Reconstruction Of Residential Buildings Research Articles

FEATURES OF SUPERSTRUCTURE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS THE FIRST MASS SERIES OF TYPICAL PROJECTS

Based on the study of domestic and foreign experience, the results of field surveys, questionnaires, project modeling and logical analysis, options for the reconstruction of residential buildings of the 60-70s in terms of superstructure of several floors. The constructive and spatial planning features of typical houses, the main problems and tasks that need to be solved in the process of reconstruction are considered. The expediency of superstructures in contrast to wear is substantiated, variants of superstructures on substructures and with a support on bearing designs of houses, rational constructive systems, optimum receptions of the decision of out-of-apartment communications, demanded types of apartments are analyzed.Key words: residential building, section, reconstruction, superstructure, constructions, elevators, floor, apartment.

Socio-economic prerequisites for reconstruction of residential buildings of the first mass series

The article considers normative-legal, town-planning, technical and technological aspects of the problem of deployment of mass reconstruction and modernization of large-block residential buildings of the first mass series. Analysis and generalization of practical experience in the design and implementation of mass reconstruction of residential buildings of the first mass series in Ukraine and abroad shows that with the introduction of innovative approaches to the design of spatial planning and design solutions, application of modern and well-established technologies for their reconstruction economic, resource-saving, energy-saving, environmental protection and architectural and aesthetic benefits. The analysis of modern researches testifies to expediency of introduction of methods of reconstruction. An important aspect of mass reconstruction is the economic attractiveness for investors, this parameter is most widely discussed in this article. It is also important that the moral obsolescence of the building began much earlier than the physical, and the needs of people and the requirements for comfort increased significantly, which suggests the need for mass reconstruction of buildings of the first mass series. The condition for the deployment of mass reconstruction and modernization of large residential buildings of the first mass series is a comprehensive justification of its social, urban, regulatory and technological feasibility, as well as economic attractiveness for investors. This provision is taken as the task of this article. Analysis and generalization of normative-legal, social and technological aspects of reconstruction of large-block residential buildings of the first mass series and practical experience of designing and implementation of such reconstruction are accepted as the main research methods. On the example of the city of Chernivtsi the scheme of building of the city was developed and the percentage of building by buildings of the first mass series was calculated. This allows you to pay attention to the mass nature of the issue.

Modern foreign experience of reconstruction of residential buildings of mass series

The article considers the experience of reconstruction of residential buildings of mass series of 1950-1970 in foreign countries, where most of the houses do not meet the modern requirements of the population and require improvement of planning and spatial solutions.

Особенности современных подходов при реконструкции фасадов жилых зданий

Modern approaches to the reconstruction of the facades of residential buildings are considered, a comparative analysis between the approaches to reconstruction in the domestic and foreign construction industry is carried out. The reconstruction of residential buildings is one of the important directions for solving the housing problem. It allows not only to extend the life cycle, but also significantly improve the quality of housing, eliminate communal settlement, equip houses with modern engineering equipment, improve the architectural expressiveness of buildings, increase their energy efficiency, operational reliability and durability.

Реконструкция и модернизация зданий, введенных в эксплуатацию во второй половине XX века

Currently, in Russian cities, a significant part of the housing stock in the areas of existing development has a high level of physical and moral wear and tear. Reconstruction of residential buildings will not only extend the life cycle, but also significantly improve the quality of housing, equip homes with modern engineering equipment, improve the architectural expressiveness of buildings and increase their energy efficiency.

Проблемы реконструкции жилых зданий ранних периодов постройки

The article deals with the main problems of reconstruction of residential buildings of early construction periods, which are associated with outdated structural and spatial planning solutions. The main methods and ways to solve them are noted. Reconstruction of residential buildings can improve the technical and operational quality and increase the level of comfort of living.

기성시가지 필지별 토지이용 변화 예측을 위한 기계학습 모델 개발에 관한 연구: 서울시 신축 발생 예측을 중심으로

기성시가지 필지별 토지이용 변화 예측을 위한 기계학습 모델 개발에 관한 연구: 서울시 신축 발생 예측을 중심으로

Effective organizational solutions to reconstruction of residential buildings of first mass series

Problem statement. The study deals with the investigation of impact of organizational and technological factors on the reconstruction indexes of first mass series houses. It also aims at identifying effective organizational solutions to execution of works in conditions of residents’ resettlement. Currently, we have a great amount of the residential buildings built in 1960−80-ies that need urgent reconstruction. Completed projects are characterized by variety of executed works. Therefore, it is difficult to trace the dependence between factors and reconstruction indexes. To investigate such projects, the series of houses potentially profitable for reconstruction, as well as the list of work have been determined. The studies were carried out on the basis of experimental and statistical modeling, according to which we conducted the planned series of alteration tests of reconstruction conditions by simultaneous impact of factors on reconstruction indexes. The factors with the most substantial impact on the indexes were selected, and variation range for every factor was determined. Abstract models were made to copy the reconstruction of the residential building of 1-4382.5-7 series. The numerical indexes of reconstruction were obtained.The purpose of the article is to determine the areas of effective organizational and technological solutions to reconstruction of residential buildings of first mass series by mathematical modeling. For this reason, mathematical models of impact factors on reconstruction indexes were made and tested by means of software. Conclusions. On the basis of experimental and statistical modeling we have carried out the tests of changes of reconstruction indexes (durability, cost, profitability), depending on the given factors (number of working hours per week, coefficient of overlapping works, necessary replacements of openings and utility systems) for the first time.The charts of impact factors on indexes are made on the basis of the tests. The feasible numerical values of indexes are determined. The areas of effective organizational solutions are identified by chart analysis.

Analysis of Approaches to the Implementation of Programs for the Urban Complexes Reconstruction in Russia

The article analyzes the methodological approaches to the development of comprehensive programs for housing construction and reconstruction of residential buildings at the level of a large city in the current socio-economic conditions of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the recommendations on the formation of implementation models using the tools offered by socio-economic programming and investment design. The study may add a new look at the formation of urban planning formations (complexes), which act as objects of management in the reconstructive construction sector. Such entities in the context of this study are identified as complex objects of reconstruction, built on the basis of economic feasibility and the provisions of a single urban policy.

РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ, КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ РЕНОВАЦИИ ЖИЛЫХ ДОМОВ ПЕРВЫХ МАССОВЫХ СЕРИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КРЫМ

Foreign and domestic experience of renovation of houses of the first mass series is generalized. It is shown that the reconstruction of residential buildings is the most effective way of renovation. The methods of reconstruction and the factors that need to be taken into account in their implementation are given.

Possibility of using super-thin liquid thermal insulation for protection of steel beams embedded in brick wall exterior under building reconstruction

The article presents the results of calculations on changing the thermophysical properties of the connectivity node of the outer wall and the balcony plate resting on the cantilever fixed steel beams. A variant of insulation of steel beams with super-thin liquid insulation under the reconstruction of existing brick buildings with single-layer brick walls is proposed. The graphical analysis of the problem was carried out. The results of calculations of temperature with linear thermophysical properties show that the method of steel beams insulation within the conditions of reconstruction of residential buildings makes it possible to increase the building life. When using super-thin thermal insulation coatings, it is possible to reduce the local freezing of the balcony plate.

Numerical simulation on the outdoor thermal comfort in view of urban renewal: A case study of Changsha, China

Urban Renewal plays an important role in urban economic development and urban construction in China. A large number of cities are currently developing towards high-rise and high-density models which will affect microclimate. Firstly, it analysed the impact on urban wind and thermal environment during the removal and reconstruction of residential buildings using ENVI-met. Secondly, the correlation between wind and the thermal environment with building arrangement, building density, building height and green ratio in 7 ideal cases were studied. Thirdly, the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was simulated by RayMan to assess thermal sensation. Finally, a case study of Changsha was simulated, where a factory was reconstructed to residential buildings. The results showed that 1) The redeveloped site will affect the neighbour outdoor thermal comfort within the range of 100m, and the impact will be insignificant beyond 100m. 2) During the daytime, higher building height and building density can result in 0.05°C-0.13°C lower PET value. 3) Green space is more effective than the residential area in cooling at night during the summer.

Enhancing technological processes in building construction and reconstruction by means of new technologies

This article covers three efficient technologies of construction operations, implementation of which would improve technological processes of building construction and reconstruction. Dealing with reconstruction and repair of enclosing structures in industrial buildings in very confined space due to the current production process, authors apply technology of craneless wall panels installation and dismounting of structures using existing funnel as a supporting element. While carrying out concrete works, the authors suggest using mixing technology on preliminarily processed water batched by electric field of soluble electrodes to improve physical and technological properties of concrete mixtures. For construction and reconstruction of residential buildings with sloping roofs, replacement or repair of metal roof, the authors propose to use sloping roof construction, heat-insulated with thermo panels, fastened to trusses by means of dowel system.

Pre-project assessment of the renovation of five-storey buildings carrying out without demolition with relocation of the residents

The relevance of the problem is due to the lack of a methodology for assessing the urban-planning and investment potential of the five-storey buildings of a residential quarter during renovation without demolition with the relocation of the residents. The article is aimed to substantiate the consequences of the renovation of the residential quarters, considering the specifics and sequence of the reconstruction of the residential houses without demolition with the relocation of the residents, construction of the starting house (s), landscaping and greenery. The leading method in the study of this problem is the formation of scientific information based on a project experiment that allows setting the possibilities of carrying out renovation without demolition with resettlement of residents. At the same time, various typological characteristics of the territory of the existing buildings and the functional loads are taken into account determined by the number of inhabitants, the availability and capacity of kindergarten and school establishments, social objects, landscaping and greenery, parking garages. The main result of the article is the proposed methodology for the pre-project estimation of the urban- planning and investment potential of the five-storey buildings with its renovation without demolition with resettlement of residents, including: 1) schemes for the successive relocation of residents to the starting houses and outbuildings; 2) the establishment of indicators of the total area and number of floors of the starting houses; objects of social and transport infrastructure; The proposed methodology allows evaluating and choosing a rational solution for the planning of the renovation of the residential quarter. The materials of the article can be useful for architects, urban planners, scientists in the field of urban planning, renovation and reconstruction of residential buildings, in the educational process for students studying in the direction of "Urban planning", as well as administrative bodies of settlements, developers, investors and other interested persons in the investment of renovation of residential buildings.

Directions of improving the efficiency of mechanisms of the state risk management in the process of regulation of investment activity in construction

The article proves that an important condition for the economic growth of the country is to find effective mechanisms in the state regulation of investment activity in construction, for this it is necessary: to clearly define the priorities for the development of construction for the long-term period; to ensure a system of coherence and stability of the legislative framework, especially on the formation and functioning of special economic zones, territories for priority development; to reduce the tax burden on enterprises investing resources in the investment development of the construction industry; create equal conditions for competition; to direct investment in priority construction projects in terms of efficiency; provide government guarantees to investors and consolidate them at the legislative level; to ensure minimization of investment risks and the like. It was noted that the main tasks of implementing the initiatives of digitalization of state institutions in the process of state regulation of investment in construction. As a result of the conducted research, the organizational and economic model of the state mechanism for attracting investments in the construction of Ukraine has been developed, which differs from the existing components of investment activity in construction (goal, subjects, objects) by the system association, taking into account international directions of state regulation of the industry, methods of forming investment policy in the field of construction; taking into account the modern concept of the development of the digital economy and the society of Ukraine, approved by the government for the next two years. It is noted that in order to solve the housing problem, first of all, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the companies involved in the construction, design and reconstruction of residential buildings. These conditions include improving the system of crediting housing construction (including commercial objects), corporate and monetary funds, attracting additional international resources, etc. Promising elements of housing policy development are the creation of mortgage, residential loans, insurance companies and other market structures that make it possible to finance housing construction. Of course, it is impossible to fully implement a new housing policy without reforming the wage system, which would create conditions for the interest of the population in using their incomes and savings for the construction, acquisition, and rental of housing.

A Real-Time Energy Consumption Simulation and Comparison of Buildings in Different Construction Years in the Olympic Central Area in Beijing

Energy consumed the in urban sector accounts for a large proportion of total world delivered energy consumption. Residential building energy consumption is an important part of urban energy consumption. However, there are few studies focused on this issue and that have simulated the energy consumption of residential buildings using questionnaire data. In this research, an eQUEST study was conducted for different residential buildings in the Olympic Central Area in Beijing. Real-time meteorological observation data and an actual energy consumption schedule generated by questionnaire data were used to improve the eQUEST model in the absence of actual energy consumption data. The simulated total energy consumption of residential buildings in the case area in 2015 is 21,262.28 tce, and the average annual energy consumption per unit area is 20.09 kgce/(m2·a). Space heating accounted for 45% of the total energy consumption as the highest proportion, and the second highest was household appliances, which accounted for 20%. The results showed that old residential buildings, multi-storey buildings and large-sized apartment buildings consume more energy. The internal units, building height, per capita construction area, the number of occupants and length of power use had significant impact on residential energy consumption. The result of this study will provide practical reference for energy saving reconstruction of residential buildings in Beijing.

Some aspects of energy efficiency in the reconstruction of residential buildings in Ukraine.

The paper discusses the main aspects of the energy renovation of residential buildings. Measures to ensure the energy efficiency reconstruction of buildings are: thermo-building; the establishment of the accounting system and regulation of energy consumption; modernization of heating systems, hot water supply, ventilation, air conditioning and lighting; the use of local renewable and / or alternative energy sources; of the test as the heating, ventilation, airconditioning and hot water supply of buildings in accordance with the law; implementation of other measures to improve energy efficiency.

Indicators of energy efficiency and environmental safety at residential buildings reconstruction.

In this article presented the principles of functioning of working groups for the development of an integrated approach in the field of energy-saving and environmental safety. Also, proposer the use of research centers and monitoring laboratories for obtaining adequate data, analytical calculations, and control during the reconstruction of residential buildings. It was argued that a "platform" was developed to develop key indicators of energy efficiency, appropriate methodologies, tools, and methods for controlling and managing energy efficiency and environmental safety. The implementation of the proposed plans will increase the level of environmental safety and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which will make a significant contribution to combating global climate change.

The development of methods for the assessment and selection of rational organizational and technological solutions of complex reconstruction of residential buildings

The research of development of methods of estimation and choice of rational organizational-and-technological decisions of reconstruction of building objects including the complex reconstruction of dwelling building is executed.

Educational Reconnaissance of the Area Affected by the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake—Three Years Later

Findings from a reconnaissance effort to the area affected by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan are reported in this paper. The reconnaissance team comprised eight graduate students from the three U.S. earthquake engineering research centers (MAE, MCEER, and PEER). The mission provided an opportunity to assess, three years later, the response of the engineering community to this major earthquake that caused extensive loss of life and property. This educational reconnaissance effort was hosted by Taiwan's National Center for Research in Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in May 2002. Researchers from NCREE first presented extensive information on the observed failures, the repairs and reconstruction, as well as the lessons learned and changes in future engineering practice before an intensive site visit. In this paper, observations on the performance/repair/retrofit and reconstruction of residential buildings and bridges are reported. Although most bridge structures were retrofitted or rebuilt with state-of-the-art engineered solutions, most low-rise mixed commercial-residential buildings were retrofitted with non-engineered techniques often conceived and carried out by local contractors. Furthermore, the structural configuration of the mixed commercial-residential building that suffered the most serious damage is still rather commonly applied in Taiwan. The organization and the educational value of this reconnaissance experience are also discussed.