Water Recirculation Research Articles

Process simulation based life cycle assessment of cyanide-free refractory gold concentrate processing – Case study: Cupric chloride leaching

The development of cyanide-free gold leaching methods is becoming increasingly important due to the treatment of complex ores, where treatment by cyanidation is not economically viable. Cupric chloride leaching provides an alternative leaching process to replace cyanidation. A detailed simulation of refractory gold concentrate processing by cupric chloride leaching is presented in this study. The simulation with mass and energy balances was built to be used as life cycle inventory data to evaluate the environmental impacts of the development stage cupric chloride process. Three cases, the Base Case (125 g/L Cl-), Mild Case (50 g/L Cl-), and Extremely Mild Case (20 g/L Cl-), were investigated in two flowsheet options. Loss of gold to wash waters was observed in the Flowsheet 1 cases, and therefore Flowsheet 2, with the recirculation of wash water to solvent extraction, was developed and investigated in order to achieve higher gold recovery. The gold extraction improved from around 85% to 99%. Chemical consumption (NaCl, NaBr, CuCl2) was greatly affected by the leaching conditions, higher concentrations consuming more initial chemicals. In milder conditions, efficient recycling of chlorides could be obtained in the process, and no addition of NaCl was required. In the Extremely Mild Case, the chloride concentration was close to sea water conditions (20 g/L), where sea water could be used to provide chlorides for the process, and the effluent waters could be disposed of in the sea after purification. The global warming potential was estimated to be 12.5 t CO2-e/kg Au in chloride leaching and was further decreased to 10.6 t CO2-e/kg Au in the mildest conditions (20 g/L Cl-). The milder chloride leaching conditions (20 g/L Cl- and 50 g/L Cl-) were shown to decrease the acidification potential, eutrophication potential, and water depletion.

Growth, hematology, metabolism, and oxidative parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fed diets containing Lippia alba leaf

The dietary addition of Lippia alba essential oil has been studied in fish, showing excellent results against lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compounds present in the plant and the growth, hematology, metabolism, and oxidative parameters of silver catfish fed diets containing L. alba leaf. The experimental design was completely randomized with 500 silver catfish distributed in 5 treatments and 4 replicates in a water recirculation system. The treatments tested were: control (without leaf inclusion); 0.5; 1; 1.5 and 2% inclusion of L. alba leaf powder. All diets tested had the same composition matrix, containing 37.49% crude protein and 10.04% lipids. Leaf compounds have been found that may have great antioxidant capacity such as caffeic acid, verbascoside, and calceolarioside E. However, some compounds present in the leaf may cause damage to fish performance such as malic acid and quinic acid. Fish fed diets containing L. alba leaf presented lower growth and changes in hematological parameters compared to control fish. At the higher levels of L. alba leaf inclusion, undesirable metabolic changes occurred as increased plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, indicating liver damage. The presence of L. alba leaf in diets resulted in decreased muscle lipid peroxidation and increased the amount of non-protein thiols in the gills and muscle. This indicates that the plant leaves have antioxidant potential in fish. Therefore, at the tested levels, the addition of L. alba leaf powder in diets for juveniles of silver catfish is not recommended. Summary statementThis article is interesting because it assesses the inclusion of natural products in fish diets, resulting in improved health.

Irrigation return flow causing a nitrate hotspot and denitrification imprints in groundwater at Tinwald, New Zealand

Abstract. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater have been historically high (N≥11.3 mg L−1) in an area surrounding Tinwald, Ashburton, since at least the mid-1980s. The local community is interested in methods to remediate the high nitrate in groundwater. To do this, they need to know where the nitrate is coming from. Tinwald groundwater exhibits two features stemming from irrigation with local groundwater (i.e. irrigation return flow). The first feature is increased concentrations of nitrate (and other chemicals and stable isotopes) in a “hotspot” around Tinwald. The chemical concentrations of the groundwater are increased by recirculation of water already relatively high in chemicals. The irrigation return flow coefficient C (irrigation return flow divided by irrigation flow) is found to be consistent with the chemical enrichments. The stable isotopes of the groundwater show a similar pattern of enrichment by irrigation return flow of up to 40 % and are also enriched by evaporation (causing a loss of about 5 % of the original water mass). Management implications are that irrigation return flow needs to be taken into account in modelling of nitrate transport through soil–groundwater systems and in avoiding overuse of nitrate fertiliser leading to greater leaching of nitrate to the groundwater and unnecessary economic cost. The second feature is the presence of “denitrification imprints” (shown by enrichment of the δ15N and δ18ONO3 values of nitrate) in even relatively oxic groundwaters. The denitrification imprints can be clearly seen because (apart from denitrification) the nitrate has a blended isotopic composition due to irrigation return flow and N being retained in the soil–plant system as organic N. The nitrate concentration and isotopic compositions of nitrate are found to be correlated with the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. This denitrification imprint is attributed to localised denitrification in fine pores or small-scale physical heterogeneity where conditions are reducing. The implication is that denitrification could be occurring where it is not expected because groundwater DO concentrations are not low.

Diseño e integración de un sistema modular para producción de hortalizas, peces y aves de corral, autosustentable

Today, Mexico is facing a crisis over scarcity and the consequent rise in commodity prices. This situation is expected to continue, because the area available for cultivation, livestock and fishing is reaching its limit, while the population and its food needs are increasing. The proposed system presents an alternative in the production of food for self-consumption in rural and urban areas, consisting of three levels for fish rearing, poultry and vegetable production, and incorporates technology to control its development. The proposed prototype envisages a structural part that supports three modules. The first module is intended for the rearing of fish with a system of filtration and recirculation of water. The second module is intended for the cultivation of vegetables, with a system for the control of the necessary nutrients of vegetables, and in turn, the wastes of plants serve as food to poultry. The third module is intended for poultry rearing, with a system that concentrates and treats waste, which serve as nutrients for vegetables.

Aprovechamiento sustentable del recurso hídrico mediante un sistema de captación de agua de lluvia y red de suministro

The current energy need allows new technologies and methods to be applied to meet the needs of a population to pollute as little as possible and make systems more efficient. This work presents the design and installation of a rainwater harvesting system in the Faculty of Engineering of the Autonomous University of Campeche and its use in a garden made up of a body of water and vegetable irrigation, including the implementation of renewable energy, demonstrating that sustainable technologies applied correctly can be in harmony with the environment. The water potential of a free fall is usable for the generation of clean electrical energy using a hydraulic micro-turbine, capable of supplying a submersible pump that allows the recirculation of water within the system. The project focuses on agriculture, aquaculture and hydraulics that link the sustainability that could be achieved thanks to the application of renewable technologies.

Design and development of a portable and streamlined nutrient film technique (NFT) aquaponic system

One pilot-scale portable Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) aquaponic system has been designed, developed, and tested at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar for a period of 90 days (October to December 2018) to study the efficiency of the new design. The experimental setup has three separate units, each consisting of four major components, such as Fibreglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) round fish culture tank (ø2.15 × 0.9 m) with operational capacity 2800 L, biofilter unit made up of Polypropylene (PP) of 100 L capacity, FRP rectangular hydroponics tank (4 × 0.9 × 0.35 m) having 2.64 m2 plantation area and High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) sump (ø0.6 × 0.7 m) of 200 L capacity. Implementation of custom designed and calibrated automatic water recirculation system gives an average flow rate of 94.7 L/h for continuous flow of nutrients from fish culture tank to hydroponics tank. The designed system harnesses gravity flow in 75 % of the cycle. For performance assessment, the system was initially stocked with 54 numbers of fish fry/m3 (153.7 g/m3) of pangas (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in culture tank and 27 marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants/m2 in hydroponics tank. Length and weight gain of fish were by 77.04 % and 397.2 % from initial, respectively, and marigold plant harvested 107 number of flowers/m2. The Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen (TAN) reduction in biofilter was found to be 61.97 %.

Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from aeroponic lettuce cultivation in Greece

Soilless agricultural techniques such as aeroponics are considered innovative agricultural strategies that can help to mitigate global warming. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions from aeroponic lettuce cultivation in an automatic greenhouse in Greece utilizing the life cycle assessment methodology. Three aeroponic cultivations of lettuce were grown at different times of the year. The field inventory data collected during cultivation included the consumption of water, nutrients, and energy in the form of electricity. The results indicated that the greenhouse gas emissions ranged between 2.17 and 3.55 kg CO2 eq. per kg of lettuce produced. The cultivation performed during winter required more materials and energy for growth than the other cultivations and had the highest carbon footprint (3.55 kg CO2 eq. per kg of lettuce produced). Compared with the results from studies of lettuce cultivation in soil, the CO2 eq. emissions per kg of lettuce in the present work were higher. However, the emissions generated by aeroponic cultivation were comparable to or even lower than those from cultivation methods that require the recirculation of water and/or nutrients using equipment that runs on electricity. It seems that energy is the price that society has to pay if soil is to be replaced as a key natural resource for the production of food.

Assessment of a pilot solar V-trough reactor for solar water disinfection

Rural and isolated communities of low-income countries suffer the lack of access to safe drinking water. Harvested rainwater (HRW) is becoming an alternative source of freshwater in many areas of the world. Nevertheless, its quality usually doesn’t meet drinking water standards, posing a health risk for human consumption. Solar water disinfection – SODIS – is a low-cost household intervention used to disinfect water. In this work, we investigate a new solar photoreactor based on V-trough mirrors as alternative to the most used Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) geometry at pilot scale (54 and 32 L per batch), with the aim of reducing costs and reactor surface’s footprint. An experimental assessment of two key parameters as water recirculation and mirror geometry was carried out. For this study several water-pathogens commonly found in HRW were used, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Best results were obtained with the V-trough reactor in static condition, where>5-LRV (log-reduction value) for all bacteria tested were reached with a solar-UVA dose of 254 kJ m−2 (90 min). At this operational condition, a total volume of 162 L (3 batches) of water were treated in one full sunny day in Spain (300 min of effective treatment time). A comparison between CPC and V-trough mirrors resulted in similar disinfection efficiencies even if the actinometric results showed that CPC collects 1.58 times more photon flux than the V-trough in the solar-UVA region. These results show the great performance of the V-trough mirror for this application, which is cheaper to produce than CPC and permits treating higher amounts (66% more) of water for the same collector area and same treatment time.

Study of the Effect of Activated Carbon Cathode Configuration on the Performance of a Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell

In this paper, the effect of cathode configuration on the performance of a membrane-less microbial fuel cell (MFC) was evaluated using three different arrangements: an activated carbon bed exposed to air (MFCE), a wetland immersed in an activated carbon bed (MFCW) and a cathode connected to an aeration tower featuring a water recirculation device (MFCT). To evaluate the MFC performance, the efficiency of the organic matter removal, the generated voltage, the power density and the internal resistance of the systems were properly assessed. The experimental results showed that while the COD removal efficiency was in all cases over 60% (after 40 days), the MFCT arrangement showed the best performance since the average removal value was 82%, compared to close to 70% for MFCE and MFCW. Statistical analysis of the COD removal efficiency confirmed that the performance of MCFT is substantially better than that of MFCE and MFCW. In regard to the other parameters surveyed, no significant influence of the different cathode arrangements explored could be found.

Model-assisted analysis of the peach pedicel-fruit system suggests regulation of sugar uptake and a water-saving strategy.

We develop a model based on the biophysical representation of water and sugar flows between the pedicel, fruit xylem and phloem, and the fruit apoplast and symplast in order to identify diurnal patterns of transport in the pedicel-fruit system of peach. The model predicts that during the night water is mainly imported to the fruit through the xylem, and that fruit phloem-xylem transfer of water allows sugar concentrations in the phloem to be higher in the fruit than in the pedicel. This results in relatively high sugar transport to the fruit apoplast, leading to relatively high sugar uptake by the fruit symplast despite low sugar concentrations in the pedicel. At midday, the model predicts a xylem backflow of water driven by a lower pressure potential in the xylem than in the fruit apoplast. In addition, fruit xylem-to-phloem transfer of water decreases the fruit phloem sugar concentration, resulting in moderate sugar uptake by the fruit symplast, despite the high sugar concentration in the pedicel. Globally, the predicted fruit xylem-phloem water transfers buffer the sugar concentrations in the fruit phloem and apoplast, leading to a diurnally regulated uptake of sugar. A possible fruit xylem-to-apoplast recirculation of water through the fruit phloem reduces water lost by xylem backflow at midday.

The Educational Experiment Xenogriss: Growth and Regeneration of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles on the ISS

The Italian Space Agency, within the frame of the mission “Beyond” has promoted the "YiSS—Youth ISS Science" competition, to involve secondary school students in the process of conception and execution of a space experiment. The XENOGRISS experiment was selected by the Italian Space Agency to fly onboard the ISS. The project foresees an active involvement of students into a multi-disciplinary activity aimed at studying the effect of microgravity on growth and regeneration processes, using an animal model (Xenopus laevis) that allows both processes to be observed simultaneously. The project involves the preparation of a Xenopus laevis tadpole culture within a Xenopus Experiment Unit (XEU). The XEU has been integrated into a powered metallic sealed container called Biokon. The activation on the ISS ensured the feeding of the tadpoles, the recirculation of water and the acquisition of images. The control electronics, including the acquisition system, was designed and realized by the students under teacher supervision in collaboration with engineers from Kayser Italia. The integration process of the experiment onboard the ISS was provided by the UTISS Team (Argotec/Telespazio) that supported safety evaluation, requirements verification, payload manifesting, delivery, operations and recovery. The facility has been launched with Space-X CRS-19 and recovered after 30 days. The information derived from this experiment will help to understand the mechanisms underlying the effect of microgravity upon the processes of growth, repair and regeneration of tissues. A better knowledge of these processes is important in defining protocols for the management of traumatic injuries, wounds and chronic ulcers both in Space and on Earth.

Optimizing the Environmental Profile of Fresh-Cut Produce: Life Cycle Assessment of Novel Decontamination and Sanitation Techniques

Fresh-cut vegetables, namely those that undergo processes such as washing, sorting, or chopping while keeping their fresh state, constitute an important market element nowadays. Among those operations, the washing step becomes really important due both to the extensive use of water resources and to the utilization of controversial water sanitizing agents, such as chlorine. To ideally eliminate those chlorinated compounds while decreasing water consumption, four novel filtrating technologies (pulsed corona discharge combined with nanofiltration, NF-PCD; classical ultrafiltration, UF; nanofiltration membranes integrating silver nanoparticles, NF-AgNP; and microfiltration with cellulose acetate membranes containing chitin nanocrystals, ChCA) have been proposed to eliminate any contaminating agent in recirculated water. Here, we performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental effects of introducing these new solutions and to compare those impacts with the burden derived from the current strategy. The novel technologies showed a decreased environmental burden, mainly due to the enhanced water recirculation and the subsequent decrease in energy consumption for pumping and cooling the water stream. The environmental gain would be maintained even if a certain amount of chlorine was still needed. This analysis could serve as an aid to decision-making while evaluating the introduction of new sanitizing techniques.

Hydraulic modeling and computational fluid dynamics of bone burial in a sandy river channel

An oval recycling flume with live-beds (moveable) of medium and very coarse grained sands were used to explore the process of bone burial as a precursor to fossilization. Two-dimentional computation fluid dynamics was used to visualize and interpret the flow turbulence around bones. Results show that a water mass approaching and passing a static bone (obstruction) is subjected to flow modification by flow separation, flow constriction, and flow acceleration producing complex flow patterns (turbulence). These complex patterns include an upstream high-pressure zone, down flows, and vortices (with flow reversal near the bed) causing bed shear stress that produce bed erosion. Downstream of the bone, the water mass undergoes flow deceleration, water recirculation (turbulence eddies), flow reattachment, low-pressure zone (drag), and sediment deposition. Scour plays a crucial role by undercutting bone on the upstream side and may cause the bone to settle into the bed by rotation or sliding. Scour geometry is determined by bone size and shape, approaching flow velocity and angle to flow, flow depth, bed topography, and bed friction. Drag on the downstream side of the bone causes scoured sediment deposition, but burial by migrating bed forms is the most important method of large bone burial. Bone may be repeatedly buried and exposed with renewed scour. However, each episode of scour may lower the bone deeper into the bed so that it essentially buries itself. No difference in these effects were noted between experiments using fine or coarse grain sizes. This experimental work is then used to interpret the possible history of bone burial in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation on the bone wall inside the Quarry Exhibit Hall at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah.

Assessment of the effects of process water recirculation on the surface chemistry and morphology of hydrochar

The effect of two process water (PW) recirculation strategies after hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of brewers spent grains (BSG) is evaluated with the focus on the hydrochar characteristics. The HTC process has been carried out under different operating conditions, which are residence time between 2 and 4 h and temperature in the range of 200–220 °C. The composition of the hydrochars reveals that operating conditions have a more significant effect than PW recirculation. The composition of the liquid produced by HTC with PW recirculation is essentially controlled by the operating temperature, for instance, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the PW changes in the narrow range of 200–220 °C. A detailed analysis of PW also has been done. The main components of the liquid phase are lactic, formic, acetic, levulinic, and propionic acid as well as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, that affect the surface structure of the hydrochars.

The impact of thermal power stations on coastline and benthic fauna: Case study of El-Burullus power plant in Egypt

Similar to all the coastal power plants, El-Burullus power plant requires significant amounts of seawater for cooling purposes, where the withdrawn water (6.6 ​m3/Sec) from the Mediterranean Sea circulates through the cooling system and then returns to Sea via the outfall (5.5-m3/Sec). The cooling water has a high temperature and salinity from ambient water at the outfall. The effluents discharge from power plants cause impacts that require investigation or monitoring. Thence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of thermal power plant’s cooling liquid and their structures (intake and outfall) on benthic fauna off the coast of the power plant and the efficiency of the power station, besides the shoreline stability alongshore the west coast of El-Burullus city, Egypt. The study was carried out by numerical modeling and field measurements; the Delft3D-FLOW model is used to examine the thermal and brine plume behavior under various hydrodynamic. The shoreline stability was estimated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) depending on a time series of shoreline vector data for nine years (2010–2018). Results manifested that the location of the intake pipe head is enough further away from the discharge point to allow for mixing the thermal effluents with the ambient seawater at the outfall and reducing their temperature and salinity before reaching the intake. So, the cooling water recirculation doesn’t affect the operational efficiency of the power plant. El-Burullus station hasn’t any effects on the benthic life organisms which grow far from the outfall site but has negative effects on those lived close to the discharge zone. Also, the morphological results of shoreline revealed that the power plant has slightly negative effects on the stability of the coastline. However, notable erosion occurred on the downdrift side of the outfall (−5.5 ​m/yr), and an accretion occurred on its updraft (9 ​m/yr). As a mitigation, it is recommended to compensate shore eroding at the downdrift side by applying sand bypassing technique.

The water-energy-climate nexus concept of “Hydrobattery”: Storing excess Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) at the Canyon Ferry Dam

Hydropower is the renewable energy with the highest power production worldwide. At the same time the output flow of the water that is being used for hydroelectric power production can fluctuate significantly. The ability to “recharge” the dams with water from excess variable renewable energy technologies (VRE) can be used for storage and as a buffer for smoothing the production peaks of VRE. This study presented the idea of the “Hydrobattery” scheme which combines the concepts of “open-loop” and “closed-loop” pumped storage technologies along with the concept of energy storage and water recirculation. The Canyon Ferry Dam was used as a case study and water was modelled to be recirculating back to the Dam from the Helena Valley reservoir. The hydropower production from the Canyon Ferry Dam is below the nominal value of 50 MW and has fluctuated from 34.74 MW up to 41.46 MW for the period between 2014 and 2018. The application of “Hydrobattery” would be able to increase the power output by 2.39–3.39 MW of additional power, and an increase of power production between 5.7% and 9.7%. Also, the concept of “Hydrobattery” can be used as a potential water management system for connected water reservoirs.

Energy storage system with flat plate solar collector and water-ZnO nanofluid

Thermal storage system with flat plate solar collector is performed in Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt, at Latitude of 30.56° N and Longitude of 31.01° E. The thermal storage system consists of insulated water tank, recirculation pump and flat plate solar collector to collect the solar energy and store it as a sensible energy. The measurements have been conducted from August 2015 to August 2016. The results showed that, the storage tank temperature is attained to about 80 °C in summer and 55 °C in winter. The average stored energy is attained maximum to 16.11 MJ/day in summer, and minimum to 10.26 MJ/day in autumn. The average yearly stored energy reached about 13.69 MJ/day. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles with average diameter of 23 nm have been added to the tap water to produce the nanofluid with volume fractions of 0.05% and 0.1%. The stored energy is increased by 3.36% and 7.78% for volume fraction of 0.05% and 0.1%. Also the daily efficiency is increased by 4.81% and 6.57%, for volume fraction of 0.05% and 0.1% compared to the previous state without nanoparticles.

Automatic Dissolved Oxygen Control to Oreochromis Fish’s Crop into Geomembrane Tank

Huila is a Colombian state with a high production of Oreochromis fish, its contribution to national production is of 53%, that is distributed in 338 hectares of ponds on land and floating cages. The environmental and climatic characteristics of the region allow having dissolved oxygen production in the ponds between 4ppm and 12ppm during the day, but at night the situation is unfavorable, since the amount of dissolved oxygen can decrease up to 1ppm while carbon dioxide increases. Therefore, it is necessary to have adequate oxygenation equipment and systems to prevent delayed in fish growth and to decrease death rates. This article presents the design and implementation of an automatic dissolved oxygen control system by manipulation of a water recirculation flow that operates in parallel with an industrial oxygen generator. The implemented system tracks and records the temperature and oxygen variables present in the geomembrane tank to evaluate the process evolution for different periods of the fish development cycle. The data was acquired using an Atlas Scientific dissolved oxygen sensor kit and a DS18B20 temperature probe they send the data directly to a Raspberry Pi that transmits by wireless the information collected from the process to the SISCEFA web server and a mobile application through which users can observe the data traceability. The dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained within the threshold established and the fish rate death decrease.

Phytoremediation of nutrients from water by aquatic floating duckweed (Lemna minor) in rearing of African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) fingerlings

Abstract Water treatment, reuse, and reducing the nutrients loading to the aquatic environments are key ways to achieve sustainable aquaculture. The usage of aquatic plants is an effective and environment-friendly method for water treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient removal efficiency of aquatic plant Lemna minor by static test and flow test using a water recirculation system for rearing of African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) fingerlings during 7 and 30 days, respectively. The growth performance of fish and water quality parameters were compared between the L. minor and control groups in triplicate. The results of static test showed that L. minor removed the total nitrogen ammonia (TAN) and total phosphorus (TP) by 43.7% and 52.38% after 48 h and 7 days, respectively. The results of flow test revealed that the survival rate (%) and growth performance including final weight, final length, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR%), body weight increase (BWI%) and daily growth index (DGI) of fish cultured in a water recirculation system containing L. minor as a biofilter were significantly higher than the control (P 3 − ) concentration increased to the maximum level on day 20 and then it decreased significantly on day 30 in the L. minor treatment (P

Influence of the Water Nature on the Two-phase Flow in an Air-lift Column

The aim of this study is to determine the phase indicator functions of a two-phase flow in an air-lift vacuum column. The outcome of this study is to master the hydrodynamics in a vertical column when determining the size, the velocities of the bubbles and the void rate then the gas-liquid interphase. The functions are the vacuum rate, the interface speed and bubble size, the flow rate and the speed of the liquid phase. The vacuum lift air column that is the subject of this study is based on the principle of air lift and flotation, all under vacuum. In its operation, the column combines hydraulic pumping, solute transfer and particle phase separation functions, which has the particularity of minimizing energy costs. The process of air-lift columns under the vacuum is still at the development stage and the experimental study of its hydrodynamics is one of the determining axes in the course of the exploration with a assessment to optimizing its design and functioning. The experiments were carried out on a vertical column composed of two concentric plexiglas tubes connected to a water recirculation tank and to a vacuum pump. For all experiments performed, demineralized water and salt water are used and the flow rate is measured using a flow meter. The experimental analysis is done using two-phase instrumentation consisting of a bi-probe and the use of experimental techniques has enabled a better understanding of the hydrodynamics of the two-phase flow.