Recommendations For Training Research Articles

A Stepwise Approach to Robotic Surgery and Effective Set-Up

Background- Purchasing, implementing, and maintaining robots present a number of significant obstacles that must be addressed. Objective- In managing and setting up a Robotic surgical unit a potentially difficult assignment and summarize the essential procedures and solutions for safe implementation and purchasing in the current financial environment. Methods- Best practices was developed, implemented, and are still in use today as of 2009. These actions have resulted in a process that effectively monitors the members of the leadership team, attending, resident, fellow, and staff training, credentialing, safety measures, efficiency, and case volume recommendations has been developed using programmatic means. Results- Examples of management of all robotic surgical services are provided, along with guidelines for hospitals and robotic directors that can be used by one's own robotic surgical services features of a program for multispecialty robotic surgery. Conclusion- By implementing these best practices, robotic surgical programs will be effective and well-positioned to provide current patients with a secure and productive environment a clinical setting.

UK and Ireland Joint Advisory Group (JAG) consensus statements for training and certification in diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

Background and aimsInternational endoscopy societies vary in their approach for credentialing individuals in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to enable independent practice; however, there is no consensus in this or its implementation....

Dilemmas and support strategies in dementia care: Experiences of case managers in Taiwan.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the dilemmas encountered and the countermeasures adopted by case managers, who care for individuals with dementia. The study also aimed to identify the types of support and assistance case managers require.Methods: In this qualitative study, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 case managers, six from integrated dementia care centers and four from community-based dementia care centers in Taiwan.Results: The results are as follows: (1) Case managers providing services for individuals with dementia primarily encountered two major dilemmas, including cognitive differences (such as a lack of understanding of dementia, differences in ideas about dementia care, and distrust of the professionalism of case managers) with family members and their own insufficient professional capabilities, which made it difficult to reach a consensus on caregiving with family members and address the diverse conditions of individuals with dementia. (2) In response to these dilemmas, case managers adopted various approaches to enhance families' understanding of dementia and facilitate reaching a consensus on care. They also improved their professional capabilities through team discussions and resource networking. (3) The support and assistance required by case managers are continuous learning, the enhancement of their professional competencies, organizational support, and workload management.Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the dilemmas faced by case managers in Taiwan's centers for integrated dementia care and community-based dementia care centers during policies implementation, as well as the strategies they adopted and the assistance they required. These results can also offer recommendations for policies, professional training, dementia services, and resources to reduce the disparity between policy and practice.

Exercise instructors are not consistently implementing the strength component of the UK chief medical officers’ physical activity guidelines in their exercise prescription for older adults

Strength training recommendations have been embedded within the UK’s Chief Medical Officers’ physical activity guidelines since 2011. There is limited evidence that these recommendations are used by exercise instructors in the community to underpin strength training prescription in the older adult population. This study aimed to explore exercise instructors’ awareness and utilisation of the guidelines when prescribing strength training to older adults. Fifteen exercise instructors working with older adults in the UK participated in one online interview. A general inductive approach was conducted and thematic analysis allowed for major themes to be identified from the raw data. We found that most exercise instructors (n = 9), but not all (n = 6), were aware of the guidelines. Only one instructor (n = 1) had reportedly implemented the guidelines into their practice; other instructors reported that the guidelines were irrelevant. Instead, each of the instructors had their preferred sources of information that they relied on to underpin their exercise prescription, and each had their own interpretation of ‘evidence-based strength training.’ This individualised interpretation resulted in exceptionally varied prescription in the community and does not necessarily align with the progressive, evidence-based prescription known to build muscular strength. We suggest that (i) more detail on how to build muscular strength be embedded within the guidelines, (ii) a handbook on how to implement the guidelines be made available, (iii) theoretical and practical teaching materials and courses be updated, and/or (iv) a re-(education) of exercise instructors already in the field may be necessary to bring about a consistent, evidence-based strength prescription necessary for the best possible health and longevity outcomes for our ageing population.

“It is more isolating to patients if you aren’t familiar with the resources”: a pilot test of a clinician sensitivity training on eating disorders in pregnancy

It is more isolating to patients if you aren’t familiar with the resources: A pilot test of a clinician sensitivity training on eating disorders in pregnancy.(IRB Number: 1909705198).Background Pregnant women with a history of eating disorders (EDs) or active EDs have greater maternal and child health complications. They are also unlikely to disclose their history with an ED to their clinician, few of which are confident in their knowledge to provide appropriate care for patients who present with EDs. This study’s goal was to evaluate changes to knowledge, behavior, and attitudes for health professionals who were part of a sensitivity training (to provide information of and awareness, address potential clinician biases, and offer strategies for more patient-centered care with de-stigmatizing language) about eating disorders and pregnancy compared with those who received a reference document.Methods Our pilot study compared responses of health professionals before and after this sensitivity training (N = 54) with a group who were provided a clinician reference document about the same topic (N = 61).Results Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon tests showed significant differences between the sensitivity training and reference document groups, with the sensitivity training resulting in increases to participants’ perception of ED’s relevance to overall treatment (p = 0.018), comfort in providing resources (p < 0.0001), frequency of ability to introduce strategies (p = 0.001), and interest in additional strategies/recommendations in treating patients with eating disorders (p = 0.009). Thematic analysis of the open-ended responses indicated four major themes: Resources and support, Treatment, Additional training, and Clinician Strategies. Discussion Results indicated that the sensitivity training improved training outcomes compared to the reference document group. Qualitative responses from both groups indicated four themes that can help inform ED-centered care. This study provides context for future directions for continuing education courses as well as clinical training recommendations for treating pregnant patients with EDs.

Resources and capability needs for teaching in dynamic technological environments: Evidence from schools in Harare, Zimbabwe

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the integration of digital technologies into teachers’ practice as most teaching moved online. However, an interrogation of the resource and capability needs for teaching in the dynamic technological environment remains missing. Therefore, the study sought to determine the resource and capability needs for teaching in a dynamic and technological online environment. The study was critical because learner context differs, thereby limiting the applicability of existing knowledge. In addition, existing knowledge remains inconclusive on the influence of various capabilities on teaching in dynamic technological environments. It was, therefore, crucial to provide empirical evidence from the Zimbabwean context. The study adopted a cross-sectional approach to data collection using a structured questionnaire. The population comprised teachers from selected schools in Harare. Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, the sample was conveniently chosen. A structural equation model was conducted using WarpPLS 7.0. The results show that technological capability (TechCap), technological experience (TechExp), and technological access (TechAcc) significantly influence teaching in technological environments (β = 0.41, p &lt; .01; β = 0.31, p &lt; .05 and β = 0.27, p &lt; .01) respectively. Technological will (TechWill) was found not to significantly influence teaching (β = −0.05, p &gt; .05). The study recommended the enhancement of teachers’ technological capability, experience and access. Further, the study made policy recommendations for pre-service and in-service training, capacity and infrastructure development programmes, and technology-integrated teaching and learning framework design.

Exercise for Hypertension: New Recommendation Strategies for Blood Pressure Control

ABSTRACT Hypertension is a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and premature death worldwide. Due to its undeniable antihypertensive effects, exercise training is advised as an effective nonpharmacological method of preventing, treating, and controlling hypertension by the main professional and scientific societies, including the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, European Society of Hypertension, American College of Sports Medicine, and Exercise and Sport Science Australia. In this review, we aim to summarize the current recommendations of exercise training for hypertension and discuss the emerging research supporting the integration of new exercise strategies, such as neuromotor and isometric resistance exercise, for the prevention and management of hypertension.

Hearing loss moderates cognitive‐motor dual‐tasking before and after combined exercise and cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Findings from the SYNERGIC and COMPASS‐ND studies

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related hearing loss is associated with poor cognitive‐motor dual‐task performance and is a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although different interventions have shown to improve dual‐task performance in older adults, it is currently unclear whether hearing ability affects training efficacy in individuals with MCI.MethodsSecondary data analyses of 75 participants with MCI (Mage = 73.66 ± 6.67) who completed the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration and Aging SYNERGIC and COMPASS‐ND studies. We investigated how hearing ability (normal hearing (n = 56), hearing loss (n = 19)) moderated the efficacy of a 20‐week intervention (combined exercise and cognitive training (n = 32), exercise training alone (n = 31), control (n = 12)) on single‐ and dual‐task working memory performance (serial one or seven subtractions, semantic fluency) and spatio‐temporal gait characteristics.ResultsAt baseline, participants with hearing loss had slower gait speed and higher step time variability while concurrently completing the semantic fluency task, compared to participants with normal hearing. Participants with hearing loss also had higher accuracy on the semantic fluency and serial seven subtractions tasks while dual‐tasking, compared to participants with normal hearing. Single‐ and dual‐task gait speed increased significantly following combined exercise and cognitive training, with greater improvements observed in participants with hearing loss compared to those with normal hearing. However, older adults with hearing loss showed a significant decrease in dual‐task serial seven subtractions and semantic fluency following combined exercise and cognitive training.ConclusionThese findings help clarify the relationship between hearing loss, cognition, and mobility in old age and inform training recommendations for persons with MCI based on hearing ability. Combined exercise and cognitive training appears to have increased attentional and physical resources, allowing participants with hearing loss to shift postural prioritization strategies while dual‐tasking from a posture‐second strategy to a posture‐first strategy. Thus, combined exercise and cognitive training may be particularly beneficial for older adults with both MCI and hearing loss, in order to improve safe walking behaviours while multi‐tasking and mitigate further decline.

The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders

Equestrian sport is under-researched within the sport science literature, creating a possible knowledge vacuum for athletes and support personnel wishing to train and perform in an evidence-based manner. This review aims to synthesise available evidence from equitation, sport, and veterinary sciences to describe the pertinent rider physiology of equestrian disciplines. Estimates of energy expenditure and the contribution of underpinning energy systems to equestrian performance are used to provide nutrition and hydration recommendations for competition and training in equestrian disciplines. Relative energy deficiency and disordered eating are also considered. The practical challenges of the equestrian environment, including competitive, personal, and professional factors, injury and concussion, and female participation, are discussed to better highlight novelty within equestrian disciplines compared to more commonly studied sports. The evidence and recommendations are supported by example scenarios, and future research directions are outlined.

Exercise Training Recommendations for Adults With and Without Chronic Disease to Improve Endothelial Health

The endothelium is the innermost layer of the blood vessels and is responsible for the production of chemicals that are used to regulate arterial diameter in response to changes in blood flow. Dysfunction of the endothelium is a key precursor for cardiovascular disease. However, exercise training may mitigate this dysfunction and promote endothelial health. Therefore, this infographic illustrates findings from an umbrella review (review of reviews; 10.1007/s40279-023-01837-w) that investigated the impact of any exercise training intervention (intervention) on adults with or without chronic disease (population), with, or without a comparator group (comparison), on endothelial function (outcome) using evidence from 27 reviews, including 19 meta-analyses (5464 unique participants). Overall, the included reviews provided evidence that the type of training to optimally improve endothelial function may vary based on disease condition. Specifically, the evidence suggests that healthy adults benefitted most from high intensity aerobic training and/or more frequent low-moderate resistance training. In addition, adults with type 2 diabetes benefitted most from low-intensity resistance or low-moderate aerobic exercise training, whereas those with cardiovascular conditions (i.e., heart transplant patients, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease) should consider engaging in higher-intensity aerobic training to improve endothelial function, although may still need to consult a healthcare provider. Exercise training also improves endothelial function in other chronic conditions including cancer and autoimmune rheumatic disease, but the evidence is insufficient to provide specific guidelines. Although insufficient data exists to determine specific intervention characteristics (i.e., frequency, intensity, type, time), this information provides a high level of evidence to support exercise training, including aerobic, resistance, and combined training as effective strategies to improve endothelial-dependent vasodilatory function in adults. These findings should help guide the design of specific exercise programs or recommendations.

Comparison of national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults: A systematic review and quality appraisal with AGREE II.

Most older adults 65 years and older accumulate over 8.5 hours/day of sedentary time, which is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndromes and falls. The impact of increased sedentary time in older adults has prompted development of sedentary behaviour guidelines. The purpose of our review was to compare national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults and appraise the quality of guidelines using AGREE II. We conducted our search in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, CINAHL, and relevant grey literature. We included the most recent guidelines for older adults written in English. We identified 18 national and international guidelines; ten of the 18 guidelines included sedentary behaviour recommendations while all 18 included physical activity recommendations for older adults. The ten sedentary behaviour guidelines were developed using cohort studies, knowledge users' opinions, systematic reviews, or other guidelines while the physical activity guidelines were developed using randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and overview of reviews. The definition of sedentary behaviour and the recommendations were inconsistent between the guidelines and were based on very low to low quality and certainty of evidence. All guidelines provided consistent recommendations for aerobic and resistance training; the recommendations were developed using moderate to high quality and certainty of evidence. Only eight physical activity guidelines provided recommendations for balance training and six on flexibility training; the balance training recommendations were consistent between guidelines and based on moderate quality evidence. Further work is needed to develop evidenced-based sedentary behaviour recommendations and flexibility training recommendations for older adults.

Pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback or feedback from a physiotherapist for urinary and anal incontinence after childbirth - a systematic review

BackgroundChildbirth is one of the biggest risk factors for incontinence. Urinary and anal incontinence can cause pain and social limitations that affect social life, cohabitation, and work. There is currently no up-to-date literature study on the effect of pelvic floor muscle training with feedback from a physiotherapist, which involves verbal instructions based on vaginal and anal digital palpation, compared to treatment without feedback (e.g., recommendations for pelvic floor muscle training).AimThe objective of this systematic review was to examine the scientific evidence regarding the impact of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with feedback from a physiotherapist and/or biofeedback on urinary and anal incontinence in women during the first six months following vaginal delivery, compared to treatment without feedback.MethodsThe literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL. In addition, a manual search was conducted. The search terms consisted of MeSH terms and synonyms in the respective search block including population, intervention, and study design, as well as the terms pelvic floor and postpartum. An evaluation of each included study was conducted for methodological quality, evidence value, and clinical relevance.ResultsEight studies were included, three of which showed a significant difference between groups, in favor of the intervention group that received pelvic floor muscle training with feedback from a physiotherapist and/or biofeedback. Due to the varying results and insufficient quality for the majority of the studies, the scientific basis was considered insufficient.ConclusionThe scientific evidence for pelvic floor muscle training with feedback from a physiotherapist or biofeedback on postpartum urinary and anal incontinence compared to treatment without feedback is considered insufficient. Further research on the subject is needed. The study is registered in PROSPERO CRD42022361296.

New Training Recommendations for the Transition From Pediatric to Adult Neurology

New Training Recommendations for the Transition From Pediatric to Adult Neurology

Agility training to integratively promote neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and cognitive function in healthy older adults: a one-year randomized-controlled trial

BackgroundExercise training recommendations for seniors include the targeted training of strength, balance, endurance and flexibility domains. Agility training (AT) is conceptualized as a multi-component and time-efficient training framework for older adults to improve physical, functional and cognitive health domains that are relevant for maintaining activities of daily living. The aim of this one-year trial was to comparatively evaluate the effects of agility training on physical and cognitive function.MethodsSeventy-nine healthy older adults (AT: 61.5% female, 70.8 ± 4.8 years, 27.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2; CG: 60.5% female, 69.6 ± 4.7 years, 27.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2) took part in this one-year randomized controlled intervention and were either assigned to the agility training group (AT) with two weekly 60 min AT sessions or to the control group (CG), receiving no treatment. Participants were assessed pre, intermediate and post intervention for strength and power, balance, gait speed under multi-task conditions, aerobic capacity as well as cognitive performance. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the effect of treatment over time.ResultsFifty-four participants (AG: 25, CG: 29) were analyzed, most drop-outs attributed to COVID-19 (17/30 dropouts). Adherence was good (75%) of 90 offered sessions. Notable effects in favor of AT were found for gait parameters in single (d = 0.355, Δ = 4.3%), dual (d = 0.375, Δ = 6.1%) and triple (d = 0.376, Δ = 6.4%) task conditions, counter movement jump performance (strength and power) (d = 0.203, Δ = 6.9%), static one leg balance (d = 0.256, Δ = 12.33%) and n-back reaction time (cognitive performance) (d = 0.204, Δ = 3.8%). No effects were found for the remaining outcomes (d < 0.175).ConclusionAT might serve as an integrative training approach for older adults particularly improving gait and lower limb power parameters. It seems suitable to improve a broad range of seniors’ health domains and should replace isolated training of these domains. However, individual variation and progression of exercises should be considered when programming agility training providing adequate challenges throughout a long-term intervention for all participants.Trial registrationDRKS, DRKS00017469. Registered 19 June 2019—Retrospectively registered.

Teacher Professionalism Development Strategy through ChatGPT Support in the Context of Education Management

Teachers have a key role in the education system. They are responsible for providing quality education to students, which impacts on the development of individuals, communities and nations. Therefore, improving teacher professionalism is essential in efforts to improve the quality of education. The purpose of this study is to analyse strategies for developing teacher professionalism through ChatGPT support in the context of education management. It involves an investigation of the literature using a qualitative approach, which entails the assessment and interpretation of data and written materials originating from diverse sources. The conclusion of the strategy of developing teacher professionalism through ChatGPT support in the context of education management is that the utilisation of artificial intelligence can be a very useful tool in advancing the quality of education. ChatGPT can provide quick access to information, training recommendations, and even collaboration in teaching planning. However, it is important to remember that teachers still play a key role in education, and ChatGPT should only be used as a support tool. Therefore, in implementing this strategy, there needs to be clear policies and guidelines to ensure the appropriate use of ChatGPT.

Temporal relationship between training and episodes of atrial fibrillation in endurance athletes

Abstract Background Prolonged endurance training promotes exercise-induced cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia among middle-aged endurance athletes. However, there is a lack of data on the impact of training sessions on the recurrence of AF episodes and current guidelines do not provide specific training recommendations for athletes diagnosed with AF. Both sympathetic stimulation during exercise and parasympathetic activity after exercise are possible mechanisms for recurrent episodes of AF. Purpose To assess the temporal relationship of training sessions with recurrent AF episodes among endurance athletes with paroxysmal AF. Methods The Effects of Detraining in Endurance Athletes with Atrial Fibrillation Trial is an international multicenter randomized controlled trial that includes athletes engaged in regular endurance sports ≥five hours per week, diagnosed with paroxysmal AF. AF episodes lasting ≥30 seconds were registered using wireless insertable cardiac monitors (ICM) and reviewed by an experienced cardiologist. Training sessions were registered using sports watches. We analyzed AF episodes and training data for the period from ICM implantation to randomization, and report event rates and rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for recurrent AF episodes during or within 3 hours after training sessions, compared to &amp;gt;3 hours after training. Results Eighteen athletes (1 female, 17 male) with a median age of 55 years (range 44-74) were included. The combined duration of monitoring was 845 days/20,280 hours (median 38.5, range 12-97 days). The athletes performed a total of 619 hours of training during 559 training sessions. In total, 66 AF episodes (median 1, range 0-15) were registered, of which 37 (56%) occurred within 24 hours after the start of a training sessions. Ten AF episodes (15%) occurred during a training session, 12 (18%) occurred within 3 hours after a training session and 44 (67%) occurred &amp;gt;3 hours after training. Figure 1 shows recurrent AF episodes during training (red bars) and within 24 hours from the start of a training session (blue bars) and smoothed density estimates. The event rate per 24 hours was 0.39 for AF during training, 0.17 the first 3 hours after training and 0.06 &amp;gt;3 hours after training. As compared to &amp;gt;3 hours after training, the rate ratio was 6.6 (95% CI 3.8 to 11.6) for recurrent AF episodes during training sessions and 3.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 6.9) for AF episodes during or within 3 hours after training. Conclusion Among middle-aged endurance athletes with paroxysmal AF, the rate of recurrent AF episodes was highest during and within 3 hours after training sessions. The impact of training and the pathophysiology of exercise-induced AF should be investigated further, with the aim of developing preventive strategies specific to athletic populations.Figure 1

An evaluation of trauma informed care training to multi-agency professionals in Herefordshire

BackgroundAdverse experiences can have a significant impact on individuals mental and physical health. Trauma informed approaches have been called upon to address this, with a focus on Trauma Informed Care (TIC) across services. One element of this approach is the delivery of training.Aims &amp; RationaleAims of this evaluation are to consider attendees level of awareness, knowledge and perceived relevance of TIC before and after a TIC training session, in hope of spreading awareness of this approach. Further aims considered evaluating the attendees’ views about the most and least valuable parts of the session, including how they might implement TIC in their working practices.MethodologyA mixed method design was employed. Respondents completed pre- and post-training questionnaires regarding their awareness, knowledge and perceptions of relevance to their roles, as well as their views regarding the content of the training and how they might implement this in their work. Quantitative analysis using the Wilcoxon signed rank test was employed, alongside the use of template analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsThe analysis showed that attendee’s level of awareness, knowledge and relevance of TIC had significantly increased following attendance at the TIC training session. Qualitative template analysis identified nine sub themes within the three main themes.DiscussionResults revealed that the training had a positive effect on the awareness, knowledge and perceived relevance of TIC for attendees. These findings are discussed in relation to existing literature and the implications of these are considered, alongside possible recommendations for future training, based on possible limitations of the study.

Risks and Recommendations for Resistance Training in Youth Athletes: A Narrative Review with Emphasis on Muscular Fitness and Hypertrophic Responses

Risks and Recommendations for Resistance Training in Youth Athletes: A Narrative Review with Emphasis on Muscular Fitness and Hypertrophic Responses

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT HANDSTAND PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES IN HANDSTAND BALANCE CONTROL AND GENDER DIFFERENCESDSTAND BALANCE CONTROL AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

The purpose of the study was twofold: (a) to examine the impact of various finger placements and utilization on the quality, control, and overall efficiency of handstand performance, and (b) to investigate potential gender differences in relation to these factors. Thirty-one young competitive gymnasts (15 males; age: 12.60 ± 2.08, and 16 females; age: 13.31 ± 2.21) participated in this study. A portable posturographic digital platform was used to record hand area (cm²), maximal pressure (kPa), CoP (center of hand pressure) sway area (mm²), CoP linear distance displacement (mm) and CoP velocity. Derived data were analyzed in an integrated software module (Foot Checker, version 4.0). The intra-class correlation coefficient and the coefficient of variation supported the reliability of the measurements. One-way MANOVA showed better balance control for all gymnasts for the handstand with flat palms and joined and fully stretched fingers, followed by that of flat palms and wide open and fully stretched fingers, and wide flat palms and open and flexed fingers. Results from one-way MANOVA indicated no differences between males and females in age, training age, body mass, height, and body mass index. With control for the effects of age, training age, personal characteristics and hand area of support in place, females had better balance control compared to males based on differences in CoP sway area, CoP linear distance displacement, and CoP velocity. Despite the study's limitations, the findings contribute to the existing literature on balance control techniques in handstands in relation to gender differences. The study provides recommendations for more effective training for coaches and suggests avenues for future research.

Training the Vessels: Molecular and Clinical Effects of Exercise on Vascular Health-A Narrative Review.

Accelerated biological vascular ageing is still a major driver of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Exercise training delays this process, known as early vascular ageing, but often lacks effectiveness due to a lack of understanding of molecular and clinical adaptations to specific stimuli. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular and clinical vascular adaptations to acute and chronic exercise. It further addresses how training characteristics (frequency, intensity, volume, and type) may influence these processes. Finally, practical recommendations are given for exercise training to maintain and improve vascular health. Exercise increases shear stress on the vascular wall and stimulates the endothelial release of circulating growth factors and of exerkines from the skeletal muscle and other organs. As a result, remodeling within the vascular walls leads to a better vasodilator and -constrictor responsiveness, reduced arterial stiffness, arterio- and angiogenesis, higher antioxidative capacities, and reduced oxidative stress. Although current evidence about specific aspects of exercise training, such as F-I-T-T, is limited, and exact training recommendations cannot be given, some practical implications can be extracted. As such, repeated stimuli 5-7 days per week might be necessary to use the full potential of these favorable physiological alterations, and the cumulative volume of mechanical shear stress seems more important than peak shear stress. Because of distinct short- and long-term effects of resistance and aerobic exercise, including higher and moderate intensities, both types of exercise should be implemented in a comprehensive training regimen. As vascular adaptability towards exercise remains high at any age in both healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular diseases, individualized exercise-based vascular health prevention should be implemented in any age group from children to centenarians.