacts and the highest infrastructure related impacts. Earthworks, soil stabilization, and pavement contributed most to infrastructure related impacts. For the stakeholders, the LICCER model was considered useful because it includes both traffic and infrastructure, includes default data that the user can replace by project specific data, identifies possible improvements, and presents results relative to a reference alternative. However, the model could be improved by including further nation specific default data, different traffic scenarios depending on the road corridor, more detailed traffic scenarios, and an uncertainty assessment of the model output. These findings may be useful in the development and improvement of LCA models and when evaluating the suitability of existing models for use in early planning.

Evaluation of Two Improved Schemes at Non-Aligned Intersections Affected by a Work Zone with an Entropy Method

The impact of work zones on traffic is a common problem encountered in traffic management. The reconstruction of roads is inevitable, and it is necessary and urgent to reduce the impact of the work zone on the operation of traffic. There are many existing research results on the influence of highway work zones, including management strategies, traffic flow control strategies, and various corresponding model theories. There are also many research results on the impacts of urban road and subway construction on traffic operation, including construction efficiency, economic impact, and travel matrix. However, there are few studies concerning the choice of work zone location, and most previous studies have assumed that the work zone choice was scientific and reasonable. Therefore, it is reasonable to choose the location of the work zone and to assess whether there is room for improvement in the road form of the work zone, but this remains a research gap. Therefore, we studied a seven-lane main road T-intersection in Xi’an, China, and investigated a work zone located at this intersection that caused a road offset, leading to the non-aligned flow of main traffic. We designed two road improvement schemes and multiple transition schemes, used VISSIM software to evaluate the traffic operation of the two schemes, and used the entropy method to choose the suitability of the two schemes under different conditions. According to the results, in the best case, the driving time, delay, and number of stops are reduced by 44%, 66%, and 92%.

Evaluating the Mechanical Performance Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Rejuvenated with Different Rejuvenators

The importance of sustainability in road construction using and renewing the Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) resulting from the reconstruction or periodic maintenance of roads is a challenge that requires the use of regenerative additions to restore the characteristics of the old bitumen in pure rap, in order to improve the performance properties of these renewable mixers. As there are many promising studies in this regard. The objective of this study is to recycle and restore RAP using two types of renovators; Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) and Asphalt Cement (AC (85-100)). Five percentages (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3) % by weight of both types of renovators were added to the RAP, separately, for the purpose of rejuvenation. Marshall Test was performed on the renovated samples to obtain the optimum percentages, which will be adopted in subsequent tests, which include; indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength Ratio (TSR) and Duple Punch Shear Strength Test (DPSST) to evaluate the performance of rejuvenated RAP mixes and compare them with the original RAP. The outcomes indicated that (1.5 and 2.5) % are the optimal percentages for (WCO and AC (85-100)), respectively. In addition, the results of the performance tests indicated that the renovated RAP mixes are better than the original RAP in terms of stability, temperature susceptibility, stripping resistance and resistance to moisture damage, as well as achieving the specification requirements for the surface course. This indicates that the recycling process is of economic, environmental benefit and industrial sustainability.

KAJIAN PENERAPAN ZONA PENGENDALIAN LALU LINTAS PADA PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN JALAN

Road works are almost close with moving traffic and potentially causing traffic disruption, congestion, delay, frustration, and more can cause collisions that would injure or kill road users and road workers. In order to remain resilient, the road worker must apply the zone concept on road works. This study aims to evaluate the application of Safety Technical Guidance on Road Work Location conducted by PT. Citra Muda Noer Bersaudara on Road Reconstruction of Junction (Koto Baru) - Jambi Border segment. So do a direct observation of the road work zone implemented by the contractor and compare it with the applicability in the guide. The implementation of the road work zone carried out by the contractor on the work package under review still lacks. In the implementation, the lack of which always occurs in every job implementation is the absence of a termination zone in all types of work, the transition zone is only applied to asphalt work, the early warning zone is only applied to road concrete work, asphalt overlay work and road shoulder work. Speed survey results show that the implementation of road work zone applied by the contractor can reduce the speed of the vehicle.

Stress analysis of asphalt mixture in the indirect tensile strength test

Nowadays asphalt mixture is the most used material in the construction and reconstruction of roads. It is used for its advantages, such as availability of materials, flexibility and no need for dilatation. However, the asphalt mixture has one disadvantage, namely temperature sensitivity. At different temperatures it exhibits different physical-mechanical properties. For a better understanding of the physical-mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture, we can use complex rheological models. Complex rheological models can describe the viscoelastic behaviour of the asphalt mixture with a high prediction. Laboratory tests are required to determine input values for complex rheological models. The article is focused on the analysis of asphalt mixture in the indirect tensile strength test and compare with numerical solution.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ХРАНЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАЛЕПЛАВИЛЬНЫХ ШЛАКОВ В ОТВАЛАХ НА ИХ СВОЙСТВА

construction, repair and reconstruction of roads require high costs of mineral raw materials in the form of sand, gravel, mineral powder. However, its reserves on the territory of our country are distributed unevenly, which causes significant transportation costs for the delivery of mineral resources to construction sites. In addition, mineral resources are inevitably reduced over time, which requires extensive involvement in the construction of roads of non-traditional types of raw materials, as well as industrial waste. The paper presents the results of studies of the properties of electric steel slag, the current output and stored in the dumps for several years. The main component of electric steel-smelting slags, both fresh and dumped, lying in dumps for about 20 years, is shannonite or γ-modification of calcium orthosilicate C2S. It has been established that the mineralogical composition of the Oskol Electrometallurgical Combine's slag is represented by hematite, wuistite, calcite, periclase, and also portlandite, formed during quenching of lime. Analysis of diffractograms of slags of different shelf life shows that in the initial periods of slag storage in the dumps there is a final quenching of lime and its carbonization with the formation of calcite. The results of the determination of the granulometric composition of the slag of different storage periods showed a decrease with time of the number of fine fractions and an increase in large fractions. It is established that when using electric steel-smelting slags in the construction and repair of highways, it is necessary to take into account changes in the physical and mechanical properties of materials. The processes that take place during the maintenance of slags in dumps determine the suitability of the use of slag mineral materials in road construction.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ДОРОГ В ГОРНЫХ РАЙОНАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ДАГЕСТАН

The article deals with the main problems in the reconstruction of mountain roads. The main reasons for the need to perform works on reconstruction and bringing the existing network of roads in mountainous areas in accordance with the requirements of traffic safety are given. The characteristic of the main types of works which are provided at reconstruction of mountain roads for improvement of their transport and operational qualities is given. The problems of widening of the roadbed, roadway and roadsides affecting the modes and traffic safety during the reconstruction of mountain roads are considered. The sequence of work on the feasibility study of the width of the roadway and the roadbed in the reconstruction of mountain roads is proposed

Quality road surfacing: two stages of control over design concept

This article examines the questions of improving the quality of design concepts on construction and reconstruction of roads. The primary subject of this research is the road surface, the quality of which directly affects the convenience and safety of traffic. The author also assesses the effectiveness of the system “subgrade – road surface” in the conditions of cyclical dynamic load from vehicles and temporal variability of the characteristics of soil ground-geological environment. An overview is conducted on the relevant requirements to engineering of road surface and efficiency assessment of design concepts. The author considers the national and foreign experience of road construction, including modern software  solutions. The two key aspects of selection and efficiency assessment of design solutions are formulated. The article describes the concept, algorithm and results of implementation of comprehensive methodology for assessing efficiency of engineering and construction of road surfaces. Detailed analysis is conducted on the stages of mathematical modeling and effectiveness of the system “subgrade – road surface”. An undisputable scientific novelty of this research consists in application of the modern mathematical apparatus, methods and techniques of linear programming, together with the leading company on the development of software for design and construction of roads. The necessity and practical importance of the elaborated concept on efficiency assessment of design concepts is confirmed by implementation into the practice of road construction. The conclusion is made that the application of integrated index of the effectiveness of construction of road surfaces, coupled with software packages for assessing the stress-deformed condition of soil ground-geological systems, allow eliminated the design errors and ensure maximal reliability and safety of roads under construction of reconstruction.

To the problem of examination and inspection of automobile roads

Problem statement. According to the data on the accounting for the movement of vehicles on the roads of Ukraine, the increase in the intensity of movement of cars for the calendar year is on average 1.5…2 %, but their economic efficiency for a number of reasons does not meet the requirements of the regulatory documents of the country. The discrepancy between the requirements for the road and its actual condition is gradually increasing, especially in the conditions of a significant limitation of funds allocated for the maintenance and repair of roads. Under these conditions, general contracting and contracting organizations compensate for the costs of repairing or building new roads by reducing the thickness of the road base and, first of all, asphalt concrete pavements, as a result of which many necessary types of construction and repair work are not performed in full. Thus, based on the experience of experts and the number of examinations carried out, the problem of improving the methodology for verifying the effectiveness of the use of funds provided for repair work on Ukrainian roads is currently a very urgent task. Purpose. Recommendations for improving the quality of the performed inspections on the examination of operated, reconstructed and repaired automobile roads (road sections) for compliance with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation. Conclusion. Determining the quality and checking the effectiveness of the use of funds provided for the construction, reconstruction and repair of roads in our country in order to improve their condition at the moment is still very relevant. For a high-quality, operational and objective assessment of the quality of the roads examined and determination of the cost of volumes actually performed on construction, reconstruction and repair work, it is necessary to equip all interested participants with modern mobile road laboratories, which can significantly improve the quality of the inspections performed.

Automation of road construction

This article discusses the creation and application of the building model information (Building Information Modeling) during the creation and operation of road infrastructure. The article reveals the problem of reducing the costs of the production process and optimizing costs that plague all construction companies. In addition to the many activities that are carried out in organizations to improve automation systems, the problem still remains relevant, as it is difficult to process a large stream of incoming information that accompanies work with objects using modern tools. The authors of this article say that the practical part of BIM in road construction consists in collecting the necessary information from the object and its further implementation in a 3D model, since at the operational stage, planning for repair and maintenance work is provided, which includes the corresponding costs. In addition, the article discusses the automation of road construction, consisting in a tracking system (monitoring) of the condition of the road surface. In turn, Rosavtodor began to actively use the technology of cold regeneration and stabilization of asphalt concrete pavements, it is also cold recycling, which can improve the condition and durability of the roadway. Currently, experts are working on a method of monitoring the status of pavements. This article discusses the process of road reconstruction using 3D technology, divided into 4 separate stages. They include the main stages of the construction of the roadway: survey, design, transfer of the project to the site and milling.

IMPACT OF WATER AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS ON SUBGRADE IN ROAD-BUILDING CLIMATIC ZONE V IN KYRGYZSTAN

This paper presents research results of subgrade deformations leading to the loss of road stability on the Osh-Isfana road section in the South of Kyrgyzstan. The soil humidity of the sloping subgrade area occurs due to precipitation, so the paper considers the relationship between the subgrade settlement and atmospheric precipitation in the road-climatic zone V. The influence of the soil humidity on its physical and mechanical properties are determined as well as the critical values of humidity for each investigated area, when deformation can occur. The geological structure and parameters of physical and mechanical properties of soils are determined in the road section at issue. Subgrade settlement is evaluated and predicted in this work. The results can be used in road design and reconstruction with regard to the geological conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic.