Body Reconstruction Research Articles

Toward a Frigid Body: Minimalist Fashion and the Sinthomosexual in China

The emergence of “the frigid style,” namely the appellation of minimalist fashion in China, is synchronized with a heightened national policy that aims at boosting reproduction and compensating for an aging society—a new phase of China’s sexual revolution since the economic reform in the late 1970s. This article argues that the frigid style, incarnating sexual aloofness, is a bodily defense against the discursive reconstruction of body for a reproductive agenda. The frigidly dressed body is not a conspicuous manifesto against biopolitics; instead, it incorporates the Chinese ideal of security and nobility. Articulated in the pursuit of security is a persona of nothingness safe from the normative discourses of ideal citizenship, while in nobility a fantasized western lifestyle that disregards the limitations on gender, class and race. Moreover, the rise of frigid style is accompanied by the popularization of what Lee Edelman calls “sinthomosexuality,” namely sex without any impetus of reproduction. The sinthomosexual outlook on bodily autonomy and agency connotes a new subjectivity in China—the construction of subjects appealing for apoliticality. This apolitical subjectivity might furnish us with a critical lens to look at normcore fashion across the globe.

3D human body reconstruction based on SMPL model

3D human body reconstruction based on SMPL model

The best is the enemy of the good, a simple technique to treat a complex disease: Calamari procedure.

Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening condition and despite advances in antibiotic therapy, about one-third of patients require surgical treatment. The choice of the most appropriate surgical treatment is crucial. The study by Asen Petrov et al. paves the way for a new, safe, simple, and useful Calamari technique for the treatment of aortic valve endocarditis complicated by aortic root abscess (ARA). This technique was initially described in a series of five patients. The most interesting part of the study is that the procedure was effective (only one patient died 30 days after surgery) and fast (mean cardiopulmonary bypass time 90 ± 10.30 min; mean cross-clamp time 73.6 ± 12.12 min). As reported by Leontyev et al., the procedure of choice in ARA is represented by a wide range of procedures ranging from aortic valve replacement with debridement of the abscess to reconstruction of the intervalvular fibrous body and replacement of both the mitral valve and the aortic root. Alternatively, pericardial patch reconstruction is required in approximately one-third of cases. Radicality is key but a fast procedure is very important. In this scenario, the Calamari procedure is very useful, especially for its rapid execution (short cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp time) which is associated with a reduction in mortality. A simple procedure to treat complex diseases. However, this procedure needs to be performed on more patients and its outcomes should be compared in trials with the other available techniques for the treatment of ARA.

A review of heuristic optimization techniques applied for 3D body reconstruction from anthropometric measurements

Reconstructing 3D human models has a variety of applications in areas such as entertainment, medical, manufacturing, and design. Reconstruction techniques are classified based on characteristics such as data input, devices used, and algorithms employed, in which using anthropometric measurements is one of the most widely used methods. Traditional methods of 3D human reconstruction from anthropometric measurements rely on technologies like Convolutional Neutral Network (CNN), and Linear Regression to generate an accurate model in a reasonable amount of time. This paper presents a picture of heuristic optimization methods to find the optimal solution in 3D body reconstructions from anthropometric measurements. In terms of output accuracy, the methods discussed in this paper have the potential to outperform CNN and similar technologies. Results are verified and validated on a real dataset to evaluate the performances of each method.

Nominal Body Contour Reconstruction for Millimeter-Wave Characterization of Suicide Bomber Explosives

In order to improve the speed of passenger screening while preserving the effective capability to detect more sophisticated threats, airport security imaging systems must be able to accurately characterize concealed body-worn objects. In addition to improving the passenger experience, this system capability will enhance airport security for the traveling public. This article presents a real-time, fully automatic algorithm for the wideband millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radar reconstruction of the nominal human body contours, even in the presence of an affixed weak dielectric object or when a portion of the body cross section is not captured by the imaging scanner. The algorithm extracts the main contours from a noisy collection of 3-D reconstructed reflectivity and approximates the nominal human body cross section via fitting a low-order angular Fourier series. This important step is essential for precise characterization of concealed body-worn explosives. A ranking algorithm is developed as a metric for the nominal body reconstruction accuracy. We verify the developed algorithm by applying it to the actual images of the high definition–advanced imaging technology (HD-AIT) system, a laboratory prototype mm-wave scanning system developed recently by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The reconstructed body contours may be used to estimate the electric permittivity of the concealed person-worn objects.

Preoperative Body Image Factors Are Associated with Complications after Breast Reconstruction.

Psychological factors are broadly understood to contribute to overall health, but their contribution to wound healing is less well defined. Limited data exist on the association of preoperative psychological factors such as body image and postoperative complications. The present study analyzed the association between preoperative body image factors and postoperative complications following breast reconstruction. This was a prospective cohort study of 302 breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction from 2011 to 2015. All patients completed the BREAST-Q; demographics, surgical details, and postoperative complications were recorded. The association of body image factors by means of the BREAST-Q and postoperative complications was analyzed. On univariate analysis, patients who reported lower preoperative satisfaction with how they appeared in the mirror unclothed, or felt less self-confident or attractive, were significantly more likely to develop an infection postoperatively. Preoperative satisfaction scores were not associated with complications when analyzed in a multivariate fashion. On binomial logistic regression analysis, after controlling for age, body mass index, reconstruction technique, and use of radiotherapy, patients who reported less preoperative satisfaction with how comfortably bras fit or how they appeared in a mirror unclothed were at an increased risk for delayed wound healing. Patients with lower preoperative body satisfaction were found to have an increased incidence of infections and delayed wound healing. Although postoperative outcomes are multifactorial, the data suggest that baseline psychological factors such as body image may play a role in postoperative outcomes. Broader use of prehabilitative therapies, targeted at psychosocial factors, may warrant further investigation to optimize postoperative outcomes. Risk, III.

Hybrid optimization in loop: 3D human body reconstruction from basic information

3D human reconstruction is widely used for digital transformation in different industries such as e-retail, entertainment, health care, epidemiology. For practical applicability, the modeling process is required to be quick, affordable while still ensuring capabilities in reconstruction accuracy and reliability. To meet such business requirements, we propose a novel technique for producing an exact 3D human body using only basic anthropomorphic measurements. To begin, the paper refers to and summarizes core technologies of the three most common 3D human reconstruction approaches, including (1) Using Point Clouds, (2) Using Images, and (3) Using Anthropometric Measurements. Despite successfully recreating 3D human shapes, these methods face problems of long processing time and high investment cost, making the solution impractical for mass use. Moreover, in the human reconstruction sector particularly, the variety of human shapes, poses, and clothing poses a significant challenge to output accuracy. In this regard, our method combines (1) a local optimization model for determining hyperparameters for classifying different human shapes and (2) a global optimization for reconstructing 3D models, allowing reconstruction of both naked human bodies and clothed ones. The proposed method was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively using a real dataset to demonstrate its feasibility and efficiency when used in real-world applications.

The Impact of a Single Dual-Trained Surgeon in the Management of Mastectomy and Reconstruction.

Oncoplastic breast surgery is typically performed using a two-surgeon, two-team approach. The authors present their experience with patients undergoing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction performed by a single, dual-trained breast surgical oncologist and plastic and reconstructive microsurgeon. Patients who underwent mastectomy and/or immediate reconstruction performed by the senior author between 2015 and 2019 were divided into single-surgeon or dual-surgeon cohorts, and matched by age, body mass index, reconstruction type, and cancer stage. The authors included 158 patients in their analysis (single-surgeon, n = 45; dual-surgeon, n = 113). Single-surgeon patients underwent surgery 13.2 days earlier than dual-surgeon patients (p < 0.01), and required significantly fewer preoperative (1.9 versus 3.4; p < 0.01) and postoperative visits (6.8 versus 10.7; p < 0.01). Operative duration was comparable (single-surgeon, 245 minutes; dual-surgeon, 245 minutes; p = 0.99). The authors found no significant difference in surgical-site infection, seroma, hematoma, abdominal donor-site healing, or flap and prosthesis loss between the groups. The authors did find that dual-surgeon patients had a significantly higher rate of mastectomy flap necrosis (20 percent versus 4 percent; p = 0.01), which held true on logistic regression when controlling for other variables. BREAST-Q data demonstrated that single-surgeon patients had significantly higher overall scores (p = 0.04), and were significantly more satisfied with their outcomes, surgeon, and the information provided (p = 0.03, p = 0.03, and p = 0.01, respectively). The single-surgeon approach has the potential to decrease patient burden by requiring fewer preoperative and postoperative visits without compromising surgical outcomes or oncologic safety. Further investigation is warranted into the financial implications and patient outcomes. Therapeutic, III.

COD: an algorithm for shape reconstruction of transiting celestial bodies through topological optimization

ABSTRACT We introduce a novel algorithm, COD – Compact Opacity Distribution, for shape reconstruction of a celestial body that has been observed to occult a star, using the photometric time-series observations of the occultation. COD finds a solution to the light-curve inversion problem for an optically thick occulter having an approximately convex shape, together with an estimate of its size, impact parameter and velocity, relative to the occulted star. The algorithm is based on an optimization scheme that uses topological constraints and an objective function for the geometry of the occulter. The constraints of the problem follow linear relations, which enable the use of linear programming optimization as the mathematical framework. Multiple tests of the algorithm were performed, all of which resulted in high correlations between the simulated and obtained shapes of the occulting objects, with errors within $5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in their projected velocities and horizontal sizes, and within 0.1 in their impact parameters. These tests include a video of a solar eclipse by Phobos, as seen by NASA’s Curiosity rover, which was collapsed into its corresponding light curve and reconstructed afterwards. We applied COD to the mysterious case of VVV-WIT-08 – a single deep occultation ($\sim 96 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) of a giant star lasting for over 200 d. The analysis, which did not assume any specific shape of the occulter, suggested an object with a projected opacity distribution resembling an ellipse with an eccentricity of ∼0.5, tilted at ∼30 degrees relative to the direction of motion, with a semi-minor axis similar to the stellar radius.

SSfS: Segmented Shape from Silhouette Reconstruction of the Human Body.

Three-dimensional (3D) shape estimation of the human body has a growing number of applications in medicine, anthropometry, special effects, and many other fields. Therefore, the demand for the high-quality acquisition of a complete and accurate body model is increasing. In this paper, a short survey of current state-of-the-art solutions is provided. One of the most commonly used approaches is the Shape-from-Silhouette (SfS) method. It is capable of the reconstruction of dynamic and challenging-to-capture objects. This paper proposes a novel approach that extends the conventional voxel-based SfS method with silhouette segmentation—segmented Shape from Silhouette (sSfS). It allows the 3D reconstruction of body segments separately, which provides significantly better human body shape estimation results, especially in concave areas. For validation, a dataset representing the human body in 20 complex poses was created and assessed based on the quality metrics in reference to the ground-truth photogrammetric reconstruction. It appeared that the number of invalid reconstruction voxels for the sSfS method was 1.7 times lower than for the state-of-the-art SfS approach. The root-mean-square (RMS) error of the distance to the reference surface was also 1.22 times lower.

Геометрическая томография. Причины и последствия

One class of problems related to reconstruction of convex bodies from the shapes of their projections onto 2-dimensional planes is considered. Some corollaries from the results obtained there are described.

Bilateral reconstruction of the mandibular body with symphyseal preservation using a single fibula free flap: operative technique

BackgroundMandibular osteonecrosis may occur in 5% of the patients who undergo radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck malignancies. Resection and microvascular reconstruction is the treatment of choice in complicated osteoradionecrosis, however multifocal presentation may complicate the management of the disease given the poor quality and limited availability of adequate recipient vessels.Operative techniqueA 74-year-old man affected by multifocal severe osteoradionecrosis of the mandible underwent bilateral resection of the mandibular bodies while preserving the symphysis. The defects were reconstructed with a single fibula flap composed by two bony segments connected by a central segment, corresponding to the symphyseal region, in which the bone was dissected and removed. The anastomosis was performed on a single side of the neck. Healing was uneventful and the adopted technique allowed for a quick functional and esthetic recovery.ConclusionThe presented technique provided a safe and efficacious, although technically challenging, solution in a case presenting multifocal osteonecrosis of the jaw. The morbidity of the procedure was limited because the tissue resection and reconstruction processes were minimized.Graphical

Designing a System of Control in the Sphere of Public Finance: Regulation of State Purchases under Peter I

Among the various innovations that appeared in Russia under Peter I, the widespread practice of public procurement for the needs of the armed forces turned out to be underestimated in historiography. Significant public funds used to finance the purchase of food, fodder, uniforms, and ammunition became available for looting by unscrupulous officials and contractors. As a result, the losses of the state budget turned out to be so great that the tsar began to consider the theft of money through state contracts one of the main threats to the state. However, the problem was not only financial damage. The criminalisation of public procurement created a corruption environment and stimulated the emergence of criminal communities in the state apparatus. This article continues the author’s research on this topic and presents preliminary observations on how Tsar Peter tried to build an organised system for combating economic crime in the field of public procurement. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the Moscow Contracting Office, a subsidiary body of the Office of Contracting Affairs. Since the head of the Department of Contractual Affairs, the captain of the Lifeguards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Colonel Gerasim Ivanovich Koshelev, simultaneously headed the office investigating high-profile cases of embezzlement and smuggling (the cases of the Solovyov brothers and Arkhangelsk vice-governor Alexei Alexandrovich Kurbatov), he combined the personnel potential of both subordinate departments. In part, this gave the work of the Office of Contracting Affairs and its Moscow branch the form of an investigative body. The reconstruction and study of control and supervisory bodies’ work in the field of public finance is complex, affecting unexplored issues of the economic, administrative and social history of Russia in the early modern period.

3-D Geological Mapping of Rocks Potentially Suitable for Capturing Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere

Rapid increase of the Anthropocene ambient air CO2 concentration value is the main cause of the 1.2 o C global temperature rise creating the recent adverse climate and weather changes. Promising new methods to capture CO2 from the air are being developed but remain too expensive for worldwide applications. Mantle-derived rocks, primarily basalts, peridotites and serpentinites are likely to play an important role in future CO2 reduction because of relatively rapid disintegration of minerals (including olivine and serpentine) in these rocks potentially resulting in widespread CO2 capture. Examples to be discussed include artificially enhanced carbonization of water emitted from ophiolites, and acid dissolution of serpentinites resulting in indirect mineral carbonation by optimizing temperature and pressure conditions. Reconstruction of a large cone-shaped body of serpentinite situated within the Mount Albert peridotite intrusion in Québec is presented as an example of the rôle 3-D geologic mapping can play in future CO2 reduction efforts.

Facial reconstruction during postmortem examination: Autopsy case reports

Dead bodies are brought to the mortuary with injuries. These injuries may cause mutilation of the dead body. In addition to the injuries by weapons, mutilation may be caused by other means too. Whenever there is mutilation to the face it becomes very painful for the family members and the friends to look at the face especially when it is the dead body. When a postmortem examination is conducted on the dead bodies in addition to serving other objectives of the autopsy one of the objectives is to give back the body in a presentable form so that relatives and friends can grieve over the dead body in a humanitarian and peaceful way. This objective will involve the reconstruction of the mutilated body, especially the face. This can be done in a variety of ways. Two such cases are being presented in this paper to highlight the importance of reconstruction of the face during postmortem examination.

Anterior Placement of Cemented Fenestrated Screws in Conjunction with Anterior Reconstruction in Elderly Patients with Severe Vertebral Collapse and Paraparesis

Background: Elderly patients with severe osteoporosis are prone to sustain osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF’s). Sometimes, they undergo significant vertebral collapse and kyphosis, leading to significant canal compromise and neurological deterioration. Case Description: We present a case series of three patients, of which two had OVCF’s of L1 and L3, respectively, while one patient had Koch’s spine D12 and L1. All three cases had severe vertebral collapse leading to kyphosis, severe pain, and canal compromise, neurological deterioration with paraparesis, and bowel bladder involvement. Surgery warranted total corpectomy of fractured vertebrae (anterior vertebral column resection) and reconstruction of the anterior column. Due to the significant degree of osteoporosis, fenestrated screws with bone cement (poly methyl acrylate) were used anteriorly along with vertebral body reconstruction with cage, through a purely anterior approach. This is the first instance of fenestrated screws being used anteriorly to reduce screw pull-out. In view of the strong anterior construct, a posterior surgery to supplement the fixation could be avoided in these thoracolumbar junctional cases. Results: No patient experienced loosening of implants, nor did any patient experience cement-related complications. Although the present follow-up of these patients is short (12 months), the patients are pain free and independently ambulatory. Conclusion: Using fenestrated screws in an anterior location allow vertebral reconstruction with a single surgery in elderly patients with severe osteoporosis, reducing chances of screw pull-out. Bone plugs at the tip to help prevent cement extravasation from the vertebral body. Keywords: Anterior fenestrated screws, Bone cement, Corpectomy, Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, Koch’s spine, Screw pull-out.

A High Precision 3d Human Body Reconstruction Scheme Based on Multi-View Image for Virtual Fitting

A High Precision 3d Human Body Reconstruction Scheme Based on Multi-View Image for Virtual Fitting

3DBodyNet: Fast Reconstruction of 3D Animatable Human Body Shape From a Single Commodity Depth Camera

Knowledge about individual body shape has numerous applications in various domains such as healthcare, fashion and personalized entertainment. Most of the depth based whole body scanners need multiple cameras surrounding the user and requiring the user to keep a canonical pose strictly during capturing depth images. These scanning devices are expensive and need professional knowledge for operation. In order to make 3D scanning as easy-to-use and fast as possible, there is a great demand to simplify the process and to reduce the hardware requirements. In this paper, we propose a deep learning algorithm, dubbed 3DBodyNet, to rapidly reconstruct the 3D shape of human bodies using a single commodity depth camera. As easy-to-use as taking a photo using a mobile phone, our algorithm only needs two depth images of the front-facing and back-facing bodies. The proposed algorithm has strong operability since it is insensitive to the pose and the pose variations between the two depth images. It can also reconstruct an accurate body shape for users under tight/loose clothing. Another advantage of our method is the ability to generate an animatable human body model. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method enables robust and easy-to-use animatable human body reconstruction, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with respect to running time and accuracy.

Holistic 3D Body Reconstruction From a Blurred Single Image

Holistic human pose and shape reconstruction receive huge interest since it restores detailed human pose and shape including facial expression and finger-level hand shape. Existing deep 3D holistic human pose and shape reconstruction methods utilize sharp images as their input which leads to inaccurate human mesh when given a blurred image. Although there exist lots of image deblurring methods, a simple cascaded approach could not produce satisfactory results. In this paper, we introduce D2R (Deblurring-to-Reconstruction), a novel joint framework of human motion deblurring and 3D holistic body reconstruction to solve both problems simultaneously. In addition, we generate a new large-scale dataset that contains sharp/blur image pairs and corresponding 3D body pose/shape. We train the proposed joint framework in an alternating scheme to refine each module’s performance by utilizing an additional structure-aware module. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves outperforming results 3D holistic human reconstruction qualitatively as well as quantitatively while input image is deblurred.

U2 Net-Plus and background removal based PIFu-HD : Human Body Reconstruction in Complex Background

U2 Net-Plus and background removal based PIFu-HD : Human Body Reconstruction in Complex Background