Reconstruction Of Historical Buildings Research Articles

Sacred sites, identity, and resilience - on the retrieval of collective and historic identity across religious and cultural difference

This study explores the role of eminent buildings and shrines of cultural and religious significance for collective and individual identities, in the context of present culture with its disruptions of tradition, in cultural and religious regard. It draws on the renewed awareness of this connection, that developed in public debate in France, after the arson of eminent cathedrals, and in Germany, in debate about the reconstruction of historic buildings after reunification. The controversies are presented and viewed with regard to the changing contexts of secularisation, migration and religious plurality. The recent debates are understood as indication of a gradual recognition of the role of ‘symbolic landscapes’ and of the value of relating to them, for the sake of strengthening the bond with historical identity and heritage, as intrinsically connected. The growing or reluctant realisation that this includes the religious dimension, is noted – with both Christianity and Paganism. Theory about the symbolic function of eminent religious buildings is included. This is considered, in particular, with regard to religious and cultural pluralism as condition of reception, for a strengthening of a common and shared symbolic landscape, relevant to identity. It includes a view to ‘pilgrimage’ as mode of connecting to such sites. The essay also takes restored and rediscovered sacred sites in Africa into view. Here the disruptions and devaluation of historical identity due to colonialism is kept in view as background. Eminent examples of reconstructed shrines as centres of a spiritual and cultural geography, reinforcing collective and individual identity, are presented, as. An example of active appropriation of ancient sacred sites of previous populations is also mentioned, from South Africa, as means of cultural and spiritual ‘territorialisation’.

Evaluation of Renovation Projects of Urban Villages and Historic Buildings in Shenzhen

With the continuous improvement of the urbanization level, urban construction and scale expansion, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the urban social economy, promote the rational and effective use of the urban land, improve the urban environment quality and urban facilities, urban areas must carry out the planned transformation. Aiming at Shenzhen, this paper discusses the principles of reconstruction, analyzes existing problems, and puts forward suggestions from the two directions of reconstruction of urban villages and historical buildings. The reconstruction of urban villages mainly follows the principle of the comprehensive renovation. The main problems are high rent, poor environment and high demolition costs. We suggest optimizing the structure of public space, unified government planning and guidance, more professional policies, market-oriented construction, and encouraging rural collective economic organizations to transform themselves. The reconstruction of historical buildings mainly follows the protection planning policies of historic areas. The existing problems include large-scale demolition and construction, lack of features and imperfect commercialization of historic districts. We suggest that the protection of ancient buildings should be strengthened, the architectural styles should be diversified, and other functions should be introduced in addition to the original residential functions.

Seismic performance evaluation and strengthening proposal for a reconstruction project of a historic masonry building demolished in the 1940s

For heritage structures demolished or disappeared over the years, reconstruction projects are prepared based on the original architecture and structural characteristics. Before reconstruction of historic buildings, which represent construction techniques and material characteristics of their era, assessing seismic performance is very important. Otherwise, these valuable heritage buildings may pose a risk of earthquake-induced collapse. However, this important procedure is mostly overlooked in reconstruction practices. Accordingly, the current paper presents a seismic evaluation of a reconstruction project for a historic masonry building built in 1866 and was later demolished in the 1940s. Linear, nonlinear, and kinematic limit analyses were conducted. The seismic performance was determined by comparing the shear force and inter-story drifts as well as overturning and bending behaviors with the limit values given in the code. As the seismic performance level was found to be inadequate, a strengthening proposal was made. It is believed that the evaluation methodology including global and local analyses as well as the strengthening technique presented in the current study would make a valuable contribution to the literature on the reconstruction of disappeared or demolished buildings based on the original construction technique and materials.

RECONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS USING BIM TECHNOLOGIES DURING CITY RENEWAL IN UKRAINE

Problem statement. Russia's military aggression against Ukraine destroyed and damaged a large number of houses and seriously affected the civilian infrastructure. Residential areas and objects of social infrastructure are being destroyed every day. The implementation of capital repairs, reconstruction of damaged buildings and construction of new ones does not stop even despite the escalation of the conflict. Reconstruction of war-damaged buildings becomes a priority area. For a number of objects, it will not be economically justified, but there remains a large number of residential houses, historical buildings and monuments of cultural heritage that require restoration and reconstruction. The emergency situation with high-rise buildings and other objects that are subject to reconstruction is complicated by the fact that new solutions, non-typical structural units, various modifications must be made to the design model, and strengthening of old floors and load-bearing structures must be taken into account. A complex design scheme and an increased volume of information require the introduction of modern technology at the stage of development of project documentation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the necessity of using BIM technologies in the reconstruction of buildings that were destroyed as a result of a full-scale war. Visually demonstrate the advantages of BIM for connecting engineering networks and reinforcement elements to ensure effective cooperation of different specialists, define the role of information model in the reconstruction of historical buildings, where any change in the appearance of the object must be carefully considered and reasoned.

Conservation of Balinese Customary Buildings with BIM Technology Approach

Digitizing architectural heritage information has become an important task during these past years. However, only a few studies have addressed the digitization of historic building models for conservation and restoration purposes. As historical building conservation began to decline, many historical buildings are being abandoned and converted into modern facilities in response to our changing needs. The conservation attempt can be made simple by utilizing the Building Information Modeling (BIM), and High Definition Survey (HDS) approaches. These technologies are considered brand new in managing important information related to 3D models, providing us with semantic information and accurate information in both position and elevation. HDS data is constructed in the form of point clouds generated by the collaboration of survey equipment such as GNSS, Drones, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, and high-performance computers. Point cloud data is registered, filtered, and georeferenced before using BIM modeling. This study resulted from registering point cloud data with RMSE 3mm and customary semantic information. The BIM model based on accurate point cloud data is expected to be a solution and a reference in carrying out the conservation and reconstruction of historical buildings in the future.

FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL HOUSING

The article is devoted to current issues related to housing reconstruction in Ukraine, as well as ways to solve it. Domestic and foreign experience of re-planning of existing apartments, reconstruction of historical buildings with superstructure of attics, additional floors or without them is covered. In modern urban development today there is a significant fund of residential buildings from previous historical epochs and styles. The state of planning of the vast majority of buildings does not agree with the current sanitary, fire and functional requirements and does not meet modern design conditions. This condition requires professional work of specialists who are able to write out the specified problems.

An approach for the reconstruction of a traditional masonry-wooden building located in an archeological area. Part I: Methodology

This study, presented in a pair of articles, defines a comprehensive methodological approach to the reconstruction of a traditional masonry-timber mansion building constructed in the 1880s of the Turkish house typology on Istanbul’s historical peninsula area that was intentionally demolished in 1948. A historical process research was carried out in the first stage of the study, after which ground penetration radar measurements and an archeological excavation were carried out to determine any possible remains or ruins of the structure, and the original architectural features of the demolished building were ascertained from the obtained data. The proposed stages in the current paper can be considered a comprehensive approach to the determination of the authentic properties of demolished or destroyed buildings in historical areas, given that the methodology allows for the integration of construction features obtained separately and independently through different activities, such as excavations, georadar measurements and historical surveys. The result is a versatile approach to the complete and realistic reconstruction of historical buildings.

Ultimate permissible additional hogging of a brick wall during the reconstruction of a historical building

The paper analyzes the possible development of an approach limiting additional deformations of the base of a building during reconstruction. We consider the ultimate permissible value of additional relative hogging in a brickwork wall without reinforcement (f/L)ad,u, which is important for the solution of tasks on the reconstruction of historical buildings. The ultimate values of tensile deformations in a wall can serve as a safety criterion for uneven building settlements. The use of this criterion makes it possible to set more precise values (f/L)ad,u for a brick wall as compared with the values used in Construction Regulations SP 22.13330.

Valuation of construction work on architectural heritage and its influence on project implementation decision

The article deals with the description of the methodology for determining the prices of construction work used most often in the reconstruction of historic buildings. The procedure is based on parametric estimating of buildings and on traditional tools and principles of pricing. The historic building is divided into structural parts and technological units. Structural elements are individually valued at the unit price, which was created on the basis of sub-budget. Very strict rules are set for the financing of cultural monuments and the method of valuation is based on the price systems’ methodology. The research also included an analysis of market prices and a subsequent comparison with indicative prices. Proper estimate of historic buildings’ reconstruction cost is also an important input for the decision-making process regarding the actual implementation of the project, its method of execution and its life cycle cost determination.

Estimating Damaged Volume of Historic Pagodas in Bagan after Earthquake using 3D Hough Transform

On 24th August 2016, the magnitude of a 6.8 earthquake struck in Bagan from the depth of 52 miles. This earthquake caused much damage in historic pagodas in Bagan, one of the archeological houses in Asia. Analyzing the affected areas is an essential task for the restoration and reconstruction of historic buildings after a disaster. Traditional methods of detecting damage to buildings focus on detecting 2D changes (i.e., only the appearance of the image), but the 2D information provided by the image is not sufficient when it involves detecting damage to buildings is often not precise. For finding out the solution, a method of 3D change detection is needed for estimating the volumes of damaged pagodas after the earthquake. The proposed system aims at producing a quick assessment of the damaged pagodas accurately and correctly. This system estimates the damaged volume of the pagoda based on the nature of the 3D point clouds. Post-earthquake photos are taken using an anonymous aircraft (UAV) and point cloud data is generated using VisualSFM software. The 3D Hough transform is used to find the intersection of the tower vertex and the 3D vertex at the line boundary. Besides, the proposed system can detect the reformed structure of the entire pagoda. The results show that the proposed approach facilitates the automated 3D detection of damaged pagodas and is a time-saving method for estimating the volume of damage caused to precious historic pagodas after a disaster.

Heritage Protection Regulations in Germany and their Relations to Fire Safety Demands

Historical constructions are an important value of the world’s cultural heritage. Nearly each day, newspapers inform about fire damages in protected buildings. One reason is that historical constructions often are very fire sensible due to ancient building methods and easily flammable building materials. Therefore, fire safety regulations contribute in an essential way to the countries’ heritage protection. Furthermore, they avoid personal injury, property loss and environmental damage. Heritage protection law tries to preserve historic buildings but, in Germany, it often collides with various safety requirements, such as on load-bearing capacity and fire safety. The paper analyzes recent German heritage protection regulations for preservation and reconstruction of historical buildings and shows the difficulties to balance the interests of heritage protection on the one side and safety aspects on the other side. The authors explain various concepts of fire safety in historical constructions as well as current German legal and technical fire protection regulations for historical buildings. On the example of fire safety demands, the authors show the difficult relationship between heritage protection and safety requirements. They conclude that safety regulations and historical structure protection should not be antagonists but rather collaborate in the interest of preservation of cultural heritage.

RECONSTUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING FOKSAL 13 AND 15 IN WARSAW

We were asked to design geotechnical structures to enable reconstruction of historical buildings. Buildings have to meet current standards so load bearing capacity had to be increased and underground garages can be built. A description of the securing construction pit is described below as well as the design of the deep foundation. The construction pit was secured by jet-grouting columns with struts and soil nails. Parts of the walls were underpinned by micropile trestles. Jet-grouting columns were also used for the deep foundation of existing walls.

Reconstruction of Historical Buildings using Structure from Motion (SfM) Applications. An Operational Evaluation and Graphic Analysis

Reconstruction of Historical Buildings using Structure from Motion (SfM) Applications. An Operational Evaluation and Graphic Analysis

文化財「復原」無用論 歴史学研究の観点から

文化財「復原」無用論 歴史学研究の観点から

In a broken world: Towards an ethics of repair in the Anthropocene

With the power to break Earth Systems comes responsibility to care for them, and arguably to repair them. Climate geoengineering is one possible approach. But repair is under-researched and underspecified in this context. In a first attempt to establish basic principles for the obligations of repair in the Anthropocene, five disciplines of repair are briefly reviewed: reconstruction of historic buildings; remediation of human bodies; restoration of ecosystems; reconfiguration of cultural materials and artifacts; and reconciliation of broken relationships. In each case ethical practices and debates are described to help identify key themes and challenges in understanding repair. Three interlinked pragmatic ethics or virtues of repair in the Anthropocene are suggested: care, integrity, and legibility. Implications for climate geoengineering, climate politics, and the possibilities of climate justice are explored. Climate repair is defended against objections that it would exacerbate a moral hazard effect, or frame climate responses as politically conservative.

Hygrothermal Behaviour of Newly Developed Thermal Insulation Plasters with Natural Fibres

Throughout history, natural fibres have been known to be added in plaster mixes in order in order to prevent the formation of microcracks. These plasters can still be encountered during reconstruction of historical buildings but are used in new buildings as well. The goal of this research was to develop new, low energy cost thermal insulation plasters with natural fibres and afterwards examine and analyse their hygrothermal transport. Given their presumable application in the rehabilitation of old and historical buildings which often suffer from damp and salt attack, the research was also focused on the examination of their capillary activity.

The Concept of Historic Authenticity and Its Methdology for Preservation of Historic Urban Areas in Chinese Contexts

According to the Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China, ‘‘heritage sites must be historically authentic,’’ which means that physical remains of heritage sites must be in their historic condition and truly and credibly reflect the site’s historic reality. The concept of historic authenticity is inherently related to the spiritual perspective of authenticity in Chinese culture. This spiritual value legitimizes Chinese restoration traditions related to physical fabric renewal, in particular the processes of replacement, restoration, and reconstruction. However, this interpretation of authenticity could also lead to the inappropriate demolition and reconstruction of historic buildings. According to the same principle of historic authenticity, historic urban areas must ‘‘retain their overall historic appearance’’ as the container of historic information. In order to protect the overall historic townscape of an area without sacrificing its use in contemporary daily life, townscape management becomes a significant challenge. In practice, there is a trend to classify all historic buildings of secondary importance into several classes, according to their physical integrity, vulnerability, associations with major heritage sites, and their contribution to their historic townscape. Under this system, designation classifications would then allow for preservation interventions at different levels of impact, including reconstruction and relocation. Although this classification-intervention method is gradually gaining acceptance in local preservation plans, its impact on authenticity is still a matter of debate. This paper will explain the concept of historic authenticity and its methodology in China. It will compare this concept to the principles of authenticity encapsulated in the Venice Charter and the Nara Document on Authenticity. Finally, it will introduce the classification method of historic buildings and present the author’s comments and opinions on them.

Application of jet grouting during foundation reinforcement and reconstruction of historic buildings on land occupied by the state museum and reservation "Tsaritsyno"

Information on the organization and execution of work involving application of jet technology to soil stabilization during reinforcement of the foundations of historical buildings on land occupied by the State Museum and Reservation "Tsitsyno" is presented.

Innovative Lime-Pozzolana Renders for Reconstruction of Historical Buildings

Bulk density, matrix density, open porosity, compressive strength, bending strength, water sorptivity, moisture diffusivity, water vapor diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of two innovative renovation renders on limepozzolana basis are analyzed. The obtained results are compared with reference lime plaster and two commercial renovation renders, and conclusions on the applicability of the particular renders in practical reconstruction works are drawn.

バーチャル環境を利用した歴史的建造物復原支援の一手法の提案

バーチャル環境を利用した歴史的建造物復原支援の一手法の提案