Reclamation Method Research Articles

The Civilization Developed along Waters

In ancient societies seas and rivers played an important role in spreading of the civilizations. In Japan seas and oceans have remained important even until now. The role of rivers in Japan, however, was gradually changed to that in irrigation and drinking, and its industrial importance has now become recognized in modern ages.There are two reasons for rivers retreating from the means of spreading of the civilization.1) Basins formed by one river system became complete as the space of life but lost their integration that had existed by means of a river. This was brought about by the new method of reclamation that came from China: For the management of paddy-field with rivers being the source of water supply it was necessary for rivers to be divided into small parts one system by one system.2) By using new method of reclamation powerful families in the provinces developed the space of life. As a result consanguineal societies were changed into territorial societies. Overland routes took the place of waterways as means of contact among many territorial societies formed in one water system. And rivers lost their importance as traffic routes and became important as the source of water supply (water for irrigaition).The purpose of this article is to make clear the history of the roles of such river systems, taking an example from Sumiyoshi Shrine that used to possess a large ancient dominion on the Hyogo River. As Sumyoshi Shrine was a tutelary god, its domain was on the Bay of Osaka (that was) next to the Inland Sea of Seto. However, by forming a connection with the Imperial Court of Yamato the shrine widened its domain along the river system and gained a vast area including woods and river valley inland. Because it was not originally the god of agriculture or forestry, it began to draw back when it lost the protection of the Imperial Court of Yamato, and finally retreated to the sea-side place which it had first possessed. The shrines that lost even their first domains have maintained only the buildings in which the faith in the gods of navigation and diplomacy is slightly kept.

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamat ion (Part 10) : Changes in Soil Consistency of Polder Soils in Relation to Soil Formation

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamat ion (Part 10) : Changes in Soil Consistency of Polder Soils in Relation to Soil Formation

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 8) : The Effects of Soil Managements on the Consistency in Heavy Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 8) : The Effects of Soil Managements on the Consistency in Heavy Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 1) : Changes in Soil Structure of Polder Soils in Relation to Soil Formation.

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 1) : Changes in Soil Structure of Polder Soils in Relation to Soil Formation.

A Descriptive Geography of the Lagoon

This article is an analysis of the ecological balance of the lagoon. The writer has chosen, as an example, Ochi Lagoon at the Ochi Trough, Noto Province.In Chapter One various natural conditions of the lagoon are surveyed to see how the land is affected by them, especially by flooding and low tide.Chapter Two deals with the backgrund of history, specifically the development of newly reclaimed rice-fields since the Tokugawa Era. The reclamation process has also been affected by conditions of nature. Moreover, because the lagoon was a commonage from the beginning, newborn rice-fields would present complicated problems of ownership. The complication once led to the so-called Anei Case, which in turn resulted in the Land Reclamation Law.Chapter Three deals with the modern history of the lagoon. Prewar partial land reclamation under prefectural sponsorship proved a failure, so that after the last War total reclamation has been under way, sponsored by the national government. This postwar method of reclamation has raised the question of allotment of reclaimed land. One reason why the question has caused so much trouble is the deep-rooted custom of commonage, which should be regarded rather as an instinct of the native inhabitants to maintain their supremacy, than as a left-over from the feudal age.When the lagoon disappears, the ecological balance of the neighboring district will naturally be destroyed and a new balance will have to be created. This is to my thinking the heart of the matter.

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 6) : On the Structure and the Consistency of Single Base Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 6) : On the Structure and the Consistency of Single Base Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 7) : The Effects of Soil Managements on the Structure in Heavy Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 7) : The Effects of Soil Managements on the Structure in Heavy Soils

Direct Recharge of Ground Water with Sewage Effluents

Report on 3 yr study of feasibility and public health safety of injecting sewage effluents directly into underground aquifers; mixtures of settled raw sewage and water were used to recharge 5-ft thick confined aquifer located 95 ft underground; results show that direct recharge of groundwaters is safe and feasible method of waste water reclamation and ground water replenishment.

Methods for determining the consistency limits and constants of soil

Abstract The physical analysis of soil tilth has long been one of the important problems in relationship to the solution of soil productivity. Various methods have been proposed to measure soil tilth and most of them are based upon granulation, porosity, penetration and compressibility of soils. In our laboratory here studies3,4) for the physical improvement of soil are being continued to find a suitable method of reclamation for heavy clayey polder soils of extremely bad structure in Kojima Bay. In this paper several methods for measuring the consistency limits, and consistency of dry and wet soil are reported, and the value of these methods as a measure of soil tilth is discussed.

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 4) : A Note on Measurements of Consistency Limits and Constants (II) Research on Consistency of Dry and Moist Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 4) : A Note on Measurements of Consistency Limits and Constants (II) Research on Consistency of Dry and Moist Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 5) : A Note on Methods of Evaluating Soil Structure

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 5) : A Note on Methods of Evaluating Soil Structure

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 3) : A Note on Measurements of Consistency Limits and Constants (1) On ATTERBERG'S Consistency Limits of Soils

Studies on Physical Properties of Polder Soils and Method of Reclamation (Part 3) : A Note on Measurements of Consistency Limits and Constants (1) On ATTERBERG'S Consistency Limits of Soils

Problems Connected with Reclamation of Worn Parts by the Metal-spraying Process

In times of peace the salvaging of worn parts is not usually a major problem confronting the mechanical engineer. Every consideration is given to new materials and to novel designs, but except for those engaged on works maintenance, the returning of old parts to service has not in the past received enough attention from professional engineers. In war time, however, the repair of damaged material becomes a national duty. Although metal spraying by the wire process has become more widely known during the past two decades, the number of engineers who would feel competent to judge its suitability for any repair is comparatively small. The object of the present paper is to describe certain matters of interest to engineers in connexion with this form of salvage. It is not proposed to give details of metal spraying tools or pistols, as descriptions of these may be consulted in the technical press (Rollason, Turner, and Budgen 1939).† For the same reason an account of the many parts normally repaired by this method (Ballard 1942; Ballard, Fairbairn, and Pilkington 1942) is omitted. Metal spraying is being used commercially to a very large and increasing extent for reclamation work. To assist engineers faced with the problem of repairing a worn part, the author has arranged the paper in the form of answers to the following questions: ( a) Is metal spraying a suitable method of reclamation? ( b) If so, how must the work be prepared for spraying? ( c) What method of spraying and which metal should be used? ( d) What finish is necessary?

Certain aspects of trypanosomiasis in some African dependencies

Although epidemic sleeping sickness may cause serious depopulation, the occurrence of a few cases should not be regarded as a calamity. Provided that there is adequate contact between the medical staff and general population there is no fear of such wholesale devastation as occurred formerly. Mass treatment of itself will reduce an epidemic to reasonable proportions. Constant vigilance is necessary, but fear of fresh disasters should not lead to unnecessarily severe and irksome restrictions. At present the disease is fairly mild, though patches of virulent infection occur. The proportion of severe nervous cases in Uganda, the Congo and the Sudan is not much higher than in Nigeria. Control measures should not interfere with general development. The restriction and settlement of population in unsuitable areas might cause more damage through poor nutrition and famine than sleeping sickness would have done. Most of Tanganyika Territory is infested with tsetse. Sleeping sickness is no longer serious as the population of infected areas has been concentrated in special treatments. There were only 168 cases in 1937. Cattle trypanosomiasis is the important problem. The fly-free areas are over-populated and overstocked. Soil impoverishment and erosion are increasing, and will continue to do so unless spread of tsetse is stopped and new areas reclaimed. A cattle assess on the four to five million cattle there would provide funds for soil and grazing control for tsetse research. A cheap and easy method of reclamation, to be used when required, is essential. In Uganda and the Sudan sleeping sickness is under control. The populations of the old epidemic areas have been moved to less dangerous regions. They are inspected regularly and cases treated. In both countries the restriction of population is causing overcrowding and soil impoverishment. It is hindering development and will have to be reconsidered. In Nigeria the disease is being controlled by mass treatment and the establishment of dispensaries and concentration by communal labour, and, as a last resource, the movement and concentration of population; 300,000 cases have been treated in the last 7 years. In many of the main epidemic areas the infection rate is now a tenth of the old figure. In moving population the object is to secure the maximum improvement and development and to try to make the new settlements demonstrations for the rest of the country. People are being helped to build model compounds, and villages are being laid out properly.