Recognition Of Cultural Differences Research Articles

Intertribal Collaboration and Health: A Literature Review.

In the United States, American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) are rebuilding their nations through assertion of sovereignty, standards of governance, cultural frameworks, strategic orientation, and effective leadership. The approach emphasizes tribal self-determination in managing nation affairs and reducing reliance on state and federal assistance. Through nation-building, tribal nations can improve their citizens' health and well-being while empowering local capacity and cultural pride. Intertribal collaboration can be an effective strategy to leverage resources and create a coalition for support and knowledge exchange; however, the research documenting practices, and outcomes of tribal health management that uses intertribal collaboration is limited. This systematic review investigates health-focused collaborations among the tribal nations in North America. Peer-reviewed articles that included at least two federally recognized tribes, described AIAN driven initiatives, implemented a health management plan, collaborated between Indigenous leaders, and goals of social, behavioural, mental, and physical health outcomes were examined. This search was limited to articles published between January 1, 1970 to November 30, 2019. The PRISMA systematic review process was used. Twenty-seven articles were screened, and three articles were eligible for thematic review. The articles highlighted the importance of utilizing an Indigenous framework to facilitate program management and collaboration, recognition of cultural differences, and sovereignty rights. Characteristics that contributed to the establishment and strengthening of intertribal collaboration were: (1) adapt new proposals, (2) respectful recognition of sovereignty, and (3) transparent and honest communication. The small sample size indicated most Indigenous health programs are not "AIAN-driven", limiting the foundation for building evidence-based frameworks.

UNVEILING THE ROLE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN INDIAN MODERN POLITICS

This study encompasses the full analysis of the widespread importance of cultural diversity in Indian contemporary politics. The intricate interplay between India's rich tapestry of cultures and its democratic political landscape is analyzed, highlighting the profound influence of diverse ethnicities, religions, and customs. From historical foundations to modern dynamics, the abstract digs into how cultural variety impacts policies, governance systems, and the democratic spirit itself. The representation of various groups in decision-making processes, the ideological landscape of political parties, and the federal structure of the political system are considered as major features of this effect. The abstract also touches upon the challenges and opportunities posed by cultural diversity, acknowledging its role in social movements and political activism. Ultimately, it underscores how India's commitment to democracy is inseparable from its celebration and recognition of cultural differences, emphasizing that the integration of diversity into the political discourse is a source of strength that defines the nation in the 21st century.

Derechos de los pueblos indígenas, pluralismo jurídico y defensa cultural en el ámbito penal. Reflexiones a partir del caso mexicano

Several national constitutions and international legal instruments recognize the right to cultural diversity as a fundamental right. At the same time, in multicultural societies there is the possibility that individuals from different cultures consider, as licit, behaviors that are criminally sanctioned by the law of the state. It is therefore discussed whether the cultural factors which conditioned the behavior of the defendant should be taken into account in the assessment of her/his criminal responsibility, both in immigration contexts and in those states where there are indigenous peoples. Focusing on the second case, the article aims to verify the feasibility and the desirability of two possible means of recognition of cultural differences in the criminal field: legal pluralism and the cultural defense. To this purpose, it considers the example of how these means are configured in the Mexican legal order. It then discusses, in a more general and theoretical perspective, the “technical” challenges posed – at the legal, institutional and even socio-anthropological level – both by the constitution of a regime of legal pluralism and by the use of the cultural defense in state courts. Finally, the most recurrent normative arguments for and against cultural pluralism in the criminal field are subjected to critical examination. The analysis leads to the conclusion that, although the identification of possible “advanced balances” between respect for cultural differences and the protection of fundamental rights in the criminal field is a difficult goal to achieve, it is not, however, impossible a priori.

Filosofía y sociología de la educación en clave de reconocimiento

This essay reflects on the educational demands of the construction of identities and the recognition of cultural differences in our democratic society. To this end,the articulation of the competences underlying the two models that coexist within our educational institutions is subjected to a critical review and a position is taken in favor of an educational model that includes the humanities, taking as theoretical referent the philosophical ideas of Charles Taylor.

Cultural Differentiation and Social Integration in Complex Modern Societies Reflections on Cultural Diversity Management Strategies from a Sociological Point of View

This paper reflects on foundations of integration in our differentiated and globalized society from a sociological point of view, and links this reflection to most recent scientific acquisitions of the New Systems Theory or Complexity Science about how all systems, natural as well as social systems, work and evolve. Incorporating the sociological tradition on differentiation processes as rule of social functioning, the contemporary sociology accepted emergent, far from equilibrium (entropy), self-organization, unpredictable and surprising organizational change processes, operative closure and autopoiesis concepts, as particularly adapting concepts to represent social systems and, above all, our contemporary society characterized by an increase of complexity due to differentiation, individualization and globalization processes. In this regard, strong and permanent migratory waves, due to economic and digital globalization processes, and increasing cultural differentiation processes, have led contemporary western societies to face a serious social organizational problem: how the recognition of cultural difference and the instance of social integration can be reconciled? In this regard, the characterization of all systems as able to adapt to environmental perturbations and survive by self-organizing, balancing organization integrative constraints and emergencies, that is, far from complete differentiation, without being even minimal connection (far from equilibrium or in the edge of the chaos), can constitute a valid point of reference for sociologically reflecting, starting from here, on current integration policies of cultural differences in our complex society (pluralism, multiculturalism, interculturalism) and their implications for social integration. About it, the paper accepts the perspective of those sociological and political theories according to which, from a theoretical and empirical point of view, the sufficiency of procedural foundations seems to show serious limits as integrative constraint. Therefore, the Complexity language can justify the caution with which the normative multiculturalism—which implies it—is believed that should be considered, by anchoring it to the vision of a society conceived so as to dangerously visit that range of maximum differentiation which should be avoided, being identified as the range of ungovernability. Islamic radicalism and nationalistic rejection signs in the West show that this is no a mere theoretical possibility. How to bridge this relationality deficit that normative multiculturalism seems to institute and avoid the risk of a society unable to regain order with coherence? The Complexity framework is where the entire debate must be kept. Here, the integration proposal of interculturalism can gain greater meaning, avoiding the risks of mono-culturalism, on the one hand, and social balkanization, on the other hand.

Voicing Voluntary Childlessness: Narratives of Non-Mothering in French. By Natalie Edwards.

This study of first-person narratives of voluntary childlessness in this century is the first book-length analysis of texts in French that challenge entrenched cultural assumptions about motherhood, on the one hand, and about women who choose not to mother, on the other. In the first part of her book, Natalie Edwards explores feminist, sociological, and psychoanalytic theories on voluntary childlessness, before moving on in the second part to undertake detailed and fascinating analyses of specific texts by Linda Lê, Jane Sautière, Lucie Joubert, and Madeleine Chapsal, all loosely defined as ‘life-writing’ and all seeking (in markedly different ways) to ‘take ownership of their childless identity and to create a textual space to explore this through literature’ (pp. 15–16). It is significant that Lê is from Vietnam, Sautière from Iran, and Joubert from Quebec: key to this study is a recognition of cultural differences in terms of attitudes to mothering and non-mothering — the context in France is importantly acknowledged here to be very different from that in the Anglo-American places from which the most prevalent theorizations of voluntary childlessness are derived. The study had originally planned to cover French women’s narratives of non-mothering from a range of ethnicities, races, socio-economic backgrounds, and sexual orientations; the relative lack of available narratives of voluntary childlessness underscores precisely the difficulty of articulating the desire not to have children amongst French women (and the discrimination that women who are not mothers face — as shown in the texts studied here), even in this century. Lê’s epistolary confession, Sautière’s experimental autofiction, and Joubert’s interrogative ‘autocritography’, as Edwards puts it, are analysed as constituting alternative textual experiments through which voluntary childlessness can be voiced and claimed; the less formally innovative La Femme sans, by Chapsal (2001), is included for its doubly silenced perspective, narrated by a woman past retirement age (in her seventies) who does not regret her choice not to have children. The choice to explore both form and content in these texts is effective, highlighting the limits of traditional narrative forms — as well as language — to formulate identity as a woman who chooses childlessness. It might be helpful to interrogate further still the notion of a ‘childless identity’ (p. 16), which presumably runs similar risks to an identity rooted only in maternity; if, as Edwards observes, the texts that she analyses ‘ask that society refrain from defining women according to their reproductive role’ (p. 191) then part of this shift would mean shifting away from tropes of identity and more, as indeed this study powerfully does, towards (textual) experimentation and to the voicing of hitherto silenced perspectives. This book — which is written beautifully, with exemplary clarity — offers a fascinating exploration of voluntary childlessness in contemporary French texts, as well as articulating a paradigm shift in the relation between maternity (refused or otherwise) and identity.

A Hindu perspective to organizational learning

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of the relevance and applicability of the Hindu tradition to organizational learning.Design/methodology/approachAttempting to separate the spiritual from the religious aspects, a primarily theoretical approach is used to delineate the basic concepts in Hinduism and their applicability to various aspects of employee and organizational functioning.FindingsConcepts such as Yoga, Dharma, Karma, Yajna and Lokasamgraha are discussed.Originality/valueThis paper stems from the recognition of cultural differences and the need to explore alternative paradigms to understand and enhance organizational functioning.

Feminism's Two Legacies: A Tale of Ambivalence

This essay explores the possibility for twenty-first-century feminism to retrieve the insurrectionary spirit of women's liberation. It begins by charting the shift from a feminist imaginary focused on egalitarian redistribution to a feminist imaginary founded on recognition of cultural difference. I attribute this shift to the inherent ambivalence of feminism, its ability to articulate as easily with liberal individualism as with solidary egalitarianism. I argue that this ambivalence accounts for a subterranean electoral affinity that has enabled the recuperation of feminist ideas as a source of energy and legitimation for the deregulatory, promarket reforms of neoliberal capitalism, with its valorization of market mechanisms (such as wage labor and micro-credit) that have harnessed the dream of women's emancipation to the engine of capitalist accumulation. I conclude by asking how twenty-first-century feminism might revive the political-economic concerns of its most radical period, together with its insights into the dynamics of recognition, to join forces with and radicalize the analyses of critics of neoliberalism who tend—despite the rich history of feminist critique—to overlook the centrality of women's labor in neoliberal productivity.

Self-determining Multiculturalism

The burgeoning human rights discourse of the twentieth century inspired new attention to the location of minority groups within the nation-state and their experiences of violence, discrimination and inequality. The result has been attempts by the nation to address the diversity of its population through the recognition of cultural difference. Attending to two particular rights claims—those of Indigenous self-determination and multiculturalism—we can find a tendency toward subsuming the former within those of the latter. This is a move that results from a top-down approach to the recognition of difference, reproducing colonialist priorities and jurisprudence, and significantly undermining the goals and meanings of Indigenous self-determination. By contrast, when self-determination is approached from the bottom-up, we can gain new perspectives on the meanings of this Indigenous right, expanded to encompass a range of relationships, all crucially built in response to Indigenous identities as First Peoples.

THE KURDS: THEIR HISTORY AND STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE

One of the most challenging questions for contemporary societies has been the recognition of cultural differences and the governance over diversity. Cultural and political leaders of complex communities tend to essentialize cultural boundaries by dichotomizing and categorizing differences. This promotes conflict and prevents effective management of cultural diversity. It has been the common experience of a number of contemporary nation states that not only categorize but also dichotomize and isolate minorities within their borders. A classic example of this, though very little known to the world at large, is the case of the Kurds.

On Shareable Reasons: A Comment on Forst

Journal of Social PhilosophyVolume 45, Issue 1 p. 76-88 Original Article On Shareable Reasons: A Comment on Forst Adam Etinson, Adam Etinson Oxford UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Adam Etinson, Adam Etinson Oxford UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 March 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12054Citations: 3Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume45, Issue1Special Issue: Democratic Citizenship and the Recognition of Cultural Differences. Edited by Carol Gould, Adam Etinson, and Joshua KetonSpring 2014Pages 76-88 RelatedInformation

The Ethics of Care as Normative Guidance: Comment on Gilligan

Journal of Social PhilosophyVolume 45, Issue 1 p. 107-115 Original Article The Ethics of Care as Normative Guidance: Comment on Gilligan Virginia Held, Virginia Held City University of New York, Graduate SchoolSearch for more papers by this author Virginia Held, Virginia Held City University of New York, Graduate SchoolSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 March 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12051Citations: 15Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume45, Issue1Special Issue: Democratic Citizenship and the Recognition of Cultural Differences. Edited by Carol Gould, Adam Etinson, and Joshua KetonSpring 2014Pages 107-115 RelatedInformation

Percepção de estudantes da área da saúde sobre comunidades rurais quilombolas no norte de Minas Gerais-Brasil

OBJETIVO: verificar a percepção de estudantes da área da saúde sobre as condições de vida e saúde de Comunidades Quilombolas. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com estudantes da área de saúde que participaram de uma atividade de pesquisa e extensão em Comunidades Rurais Quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram usados dados de Diário de Campo de Pesquisa, entrevista feita em grupo focal, e os resultados estudados sob o prisma da Análise de Conteúdo. RESULTADOS: as percepções dos estudantes foram categorizadas em três dimensões: reconhecimento das diferenças culturais, perplexidade com as condições precárias de vida e crescimento pessoal com a experiência. A análise de conteúdo mostrou a importância deste tipo de atividade para estudantes da saúde. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo demonstrou a perplexidade dos estudantes quanto aos aspectos de desigualdade que vive as populações quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais.

Dimensions of diversity: Challenges to secondary school teachers with implications for intercultural teacher education

The study used the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) questionnaire instrument developed by Hammer and Bennett (2001) to determine the level of intercultural sensitivity of Hong Kong secondary school teachers. Three hundred and eighty-six serving teachers were surveyed. Findings revealed that the majority of the teachers were operating in the beginning stage, denial/defense, of the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS). They saw the world from an ethnocentric perspective and held a negative view on evaluating cultural differences. Predominantly, emphasis tended to be placed on cultural similarities, and the recognition of cultural differences was superficial. The implications for teacher education are discussed.

New agendas? Culture and citizenship in EU policy

If the liberal tradition considered citizenship mostly as a legal status entailing both rights and duties, opposing views from communitarian or republican theorists privilege its substantive dimensions. Social equality is no longer configured exclusively in terms of material redistribution, they argue, but also through the recognition of cultural difference. Whether related to cultural identity or the empowerment of public agency, citizenship is increasingly couched in cultural terms. Taking recourse to political theory, this paper analyses the connections between culture and citizenship in policy documents by the European Union (EU). It identifies three ‘semantic clusters’, which it discusses in more detail: the ontological, the intercultural and the participatory. If the first harnesses culture to address the EU’s ‘legitimacy deficit’ by promoting a European demos, the second shows how these are complemented with new policy concerns emerging in the context of transnational migration. The third in turn focuses on culture as a platform for citizens’ agency through participation in political and deliberative processes.

Cultural Competence Reexamined: Critique and Directions for the Future

Cultural Competence Reexamined: Critique and Directions for the Future

ART HISTORY AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCE: ALFRED GELL'S ANTHROPOLOGY OF ART

The problems presented by recognition of cultural difference and alterity have long been recognized as presenting substantial challenges to traditional assumptions about the scope and limits of art history. This article examines some of the arguments that have emerged in relation to this issue, focusing in particular on ways in which anthropology and, specifically, the work of Alfred Gell, might contribute to debates. It argues that Gell's theory of the art nexus offers new possibilities for the cross‐cultural study of art, which can be applied not only to the art of small‐scale oral societies but also to Western art history. In so doing, it suggests that the art‐historical engagement with anthropology should imply more than the promotion of difference as a value; rather, it suggests alternative methods of analysis that examine the role of art within social transactions.

Psychologie universelle, psychologie plurielle : la psychologie est-elle une production culturelle ?

Psychology is envisaged in this article as a “cultural product” of the Western World. The Greek etymology of the word itself and the history of the discipline indicate the cultural origin of psychology and justify questioning the universal value of concepts wrought in the midst of the western context. Following its birth at the end of the 19th century, psychology, emancipated relatively to philosophy from which it came and claiming it was following the model of natural science, pretended finding an extension of laws governing natural phenomena in man. But the epistemological crisis exemplified by the works of W. Dilthey (1883) led to the now classical opposition between natural sciences and social sciences. Concurrently, the question of meaning became paramount in the field of clinical psychology and of psychopathology. If the historical perspective clearly shows the western sources of psychology the notion of Western World remains to be defined. This definition is essentially cultural and the author examines both the ideal of mastery and control and the project of conquest of western man symbolised by the Promethean myth. The missionary enterprise and the civilising action of the Western World were underlain by the conviction that western civilisation was the incarnation of an ideal model of culture that had attained perfection. Toward the middle of the 20th century the universalist view of psychology was shaken by the recognition of cultural differences more particularly identified in the field of psychopathology. The transcultural perspective, with the notion of a basic personality, showed up the specificity of western mentality. It also showed up two essential traditional dimensions of western thought: the dualism at the origin of the development of science and technology and the individualism that favoured interest in the individual, in his mental life, in its cognitive and affective aspirations and in the meanders of his interior life. The questioning of the universal value of psychology as it is currently envisaged, applied and taught in the Western World is inseparable from the debate relative to the epistemological statute of the discipline. This could be formulated as follows: should psychology be considered as a science of nature or as a science of subjectivity? Psychopathology is exemplary in showing the necessity of the recourse to a specific anthropological model to render the problems that are observed and the proposed interpretations intelligible as both the problems and the interpretations differ according to the cultural context within which they are expressed. Beginning in the 1940’s American works, by denouncing the potential dangers of a standardizing approach of psychic problems, showed the lack of references to nature and underlined the requirements of analysing the cultural milieu. For the last fifty years or so the encounters with historical and cultural realities foreign to the Western World that were nevertheless coherent, and the discovery of different models that had their own pertinence have shaken the secular confidence in the unbeatable superiority of western knowledge. Comparing the western model of the person to the traditional African model, the author tries to show the relation between the diversity of psychopathological expressions and the plurality of cultural models that are encountered. Autonomy and interiority are characteristic traits of the person in the West, however, in Africa, the person is defined by the explicit bonds that guarantee its unity and coherence by connecting it to family, community and spiritual axes. The field of psychopathology turns out to be particularly heuristic to show up the interest and necessity of taking into account models of representation of the world and of man which, if they are different from those with which we are familiar, are not the less useful, and even necessary to listen to man’s suffering and to try to give it meaning in the midst of a cultural universe which is incomprehensible using only the key of Western discourse. The author claims the interest of an ethnopsychology and concludes by indicating the necessity of taking into account cultural specificities not only in the domain of psychopathology but also in the other fields of psychology, including those concerned with measurement that is supposed to guarantee their objectivity, scientific nature and universality.

North American first peoples: slipping up into market citizenship?

This article explores the nature of Aboriginal demands for a citizenship regime grounded in a substantive recognition of cultural difference and inherent rights in Mexico and Canada. It provides an overview of the different evolution of Aboriginal citizenship in each country but focuses on two recent development projects, the Puebla Panama Plan in Mexico and the Mackenzie Valley pipeline in Canada. These cases demonstrate the ways in which neo‐liberal globalism is reshaping the substantive recognition of Aboriginal cultural difference and inherent rights. While contemporary neo‐liberal rhetoric recognizes cultural difference, the models of development employed effectively separate territory from the ideas of self‐government, culture and identity. The article concludes that the neo‐liberal turn in the construction of Aboriginal citizenship undercuts potentially much richer conceptions of Indigenous citizenship offered by the First Peoples of North America.

Knowledge management: A re-assessment and case

The authors are building a knowledge management system (KMS) for use by several U.S. federal agencies. Its use must harmonize with multiple agency and disciplinary cultures, and also link with the efforts of at least one international agency. In this paper, we present the KMS project’s technological contributions and implementation considerations as a case in knowledge management (KM). We link the public-sector case with our assessment of KM’s current status and future prospects. We find the challenges for KM’s future are in theory, interactivity, integration, the recognition of cultural differences, and the design of marketing programs that respect these differences.