Recognition Of Abuse Research Articles

아동학대 연구의 질적 메타분석

Objectives This study attempted to find out the change in perception of child abuse through qualitative meta-analysis and seek new understanding and improvement directions for correct perception of child abuse. Methods Among the three strategies of meta-cultural technology in qualitative meta-analysis developed by Noblit & Hare (1988) and applied by Britten et al. (2002) and Atkin et al. (2015), this study was analyzed using reciprocal translation analysis and refutation synthesis among the three strategies of qualitative meta-analysis applied by Lee Seung-ho et al. and described them as individual topics in the research results. In the stage of determining the relevance between the research results, the research results were synthesized and reconceptualized. Results This study examined the perception of child abuse before and after child abuse in order to examine the perception of child abuse by victims, perpetrators, spouses, and neighbors. In the case of child abuse recognition, the victim's tendency to think of child abuse as his or her own fault before the recognition of child abuse was cut, and in the case of perpetrators, the cause of child abuse was recognized as the influence of others other than himself. In the case of spouses and people around them, they tended to think that it was not their job. When the child abuse officials' pre-recognition was summarized, it was recognized as ‘child abuse has nothing to do with me’. After the child abuse officials recognized child abuse, the victims knew that the type of parenting they and their friends received was different, and in the case of the perpetrators, they recognized that their parenting method was wrong. In the case of spouses and neighbors, they recognized that they were avoiding the appearance of child abuse. When the child abuse officials' perception of child abuse was combined, a change in perception was found to ‘face child abuse’. Conclusions This study is meaningful in suggesting ways to improve awareness of child abuse in the future in that it helps to understand the perception of child abuse more deeply and analyzes individual qualitative studies from a broader perspective.

Barriers and Facilitators for Help-Seeking Behaviors in British South Asian Women Who Have Experienced Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study

The aim of this study is to identify the barriers and facilitators for help-seeking behaviors among British South Asian (BSA) women. A cross-sectional qualitative method was applied, among 15 BSA women who have experienced domestic violence (DV). Five overarching themes emerged: survivors’ lack of recognition and realization of abuse, fear of the negative effects of abuse, informal help-seeking support and barriers, formal help-seeking support and barriers, and advice from survivors for developing help-seeking opportunities. These barriers and facilitators were linked to intersectional socialization, which have influenced the help-seeking behaviors of BSA women. This study can be helpful for researchers, policymakers, and service providers in understanding the complications in terms of help-seeking behaviors and facilitators for BSA women who experience DV and to develop culturally appropriate interventions to inspire effective help-seeking strategies for South Asian women who experience DV.

Accident or abuse? Differential diagnosis of contact burns from radiators/heaters in children.

Contact burns in children are not uncommon and are often due to accidental contact. Medico-legal assessment is of paramount importance in these contexts to identify cases of abuse. In three cases of burns caused by contact with radiators or a portable heater -two accidental and one deliberate- thorough medico-legal assessment, combined with on-site event reconstruction, enabled accurate diagnoses. Accidental burns displayed a 'pattern' compatible with the incandescent instrument but were more irregular, with different depths and in different parts of the body. In contrast, intentional burns were uniform in depth, distribution and localisation, inconsistent with accidental events. In this context, the on-site inspection and direct evaluation of the objects involved were crucial in the medico-legal assessment. These are indispensable elements for a thorough analysis and abuse recognition.

Health and social care staff's recognition of elder abuse perpetrated by family members of persons with dementia: a mixed-method study.

Health and social care staff play a significant role in detecting and reporting abuse among persons with dementia. However, they are often left to their own judgements which can lead to elder abuse not being detected or acted on. The aim was to explore what healthcare and social care staff consider elder abuse, and their experience of elder abuse perpetrated by family members of persons with dementia. This mixed-method vignette study was conducted in Sweden during the year 2021. In total 39 staff working in dementia care were included. They first answered the Caregiver Scenario Questionnaire and then participated in a group interview. An inconsistency was revealed regarding whether a management strategy for behavioural difficulties included in the Caregiver Scenario Questionnaire should be considered an abusive act or not. No participants were able to identify all five abusive behaviour management strategies. Participants described witnessing 101 abusive acts including different types of abuse of a person with dementia, with emotional/psychological abuse and neglect being most common. Health and social care staff who work close to older persons are able to detect abuse perpetrated by family members. However, inconsistency in defining abusive acts demonstrates the uncertainty in identifying abuse. This may lead to abuse not being identified, but it also creates feelings of inadequacy among staff.

Emergency Department Triage Chief Complaints Among Children Evaluated for Physical Abuse Concerns.

The aims of this study were to describe chief complaints provided at emergency department triage for young children ultimately given a diagnosed with injuries concerning for physical abuse and compare chief complaints by hospital child protection team assessment (abuse most likely, accident most likely, undetermined) among children younger than 2 years who were the subject of a report to child protective services. This is a retrospective review of children evaluated by the child protection team at an urban children's hospital over a 5-year period. Children younger than 2 years who were the subject of a report to child protective services for suspected physical abuse were included. Chief complaints noted in emergency department triage notes were categorized as follows: 1, medical sign or symptom; 2, accidental trauma incident; 3, identified injury; 4, concern for abuse; or 5, multiple unrelated complaints. Child protection team assessments were categorized as follows: 1, abuse most likely; 2, accident most likely; or 3, undetermined. We used descriptive statistics and tests of association (χ 2 , Fisher exact, Kruskal-Wallis). Median age of the 422 children included was 4.9 months. Child protection team assessment was abuse most likely in 44%, accident most likely in 23%, and undetermined in 34%. Chief complaints in the overall sample were 39% medical, 29% trauma incident, 16% injury, 10% abuse concern, and 6% multiple unrelated. When the abuse most likely and accident most likely groups were compared, medical chief complaints were more common in the former (47% vs 19%, P < 0.001), whereas trauma incident chief complaints were more common in the latter (19% vs 64%, P < 0.001). Most common medical complaints in the abuse most likely group were altered mental status, abnormal limb use, swelling, pain, apnea, and vomiting. Many children found to have injuries concerning for abuse (47%) present without mention of trauma, injury, or abuse concern as part of the chief complaint. Our findings suggest important topics to include in training physicians about recognition of abuse.

Diagnosing and Discussing Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review on Training Methods for Health Care Professionals.

Sexual abuse is a health issue with many consequences. Recognizing and discussing past sexual abuse has proven to be challenging for health care professionals. To improve overall quality of health care for sexual abuse victims, health care professionals need to be properly trained. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of training methods for health care professionals and to report on their effectiveness. A scoping review was conducted. A broad search was executed in six databases in December 2022. Study selection was performed by two independent reviewers, followed by quality assessment and data extraction. After screening of titles and abstracts and later full-text assessment for quality appraisal, seven articles were selected, consisting mostly of non-randomized trials, performed among a total of 1299 health care professionals. All studies were assessed to be of moderate to poor quality. The participants attended training courses with a wide variety of durations, settings, formats and methods. The outcomes showed improvements in self-perceived or measured knowledge, skills and confidence to discuss sexual violence. Changes in clinical practice were scarcely investigated. Training courses were most effective when a mix of didactic passive methods, such as lectures and videos, and active participatory strategies, such as discussions and roleplay, were applied. Timely iteration to reinforce retention of gained knowledge and skills also contributed to effectiveness. Participants most enjoyed incorporating opportunities for receiving feedback in small settings and sharing personal experiences. This scoping review summarizes on how to effectively train health care professionals. Flaws and difficulties in measuring the effectiveness of training courses were discussed. Recognition and discussion of past sexual abuse by health care providers can be effectively trained using an alternating mix of multiple active and passive training methods with room for feedback and personal experiences.

Diagnostic Options for Suspected Cases of Emotional Maltreatment - Presentation of the Interdisciplinary Perspective of a Child Protection Outpatient Clinic

Compared to sexual and physical violence, cases of emotional abuse are often more difficult to detect. An increasingly advocated approach involves regular assessments within social and healthcare structures tto proactively identify affected children and adolescents at an early stage. This enables the prompt initiation of appropriate interventions. Following, interdisciplinary institutions such as a child protection outpatient clinic can play an important role for professionals in the clarification of suspected child endangerment.This article aims to show possible courses of action for the early detection of emotional abuse based on a child protection outpatient clinic. In addition to the description of the interdisciplinary diagnostic procedure a selection of psychometric questionnaires and interviews is presented, which inquire about emotional abuse. When looking at the total number of 1,388 cases seen at the child protection outpatient clinic, it is noticeable that only 117 cases (8.4 %) were assigned with a suspicion of emotional abuse.This contrasts with 477 cases (34.3 %) in which confirmed indications for emotional abuse were found after the clarification process. An intersection of emotional abuse with other forms of child maltreatment was given in 341 cases (71.4 %). Psychometric questionnaires and interviews can facilitate a regular recording in health and social service institutions. Emotional abuse often goes unnoticed despite its frequency. Itsmanifestations are diverse and significantly overlap with other forms of maltreatment, necessitating a nuanced evaluation process. Specific diagnostic tools and interdisciplinary collaboration can contribute to better recognition of emotional abuse.

Increasing self-protection skills of children staying in women's shelters with body safety training: a child sexual abuse prevention study

Objectives: Child sexual abuse is a risk for children living in a happy family environment, as well as for children under state protection who have problems in achieving family unity. Methods: The study was conducted with 17 children between 3-7 years of age staying at women’s shelters with their mothers and aimed to improve their sexual abuse recognition and self-protection skills. 7 children identified as experimental group were provided with the Body Safety Training program and the effect of the training was evaluated with the “What If” Situation Test. The test results in the experimental group were compared with 10 children in the control group and the test was repeated three weeks later in order to determine the persistance of the training. Results: The data obtained were evaluated by non-parametric analysis and Kruskal Wallis, Wilcoxon-signed Rank Test were used in addition to Mann Whitney U tests to determine the difference between the groups. As a result of the research, “What If” Situation Test sub-dimension mean scores showed an increase in favor of the post-test in the experimental group, but no significant increase was observed in the control group. Conclusions: This difference observed in the experimental group shows that the Body Safety Training program is an effective program to increase self-protection skills for preventing sexual abuse in children.

‘It's not like we use the word emotional abuse’. A study on Norwegian child welfare workers understanding of emotional abuse

BackgroundDespite the recognition of emotional abuse (EA) as the most pervasive and harmful of all forms of child maltreatment, it is argued to be less understood than other forms of child maltreatment. EA is regarded as a standalone form for maltreatment and an essential factor embedded in all other forms of maltreatment of children, such as physical and sexual abuse. Thus, it is crucial for child welfare workers to understand EA, as one of their core mandates is to prevent and protect children from all forms of maltreatment. ObjectiveThis study aims to explore how child welfare workers in Norway describe and understand EA. Participants and settingThe study included 24 child welfare workers in 6 child welfare offices in Norway. MethodsThe data were obtained from focus group interviews and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsOverall, the findings reveal that EA was unfamiliar to the child welfare workers, and that there is a low degree of awareness on EA among the study participants. Further, EA is closely connected to whether parents provide sufficient emotional care for their children and is understood as part of the complex situation surrounding the child. ConclusionsThis article concludes with the need for reflective and sensitive discussions regarding understanding and awareness of EA in child welfare work. This has the potential to lead to greater insights into how EA is understood by child welfare workers as well as to enhance child welfare workers' abilities to describe, communicate about, and document EA.

Identifying and responding to domestic abuse in the older population: key challenges and complexities

ABSTRACT Many older people are subjected to domestic abuse every year and yet this is an issue that has been neglected in terms of policy, practice, and research. The aim of this research was to develop knowledge and understanding of how key agencies identify and respond to domestic abuse in the older population. A qualitative study, utilising semi-structured interviews with practitioners from statutory and voluntary sector agencies and two older women who had experienced domestic abuse, was undertaken. Findings show that the recognition of domestic abuse in later life is limited, although participants suggested that it was more readily identified now than previously. The complexities of abuse in older age can impact on whether abuse is identified as domestic abuse and it is suggested that age discrimination also impacts on this recognition. Where domestic abuse is identified, there are issues with how it is responded to, including a lack of services to refer on to for older people and a lack of age appropriate tools and resources to draw upon. Issues that complicate this area of practice include the cross over between elder abuse and domestic abuse for older people, particularly where care and support needs are present.

Influence of Cultural Norms on Formal Service Engagement Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis.

For victim-survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), receiving help from formal services such as specialist family violence, health, or criminal justice services can be critical for their safety and well-being. Previous research has found cross-cultural differences in the rates of help-seeking behavior, with women from non-Anglo-Saxon communities less likely to seek formal help than Anglo-Saxon populations. This qualitative meta-synthesis has integrated qualitative evidence to examine the relationship between specific cultural norms and formal service engagement for female victim-survivors of IPV from non-Anglo-Saxon communities. A comprehensive search of seven databases was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published between 1985 to May 2021, in addition to searching gray literature. Thirty-five articles met the criteria for inclusion, representing 1,286 participants from 20 cultural groups. Based on a thematic synthesis approach, five key themes that captured specific cultural norms that influence formal service engagement were identified: (1) gender roles and social expectations, (2) community recognition and acceptance of abuse, (3) honor-based society, (4) the role of religion, and (5) cultural beliefs and attitudes toward formal services. These findings have important implications for responses to family violence, particularly concerning family violence education for non-Anglo-Saxon ethnically diverse communities and best-practice strategies to improve the cultural relevancy of formal service providers.

Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Child Abuse and Neglect Among Dental Students from North Macedonia

Introduction. Signs of child abuse and neglect are often found in the orofacial region and, therefore, it is very important for dental students, as future dentists, to recognize and report them.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards child abuse and neglect among dental students.&#x0D; Material and Methods. The study was performed at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saints Cyril and Methodius University, among all dental students of the six-year undergraduate dental programme. The data were collected between January and February 2022 using a Google Form and shared via available social media platforms. The definition of physical indicators of abuse, awareness regarding legal and ethical issues, students’ experience of child abuse recognition were evaluated by a questionnaire.&#x0D; Results. The questionnaire completion rate was 70%. As many as 20.86% of dental students very rarely received training on recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect; 79.75% of dental students had never received any information about child abuse during their university education; about 91.41% of students wanted to receive more knowledge about child abuse and neglect. No differences were observed in terms of gender and year of study.&#x0D; Conclusions. Dental students in North Macedonia are not sufficiently prepared for their role in diagnosing suspected cases of child abuse. An educational program about diagnosing, reporting, and preventing child abuse and neglect should be involved in the curriculum of undergraduate students from North Macedonia.

Child Maltreatment Education: Utilizing an Escape Room Activity to Engage Learners on a Sensitive Topic.

Child Maltreatment Education: Utilizing an Escape Room Activity to Engage Learners on a Sensitive Topic.

Abuse and risk factors among community-dwelling elderly in South Korea during COVID-19

ABSTRACT Elder abuse is a serious social problem in South Korea. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors of elder abuse during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By using the 2020 Living Profiles of Older People Survey in Seoul Metropolitan City and considering sociodemographic, health-related, social support, and isolation factors as independent variables, a logistic regression model was established. Among 3,106 samples, the overall rate of elder abuse was 8.5%, with emotional abuse being the most frequent. Social isolation (OR = 1.47, p = .018) and recognition of abuse (OR = 0.90, p = .003) were associated with having experienced abuse. Seniors with a greater number of diseases, higher levels of dependency, depressive symptoms, and/or cognitive impairments were more likely to suffer abuse, as were those who smoked or drank alcohol. To prevent elder abuse by social isolation during and after COVID-19, more active health promotion programs and healthy aging policies should be implemented.

English

Conflicts and displacements have high impact on mental health due to direct exposure to traumatic events and exposure to increased levels of daily stressors. Post-traumatic stress and other common disorders in conflict or post conflict settings have been well identified however recognition of substance use or abuse and what substances are in use, as well as predictors in conflict settings is sparse. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, types and predictors of recreational drug use among residents of a conflict affected area in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. This was a cross sectional study. We used consecutively sampling to interview 387 adults on recreational drug use in Mamfe a peri-urban town in conflict hit South West Region of Cameroon. Prevalence of ever and current use of recreational drugs were calculated, binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ever and current use of recreational drugs. 264 (68.22%) participants had (ever) used drugs for recreational purposes and 252 (65.12%) were current users. Of the 10 different recreational drugs detected, Alcohol (65.4 = 36%), cigarette (25.32%) and opioids (12.14%) were the most consumed. After multivariate analyses, age range of 35 to 54 years (AOR 1.65, 95% CI 0.79 to 3.48), male gender (AOR 3.47, 95% CI 2.03 to 5.94), and being a student (AOR 10.51, 95% CI: 1.15 to 95.93) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of ever used drugs for recreational purposes. Being internally displaced (AOR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.44 to 1.50) significantly predicted higher likelihood of current use of recreational drugs. Employment status of housewife (AOR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.03 to 8.64) predicted lower odds of recreational drug use. Recreational drug use is common among people living in the conflict affected area of Southwest of Cameroon. while housewives are less likely to use recreational drugs. Mental health interventions in conflict settings in low income settings should target male adults &gt;35years and students as these are at high risks of recreational drug use as well as IDP&rsquo;s as they deal with multiple stressors due to displacement. Key words: Recreational drugs, predictors, conflict-affected area.

Elder Abuse: A Global Challenge and Canada's Response.

Elder abuse is a global call to action. Nurses have a primary role to play in its detection and prevention. Globally, demographic change is creating an increasing number of older adults. Consequently, this increased number of people will be affected by age discrimination and ageism, both of which contribute to elder abuse. Despite the existence of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, older adults are not recognized explicitly under the international human rights laws that legally oblige governments to address the rights of all people. Drawing initially on global conversations specific to elder abuse and the role of nurses, the current article explores the challenges of recognizing and combating elder abuse. To provide specific gerontological nursing strategies, recognition is given to actions implemented in Canada to address this major health challenge. The desired outcome is an advocacy framework for gerontological nurses to use in working toward the recognition and prevention of elder abuse. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(4), 21-25.].

Assessing feasibility of an adolescent relationship abuse prevention program for girls.

Sexual violence and relationship abuse are prevalent among adolescents and programs promoting gender equity, reproductive justice, and healthy relationships are key strategies for prevention. While such "gender transformative" approaches appear promising for boys, they have not been evaluated among girls. This study assessed the feasibility of this community-based program, called Sisterhood 2.0, among girls in socially disadvantaged urban neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This quasi-experimental trial examined feasibility of Sisterhood 2.0 (n = 246), delivered through 8 weekly sessions, assessed through attendance, retention and satisfaction. Participants completed surveys at baseline and end of program assessing other relevant measures. Generalized linear mixed models estimated changes from baseline to follow up comparing intervention to control participants. Eleven neighborhoods were assigned to Sisterhood 2.0 (n = 5 neighborhoods) or job-readiness training (n = 6 neighborhoods). Girls were between the ages of 13 and 19, 8-10th graders (59%), and self-identified as Black (69%). Participants most often attended because they thought the program would be interesting (74%) and returned because of the women teaching the program (71%). Girls reported experiences with physical adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) (30% in both arms), emotional ARA (66% intervention; 56% control), or sexual ARA (11% intervention; 12% control). Physical ARA perpetration was high in both arms (intervention: 47%; control: 46%). Significant intervention effects were observed in recognition of abuse (β = 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.78). No other significant intervention effects were observed. Community-based gender-transformative programming for girls is feasible and may be a promising approach for addressing interpersonal violence and promoting sexual health.

New Horizons for the Journal: Familiar Landscapes in Child Protection

New Horizons for the Journal: Familiar Landscapes in Child Protection

Amongst Norwegian paediatricians there is little agreement in management of cases of suspected child maltreatment.

Child maltreatment is not unusual in our society but little is known about the medical management of cases in the Nordic countries. This study investigated physician knowledge and practice in cases of suspected physical and sexual abuse and neglect. Using a patient vignette questionnaire, we assessed paediatrician knowledge and clinical decision-making on paediatric wards at 17hospitals in Norway. Experts and non-experts in child maltreatment responded to the survey which described six potential cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect. A total of 156 paediatricians, 67% of whom were female and with a mean age of 40, responded. There was a high level of unanimity in recognition of abuse, but wide variation and little consensus in clinical decision-making and adherence to national guidelines, with Fleiss kappa ranging from -0.002 to 0.468. In cases involving physical abuse concerns in infants and toddlers, less than half of all paediatricians reported they would order a full radiologic skeletal survey and head MRI/CT imaging, and less than 30% would plan follow-up consultations. This study shows little agreement in the paediatric management of child maltreatment cases. These findings suggest the need for a national plan ensuring appropriate paediatric care for maltreated children.

Radiological Manifestations of Ketamine Abuse

Teaching point: Awareness of the radiological manifestations helps recognition of ketamine abuse.