Fingerprint Reconstruction Research Articles

An Improved Scheme for Full Fingerprint Reconstruction

Different fingerprint recognition systems store minutiae-based fingerprint templates differently. Some store them inside a small token; some can be found in a server database. As the minutiae template is very compact, many take it for granted that the template does not contain sufficient information for reconstructing the original fingerprint. This paper proposes a scheme to reconstruct a full fingerprint image from the minutiae points based on the amplitude and frequency modulated (AM-FM) fingerprint model. The scheme starts with generating a binary ridge pattern which has a similar ridge flow to that of the original fingerprint. The continuous phase is intuitively reconstructed by removing the spirals in the phase image estimated from the ridge pattern. To reduce the artifacts due to the discontinuity in the continuous phase, a refinement process is introduced for the reconstructed phase image, which is the combination of the continuous phase and the spiral phase (corresponding to the minutiae). Finally, the refined phase image is used to produce a thinned version of the fingerprint, from which a real-look alike gray-scale fingerprint image is reconstructed. The experimental results show that our proposed scheme performs better than the-state-of-the-art technique.

Biohashing applied to orientation-based minutia descriptor for secure fingerprint authentication system

Biometric recognition systems are now commonplace. Although such systems have improved security, they are vulnerable to a number of threats, including direct attacks to the sensor. It is proposed to couple a well-known orientation-based minutia descriptor with biohashing for more secure fingerprint authentication. Extensive experiments conducted over all four FVC2002 fingerprint databases show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Also discussed is the problem of fake fingerprint reconstruction from the minutiae set.

Fingerprint Reconstruction: From Minutiae to Phase

Fingerprint matching systems generally use four types of representation schemes: grayscale image, phase image, skeleton image, and minutiae, among which minutiae-based representation is the most widely adopted one. The compactness of minutiae representation has created an impression that the minutiae template does not contain sufficient information to allow the reconstruction of the original grayscale fingerprint image. This belief has now been shown to be false; several algorithms have been proposed that can reconstruct fingerprint images from minutiae templates. These techniques try to either reconstruct the skeleton image, which is then converted into the grayscale image, or reconstruct the grayscale image directly from the minutiae template. However, they have a common drawback: Many spurious minutiae not included in the original minutiae template are generated in the reconstructed image. Moreover, some of these reconstruction techniques can only generate a partial fingerprint. In this paper, a novel fingerprint reconstruction algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the phase image, which is then converted into the grayscale image. The proposed reconstruction algorithm not only gives the whole fingerprint, but the reconstructed fingerprint contains very few spurious minutiae. Specifically, a fingerprint image is represented as a phase image which consists of the continuous phase and the spiral phase (which corresponds to minutiae). An algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the continuous phase from minutiae. The proposed reconstruction algorithm has been evaluated with respect to the success rates of type-I attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against the original fingerprint) and type-II attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against different impressions of the original fingerprint) using a commercial fingerprint recognition system. Given the reconstructed image from our algorithm, we show that both types of attacks can be successfully launched against a fingerprint recognition system.

Method for fingerprint orientation field reconstruction from minutia template

Recent progress in fingerprint reconstruction has shown that most of the fingerprint information can be restored using only the minutia set. During the reconstruction procedures, orientation field reconstruction is a critical step. Proposed is a Gaussian weighted method for fingerprint orientation field reconstruction from the minutia template only. In the method, prior information about ridge flow characteristics is considered to more accurately model the ridge orientation. Experimental results show that our method can obtain an accurate orientation field in terms of the accuracy of the orientation field based fingerprint classification and the performance of the orientation descriptor based fingerprint matching.

Genealogical Relationship among Members of Selection and Production Populations of Yellow Cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis [D. Don] Oerst.) in the Absence of Parental Information

We used DNA fingerprinting and pedigree reconstruction to determine the genetic relationship among members of 3 yellow-cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis [D. Don] Oerst.) selection populations in the absence of their parental genotypes. Selection population members consisted of the tallest individuals within seedling crops originated from natural stand seed collected from multiple seed donors covering wide areas within 3 distinct locations (phenotypic mass selection). Pairwise relative kinship estimates indicated the presence of extensive coancestry among the selected seedlings, and pedigree reconstruction grouped each selection members into multiple full-sib families of different sizes (1-10) nested within several half-sib families (19-21). The "STRUCTURE" program (Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P. 2000. "Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data." Genetics. 155:945-959.) provided a pictorial classification of the 3 selection populations and grouped their individuals into multiple cohorts (9-10). The STRUCTURE program's results corresponded with that of the pedigree reconstruction, indicating that members of the selection populations originated from a subset of the seed donors forming the natural stand seed collections. The species' silvics, reproductive biology, methods of natural stand seed collection and seedling production, and the high selection intensity applied to form the selection populations contributed to limiting the selection to a subset of the original donor trees. The associated buildup of coancestry in selection and production populations is expected to result in inaccurate estimation of genetic parameters and an unintentional reduction in genetic diversity in reforestation stocks.

Photogrammetric fingerprint unwrapping

Fingerprints are important biometric cues. Compared to conventional fingerprint sensors the use of contact-free stereoscopic image acquisition of the front-most finger segment has a set of advantages: Finger deformation is avoided, the entire relevant area for biometric use is covered, some technical aspects like sensor maintenance and cleaning are facilitated, and access to a three-dimensional reconstruction of the covered area is possible. We describe a photogrammetric workflow for nail-to-nail fingerprint reconstruction: A calibrated sensor setup with typically 5 cameras and dedicated illumination acquires adjacent stereo pairs. Using the silhouettes of the segmented finger a raw cylindrical model is generated. After preprocessing (shading correction, dust removal, lens distortion correction), each individual camera texture is projected onto the model. Image-to-image matching on these pseudo ortho images and dense 3D reconstruction obtains a textured cylindrical digital surface model with radial distances around the major axis and a grid size in the range of 25–50 µm. The model allows for objective fingerprint unwrapping and novel fingerprint matching algorithms since 3D relations between fingerprint features are available as additional cues. Moreover, covering the entire region with relevant fingerprint texture is particularly important for establishing a comprehensive forensic database. The workflow has been implemented in portable C and is ready for industrial exploitation. Further improvement issues are code optimization, unwrapping method, illumination strategy to avoid highlights and to improve the initial segmentation, and the comparison of the unwrapping result to conventional fingerprint acquisition technology.

Correction of retention time shifts for chromatographic fingerprints of herbal medicines

In this study, the combination of chemometric resolution and cubic spline data interpolation was investigated as a method to correct the retention time shifts for chromatographic fingerprints of herbal medicines obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC–DAD). With the help of the resolution approaches in chemometrics, it was easy to identify the purity of chromatographic peak clusters and then resolve the two-dimensional response matrix into chromatograms and spectra of pure chemical components so as to select multiple mark compounds involved in chromatographic fingerprints. With these mark components determined, the retention time shifts of chromatographic fingerprints might be then corrected effectively. After this correction, the cubic spline interpolation technique was then used to reconstruct new chromatographic fingerprints. The results in this work showed that, the purity identification of the chromatographic peak clusters together with the resolution of overlapping peaks into pure chromatograms and spectra by means of chemometric approaches could provide the sufficient chromatographic and spectral information for selecting multiple mark compounds to correct the retention time shifts. The cubic spline data interpolation technique was user-friendly to the reconstruction of new chromatographic fingerprints with correction. The successful application to the simulated and real chromatographic fingerprints of two Cortex cinnamomi, fifty Rhizoma chuanxiong, ten Radix angelicae and seventeen Herba menthae samples from different sources demonstrated the reliability and applicability of the approach investigated in this work. Pattern recognition based on principal component analysis for identifying inhomogenity in chromatographic fingerprints from real herbal medicines could further interpret it.