Reckless Behavior Research Articles

Typologies of PTSD clusters and reckless/self-destructive behaviors: A latent profile analysis

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comorbid with diverse reckless and self-destructive behaviors (RSDBs). We examined the nature and construct validity (covariates of age, gender, depression severity, number of trauma types, functional impairment) of the optimal class solution categorizing participants based on PTSD symptom and RSDB endorsement. The sample included 417 trauma-exposed individuals recruited through Amazon's MTurk platform who completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the Posttrauma Risky Behaviors Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Latent profile analyses indicated an optimal three-class solution: the Low PTSD-RSDBs, High PTSD-Low RSDBs, and High PTSD-RSDBs classes. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that impairment and depression predicted the High PTSD-Low RSDBs vs. the Low PTSD-RSDBs classes. Impairment, age, being female, and depression predicted the High vs. Low PTSD-RSDBs classes. Number of trauma types, age, being female, and depression predicted the High PTSD-RSDBs vs. High PTSD-Low RSDBs classes. Results support the presence of a reckless behaviors subtype of PTSD (characterized by greater depression, greater impariment, greater number of trauma types, being male, and being younger), conducting comprehensive assessments of RSDBs for individuals reporting PTSD symptoms and of PTSD symptoms for individuals reporting RSDBs, and the need to tailor interventions to treat PTSD and RSDBs concurrently.

Privacy behavior profiles of underage Facebook users

Social network sites (SNSs) provide users many mechanisms to share personal information and to restrict access to disclosure. In this regard, users' privacy-protective and -precarious practices often occur simultaneously. However, past research on SNS privacy issues has often focused on one side of these privacy practices. Additionally, underage students (aged 9–17) constitute a population of SNS users that is less investigated. Many ineligible students (aged less than 13) are in the habit of using Facebook. Their reckless online behaviors sometimes land them in trouble. To investigate underage students' privacy-protective and -precarious practices simultaneously, cross-sectional surveys were given to students in the primary, middle and high schools around Taiwan. We employed cluster analysis and discovered four clusters as a result. The relationships between memberships and demographical variables as well as other variables such as parental mediation or Internet use were explored as a validation of the clustering results. It was found that membership was related to age, gender, network size and parental mediation. Different interventions are suggested based on these profiles.

Narcissistic Disorders of the Self as Addictions

Pathological narcissism is an addiction to Narcissistic Supply, the narcissist’s drug of choice. It is, therefore, not surprising that other addictive and reckless behaviours – workaholism, alcoholism, drug abuse, pathological gambling, compulsory shopping, or reckless driving – piggyback on this primary dependence. The narcissist – like other types of addicts – derives pleasure from these exploits. But they also sustain and enhance his grandiose fantasies as “unique”, “superior”, “entitled”, and “chosen”. They place him above the laws and pressures of the mundane and away from the humiliating and sobering demands of reality. They render him the centre of attention – but also place him in “splendid isolation” from the madding and inferior crowd. Such compulsory and wild pursuits provide a psychological exoskeleton. They are a substitute to quotidian existence. They afford the narcissist with an agenda, with timetables, goals, and faux achievements. The narcissist – the adrenaline junkie – feels that he is in control, alert, excited, and vital. He does not regard his condition as dependence. The narcissist firmly believes that he is in charge of his addiction, that he can quit at will and on short notice. The narcissist denies his cravings for fear of “losing face” and subverting the flawless, perfect, immaculate, and omnipotent image he projects. When caught red handed, the narcissist underestimates, rationalises, or intellectualises his addictive and reckless behaviours – converting them into an integral part of his grandiose and fantastic False Self

Narcissistic Disorders of the Self as Addictions

Pathological narcissism is an addiction to Narcissistic Supply, the narcissist’s drug of choice. It is, therefore, not surprising that other addictive and reckless behaviours – workaholism, alcoholism, drug abuse, pathological gambling, compulsory shopping, or reckless driving – piggyback on this primary dependence. The narcissist – like other types of addicts – derives pleasure from these exploits. But they also sustain and enhance his grandiose fantasies as “unique”, “superior”, “entitled”, and “chosen”. They place him above the laws and pressures of the mundane and away from the humiliating and sobering demands of reality. They render him the centre of attention – but also place him in “splendid isolation” from the madding and inferior crowd. Such compulsory and wild pursuits provide a psychological exoskeleton. They are a substitute to quotidian existence. They afford the narcissist with an agenda, with timetables, goals, and faux achievements. The narcissist – the adrenaline junkie – feels that he is in control, alert, excited, and vital. He does not regard his condition as dependence. The narcissist firmly believes that he is in charge of his addiction, that he can quit at will and on short notice. The narcissist denies his cravings for fear of “losing face” and subverting the flawless, perfect, immaculate, and omnipotent image he projects. When caught red handed, the narcissist underestimates, rationalises, or intellectualises his addictive and reckless behaviours – converting them into an integral part of his grandiose and fantastic False Self

Public attitudes and beliefs about Virginia community pharmacists dispensing and administering naloxone

ObjectivesTo determine awareness concerning naloxone and perceived severity of opioid overdose, to identify attitudes and beliefs concerning naloxone, and to assess perceived benefits and barriers related to naloxone dispensed and administered by community pharmacists. MethodsThe project was conducted in 3 phases. Phase 1 consisted of survey development and pretesting to identify unclear questions. The survey used principles of the health belief model, focusing on perceived severity of opioid overdose, perceived barriers and benefits to community pharmacists dispensing and administering naloxone, naloxone awareness, sources of health information, and attitudes and beliefs about naloxone. Question types were 5-point Likert response scale with several multiple choice and dichotomous questions. In phase 2, the paper-based survey was distributed to adults in the Richmond area from December 2016 to June 2017. Phase 3 consisted of data analysis using descriptive statistics. ResultsOne hundred twenty-nine individuals with a mean age of 35.4 years (56.7% male and 44.4% white) completed the survey. Opioid overdose was identified as a serious problem in the Richmond area and the United States by 71.9% and 81.3% of respondents, respectively. Among respondents, 39.5% had heard of naloxone before the survey. Most respondents were comfortable with a community pharmacist dispensing and administering naloxone (66.4% and 64.0%, respectively). Of the 31 respondents who were not comfortable with pharmacists dispensing or administering naloxone, 18 respondents identified promoting drug abuse and misuse and 12 respondents identified promoting reckless behavior as a perceived barrier. ConclusionsWhile most survey respondents were not aware of naloxone before completing the survey, the majority were in favor of community pharmacists in Virginia dispensing and administering naloxone. The most commonly identified concern is that pharmacists dispensing naloxone would promote drug abuse and misuse, which should be addressed with patient education.

“Reckless People”: Negotiations of identity in Richard Ford’s Rock Springs

ABSTRACTIn an early profile of Richard Ford, Bruce Weber referred to the “uncommon characters” in Rock Springs; a few years later, Elizabeth Hardwick characterized them as “reckless people,” while Jeffrey J. Folks has quite usefully offered “postmodern cowboys.” This article revisits Rock Springs to establish whether there is indeed something unique or distinctive or even generalizable about the characters, noting some of the pronouncements on the concept of character by Ford and his famous protagonist, Frank Bascombe. The article then explores Ford’s canny witness to some of the ways in which certain characters fudge their life narratives or “narrative identities” (Ricoeur) in order to render them more acceptable to themselves and to others. This process, which involves accommodating cognitive dissonance or bad faith (Sartre), is what sanctions and thus effectively enables their reckless behavior.

The relation between working conditions, aberrant driving behaviour and crash propensity among taxi drivers in China

Although the taxi industry is playing an important role in Chinese everyday life, little attention has been posed towards occupational health issues concerning the taxi drivers’ working conditions, driving behaviour and road safety. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1021 taxi drivers from 21 companies in four Chinese cities and collected information about (i) sociodemographic characteristics, (ii) working conditions, (iii) frequency of daily aberrant driving behaviour, and (iv) involvement in property-damage-only (PDO) and personal injury (PI) crashes over the past two years. A hybrid bivariate model of crash involvement was specified: (i) the hybrid part concerned a latent variable model capturing unobserved traits of the taxi drivers; (ii) the bivariate part modelled jointly both types of crashes while capturing unobserved correlation between error terms. The survey answers paint a gloomy picture in terms of workload, as taxi drivers reported averages of 9.4 working hours per day and 6.7 working days per week that amount on average to about 63.0 working hours per week. Moreover, the estimates of the hybrid bivariate model reveal that increasing levels of fatigue, reckless behaviour and aggressive behaviour are positively related to a higher propensity of crash involvement. Lastly, the heavy workload is also positively correlated with the higher propensity of crashing, not only directly as a predictor of crash involvement, but also indirectly as a covariate of fatigue and aberrant driving behaviour. The findings from this study provide insights into potential strategies for preventive education and taxi industry management to improve the working conditions and hence reduce fatigue and road risk for the taxi drivers.

Derwent Moultrie Coleridge's Australian Exile

The literary career and troubled life of Derwent Moultrie Coleridge (1828–80), Derwent Coleridge's eldest son (S. T. Coleridge's first grandson) has been critically overlooked. After a period of alcohol-related, reckless behaviour at Cambridge University, he was exiled to Australia in November 1850, lest he continue to dishonour his father and the Coleridge name. Despite struggling considerably, he quickly became part of an Australian literary circle and he often contributed poems to Sydney newspapers. This essay analyses the most biographical of his poems that was published in the Australian press, ‘The Loafer's Christmas’ (1871) – a hitherto unknown poem – looking, in particular, at the dialogues in which the poem engages with his family, especially S. T. Coleridge's ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’. I also contextualise ‘The Loafer's Christmas’ within nineteenth-century Australian culture. Looking at issues of exile, idleness, addiction, family, home(lessness), and religious redemption, this essay explores the ways in which Derwent Moultrie's exile proved to be both a literary liberation and a dead end, trapping him between times and spaces, real and imaginary. In so doing, I show how the lost life and writings of Derwent Moultrie Coleridge can offer us new perspectives on the Coleridge legacy.

Prevalence and attitude of university students towards mobile phone use while driving in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and attitude of university students towards mobile phone use while driving. The present study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Five hundred and ninety-three participants were recruited for this study. Attitude, consequences and their involvement in various reckless behaviours pertaining to the use of mobile phone while driving were checked by a questionnaire. Overall, the majority of the respondents (90%) use a mobile phone while driving. About half of the participants had experienced consequences regarding texting while driving and had engaged in reckless behaviour. The majority of the students of Faculty of Medicine, Engineering Sciences, Earth Sciences, Administration and Economics and Orientation Classes were more frequently texting while driving (p < .001). The unmarried students were more often texting while driving as compared to married (p < .001). Overall, the majority of the respondents use the mobile phone while driving.

RASTREAR PERCEPTOS DOS MBYÁ-GUARANI NA ETNOGRAFIA DE CAMINHADA DO MBURUVIXÁ JOSÉ CIRILO PIRES MORINICO: COSMOPOLÍTICA TRANSNACIONAL, PÓS-COLONIAL E HISTORICIDADE ORIGINÁRIA NA REGIÃO PLATINA DO III MILÊNIO

Recuperar a experiência etnográfica de parte da trajetória de vida do "Cacique Geral" Mbyá José Cirilo - além de ser uma alegria, uma honra e uma oportunidade para sistematizar uma radical transformação pessoal - permite o exercício de um diálogo lateral com as teorias antropológicas pós-coloniais, hermenêuticas e fenomenológicas contemporâneas, na tentativa de arremessar nosso entendendimento ao nível das proposições existenciais (cosmo-ontológicas) e fenomênicas da alteridade radical dos Mbyá-Guarani. Aquém e além dos "conceptos" e do "ser", a proposição filosófica dos Mbyá-Guarani é "estar" (WHITE:2008) ciente a interpretar constantemente os "perceptos" (LÉVI-STRAUSS,1997), menosprezando a introspecção mental analítica e quantitativa (racionalismo abstrato). Não se trata de um perspectivismo mental ameríndio, mas sim de perceptivismo corporal Mbyá centrado no fazer desabrochar novas percepções desde sentimentos advindos do "coração" (KUSCH, 2000) ou, ao contrário, das partes “telúricas” do corpo. A consciência é dirigida continuamente ao aleatório espontâneo, pois do caótico é preciso extrair compreensão: dos sonhos; dos pensamentos inspirados que chegam à mente e das sensações pouco ordinárias que afetam o corpo; dos fenômenos observados da natureza e do comportamento impensado das crianças. Tudo é objeto de atenção, percebido como signos ou presságios divinos quanto às circunstâncias da vida desperta, dados a serem interpretados em sua imediaticidade, a fim de que se chegue ao diagnóstico sobre a situação atual e à decisão certa a tomar em cada uma das encruzilhadas que perfazem o caminhar da vida. O Mburuvixá Cirilo é protagonista de uma legítima cosmopolítica transnacional em sua busca pelo "Belo Caminho da Tradição", pois sua trajetória começou criança nos confins das florestas de Misiones (Para Miri), tornando-se jovem liderança em comunidades na Argentina junto à dor pela morte prematura de seu filho primogênito, quando foi se esconder no fundo da floresta para se concentrar "espiritualmente", conversar com o Deus, ao ponto dele receber um canto mágico para lhe tranquilizar o coração e lhe tornar um Xondaru Marangatu (guardião da Tradição). Por indicação de Nhanderú, depois veio com a família na direção de Para Guaçu , litoral do Brasil, e tornou-se Mburuvixá Tenondé, liderança política originária que representa o respeito ao Tekó Porã (Belo Viver), preservando a alegria e o respeito à tradição dos mais velhos, velhas e das lideranças espirituais (Karai Kuery e Kunhã-Karai Kuery), verdadeiro articulador étnico, agente intercultural e mediador capaz de "sensibilizar o coração dos brancos" (mexer em nossos perceptos) e adaptar as políticas indigenistas desde "costuras" interinstitucionais que se efetivam em ações políticas concretas afinadas ao holismo do Mbyá-Rekó. E ainda mantendo a índole aguerrida dos primeiros Guarani, no sentido literal do termo, participando de processos de autodemarcação da Terra Indígena do Campo Molhado em 1994 e na recente retomada da aldeia Tekoa Ka’a Guy Porã nas matas dentro da área da extinta FEPAGRO em Maquiné, RS.

Derwent Moultrie Coleridge and Hartley Coleridge: Exile, Family, and Australia

This essay traces the lost life of Derwent Moultrie Coleridge – Derwent Coleridge’s eldest son, S. T. Coleridge’s first grandson – who was exiled to Australia in 1850. Through analysis of family correspondence, I explore the history which led to Derwent Moultrie’s exile, which was deemed to be the only “solution” to his drinking habits and reckless behaviour. There is a striking parallel between the lives of Derwent Moultrie and his uncle Hartley. I argue that Derwent’s conflicted relationship with his brother Hartley (and with his father) conditioned his strict treatment of his son. And, in turn, that Derwent’s disappointment with his son influenced his somewhat disjunctive representation of Hartley in his influential Memoir of his brother (1851), which shaped Hartley’s posthumous reputation. Finally, this essay shows how, despite a life of turbulent hardship in Australia, Derwent Moultrie contributed to the growth of Australian literature, a notable achievement which is yet to be critically recognised.

Attitudes towards protective headgear in UK rugby union players

Background/aimConcussions in rugby union pose a major threat to player welfare. Research has found protective headgear offers no significant protection against concussions but suggests a large proportion of players perceive...

Sexual Coercion in the College Population: A Form of Risk-Taking Behavior.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a decision-making model of risk-taking behavior, specifically impulsivity, positive and negative outcome expectation, and sensation seeking, can be extended to motivation for perpetration of sexual coercion. Participants included 276 sexually active college students between the ages of 18 and 25 years old who completed a set of questionnaires: (a) Sexual Experiences Survey, (b) Sensation Seeking Scales, (c) Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events, (d) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and (e) Reckless Behavior Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship between these decision-making models and sexually coercive behaviors. General risk-taking behaviors were positively correlated with acts of sexual coercion, r = .16, p < .01. The predictor variables accounted for a significant amount of the variance in sexual coercion, R2 = .11, F(4, 246) = 7.57, p < .01. Only sensation seeking contributed unique variance to our model of sexual coercion, β = .27, t = 4.06, p < .01. Interventions to reduce sexual coercion may be more successful if they target those high in risk-taking. Similarly, prevention efforts informed by research on how to engage and hold the attention of sensation seeking youth may be more successful.

Performance, power and condom use: reconceptualised masculinities amongst Western male sex tourists to Thailand

Each year large numbers of Western men travel to Thailand for sex tourism. Although many will use condoms during their sexual encounters, others will not, potentially exposing themselves to the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Although sex tourism in Thailand has been well documented, the social drivers underpinning voluntary sexual risk-taking through the avoidance of condoms remain poorly understood. Engaging with R.W. Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and drawing on data collected from 1237 online discussion board posts and 14 face-to-face interviews, this study considers the ways in which understandings and performances of masculinities may inform the sexual risk-taking behaviours of Western male sex tourists. It argues that for some of these men, unprotected sex is viewed not as a reckless behaviour but, instead, as a safe and appropriate masculine practice, supported by relationships that are often framed as romantic and within a setting where HIV is still largely considered a homosexual disease. With sex workers often disempowered to request safer sexual practices, and some men’s attitudes towards unprotected sex resistant to external health promotion advice, the paper concludes by considering what this might mean for policy and practice.

Reckless Self-Destructive Behavior in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

DSM-5 recognizes reckless and self-destructive behavior (RSDB) as a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To examine how RSDB affects the

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of refugees: a network analysis

ABSTRACTBackground: Network analysis is an emerging methodology for investigating psychopathological symptoms. Given the unprecedented number of refugees and the increased prevalence of mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population, new methodologies that help us better to understand psychopathology in refugees are crucial.Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the network structure and centrality indices of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in a cross-sectional clinical sample of 151 severely traumatized refugees with and without a formal PTSD diagnosis.Method: The R-packages qgraph and bootnet were used to estimate the structure of a PTSD symptom network and its centrality indices. In addition, robustness and significance analyses for the edges weights and the order of centrality were performed.Results: Three pairs of symptoms showed significantly stronger connections than at least half of the other connections: hypervigilance and exaggerated startle response, intrusion and difficulties falling asleep, and irritability or outbursts of anger and self-destructive or reckless behaviour. Emotional cue reactivity had the highest centrality and trauma-related amnesia the lowest.Conclusion: Although only 51.0% of participants fulfilled criteria for a probable PTSD diagnosis, emotional cue reactivity showed the highest centrality, emphasizing the importance of emotional trauma reminders in severely traumatized refugees attending an outpatient clinic. However, due to the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with care.

Reckless Self-Destructive Behavior and PTSD in Veterans: The Mediating Role of New Adverse Events.

The addition of self-destructive and reckless behavior as a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5 has stimulated renewed interest in understanding relationships between these behaviors and trauma-related psychopathology. This study examined the relationship between reckless and self-destructive behaviors (RSDB), intervening exposure to new adverse events, and later PTSD severity in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. At baseline, participants were assessed for RSDB (past 5 years) and current PTSD severity (N = 222). PTSD severity was then reassessed approximately 4 years later (N = 148). Overall, RSDB were reported by 74.4% of the sample, with 61.3% engaging in multiple forms of RSDB. The most commonly endorsed behaviors included alcohol/drug abuse (42.8%), driving while intoxicated (29.4%), gambling (24.7%), and aggression (23.1%). There was a positive correlation between RSDB and PTSD severity at both the baseline (r = .16, p = .031) and follow-up assessment (r = .24, p = .005). Path models indicated that exposure to new adverse events fully mediated the effect of Time 1 RSDB on PTSD symptoms at Time 2 (indirect association: β = .05, p = .046). Results suggest that RSDB are common among trauma-exposed veterans and may perpetuate PTSD symptoms by increasing exposure to new adverse events.

Palmitoylethanolamide Reduces Neuropsychiatric Behaviors by Restoring Cortical Electrophysiological Activity in a Mouse Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major public health problem, which is associated with neurological dysfunction. In severe or moderate cases of TBI, in addition to its high mortality rate, subjects may encounter diverse behavioral dysfunctions. Previous reports suggest that an association between TBI and chronic pain syndromes tends to be more common in patients with mild forms of brain injury. Despite causing minimal brain damage, mild TBI (mTBI) often leads to persistent psychologically debilitating symptoms, which can include anxiety, various forms of memory and learning deficits, and depression. At present, no effective treatment options are available for these symptoms, and little is known about the complex cellular activity affecting neuronal activity that occurs in response to TBI during its late phase. Here, we used a mouse model to investigate the effect of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on both the sensorial and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions associated with mTBI through behavioral, electrophysiological, and biomolecular approaches. Fourteen-day mTBI mice developed anxious, aggressive, and reckless behavior, whilst depressive-like behavior and impaired social interactions were observed from the 60th day onward. Altered behavior was associated with changes in interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) expression levels and neuronal firing activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Compared with vehicle, PEA restored the behavioral phenotype and partially normalized the biochemical and functional changes occurring at the supraspinal level. In conclusion, our findings reveal some of the supraspinal modifications responsible for the behavioral alterations associated with mTBI and suggest PEA as a pharmacological tool to ameliorate neurological dysfunction induced by the trauma.

Grit by Gillian French

Reviewed by: Grit by Gillian French Kate Quealy-Gainer French, Gillian Grit. HarperTeen/HarperCollins, 2017 [304p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-06-264255-4 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-06-264257-8 $9.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 9-12 Seventeen-year-old Darcy works hard raking blueberries at the local farm during the week, parties even harder on the weekends in her small working class town, and fiercely protects her sensitive cousin Nell from those that would deem her "slow" or incapable. Darcy's tough enough to not let the rumors that she's an easy lay get to her, but a secret that she's keeping for Nell is becoming more and more tangled up with Darcy's own dark memories, and the burden is quickly driving her to further reckless behavior and self destruction. French paints a realistic picture of a town down on its luck, with little opportunity to offer its young people, and the unspoken desperation that lies under Darcy's behavior is undoubtedly linked to her desire to escape a place she sees as inescapable. Darcy narrates with her cards close to her chest, revealing her past in fits and starts. Her love for Nell comes through loud and clear, but her feelings for anyone else are murky at best; her crush on Jesse, for example, is complicated, and rightfully so, by his friendship with Shea, the boy [End Page 410] who sexually assaulted her last summer. The connection between a missing girl and Nell's romantic involvement with a teacher is a little bit shaky in its development, but it underlines the idea that the odds are stacked mighty high against teen girls trying to find agency in their sexual experiences. Much like Summer's All the Rage (BCCB 7/15) and Smith's The Way I Used to Be (BCCB 4/16), this explores the damage of a culture that sees women only in regards to their sexual history and not who they are. Copyright © 2017 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

What Influences Information Security Behavior? A Study with Brazilian Users

The popularization of software to mitigate Information Security threats can produce an exaggerated notion about its full effectiveness in the elimination of any threat. This situation can result reckless users behavior, increasing vulnerability. Based on behavioral theories, a theoretical model and hypotheses were developed to understand the extent to which human perception of threat, stress, control and disgruntlement can induce responsible behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was created and validated. The data were collected in Brazil, and complementary results regarding similar studies conducted in USA were found. The results show that there is influence of information security orientations provided by organizations in the perception about severity of the threat. The relationship between threat, effort, control and disgruntlement, and the responsible behavior towards information security was verified through linear regression. The contributions also involve relatively new concepts in the field and a new research instrument.