Reciprocal Relation Research Articles

Family cohesion and the relations among peer victimization and depression: A random intercepts cross-lagged model.

The relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms is complex, requiring the use of methodologically rigorous designs to examine these relations and potential mediating factors. The current study used a random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to investigate both between-person and within-person associations in peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and family cohesion across five waves in a sample of adolescents (N = 801, ages 13-15 years at recruitment) in the Northeast. We also investigated the moderating effects of sex and victimization status (i.e., bullying victimization vs. peer victimization). Overall, findings revealed a reciprocal relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms for females, but no relation for males. A reciprocal relation between peer victimization and family cohesion was found for males. No significant differences were found by victimization status. Future research on peer victimization and associated outcomes and the role of family should account for both between-person and within-person variance.

PENENTUAN JENIS FUNGSI BASIS RADIAL DALAM DUAL RECIPROCITY BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

Problems involving modified Helmholtz equation are considered in this paper. To solve the problem numerically, dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) is employed. Some stage have been passed, using reciprocal relation to approximate boundary integral and domain integral in modified Helmholtz equation . Until, linear equation system are obtained in matrix form. MATLAB is used to calculate the solutions of Solutions of are compared between the exact solution and the numerical solution of modified Helmholtz equation. The numerical results are based on the using of three types of radial basis function to approximate domain integral, such as polinomial, poliharmonik spline and linear types. The solutions show that the polinomial and poliharmonik spline types are more stable and approach to exact solution than linear types.

Brain dynamics: Synchronous peaks, functional connectivity, and its temporal variability.

We describe advances in the understanding of brain dynamics that are important for understanding the operation of the cerebral cortex in health and disease. Peaks in the resting state fMRI BOLD signal in many different brain areas can become synchronized. In data from 1,017 participants from the Human Connectome Project, we show that early visual and connected areas have the highest probability of synchronized peaks. We show that these cortical areas also have low temporal variability of their functional connectivity. We show that there is an approximately reciprocal relation between the probability that a brain region will be involved in synchronized peaks and the temporal variability of the connectivity of a brain region. We show that a high probability of synchronized peaks and a low temporal variability of the connectivity of cortical areas are related to high mean functional connectivity, and provide an account of how these dynamics with some of the properties of avalanches arise. These discoveries help to advance our understanding of cortical operation in health, and in some mental disorders including schizophrenia.

Reevaluating the Alliance-Outcome Relationship in the Early Sessions of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Depression.

The therapeutic alliance has been reliably associated with outcome across psychotherapies. We investigated the alliance-outcome relationship in the early sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy of depression using a model that disaggregates within- and between-person variance while estimating the reciprocal relation between variables. We utilized this model in a combined dataset from two studies totaling 191 patients. In our primary model, we found evidence for a predictive within-patient relationship between alliance and symptoms such that symptoms predicted regressed change in alliance and alliance predicted regressed change in symptoms. In a more conservative detrended model, these relationships were not significant. Given that a) most of the variability in alliance scores is between-patient; b) the size of the alliance-outcome relationship is modest; and c) the alliance-outcome relationship is not robust to detrending, our findings suggest the alliance plays at most a small role in improving patient outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy of depression.

Sustainable Buildings in Sustainable Cities: A Reciprocal Relation

It appears that each discipline views cities differently, through different perspectives, abstractions and metaphors [...]

Non-unitary quantum electronics: Novel functions from the edge of the quantum world

Novel categories of electronic devices and quantum materials are obtained by pipelining the unitary evolution of electron quantum states as described by Schrödinger’s equation with non-unitary processes that interrupt the coherent propagation of electrons. These devices and materials reside in the fascinating transition regime between quantum mechanics and classical physics. The devices are designed such that a nonreciprocal unitary state evolution, achieved by means of a broken inversion symmetry, is interrupted by individual inelastic scattering events caused by defects coupled to an environment. Two-terminal non-unitary quantum devices, for example, feature nonreciprocal conductance in linear response. Thus, they are exemptions to Onsager’s reciprocal relation, and they challenge the second law of thermodynamics. Furthermore, materials and metamaterials featuring such functionalities may be realized by embedding such nanostructures into their unit cells.

Cross-Country Perspective on Reverse Pathway Dynamics Between Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to examine the reverse pathway dynamics between teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction from a cross-country perspective. By recognizing the sparseness of empirical studies on the reciprocal relation between self-referent assessment of capabilities and job satisfaction, a model of reciprocal determinism between teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction is proposed. The data of 51,782 primary school teachers were analyzed using a non-recursive causal reciprocal structural equation system within the overarching framework of structural equation modeling. The results indicated that teachers’ self-efficacy was reciprocally related to job satisfaction at the individuals’ level. Despite this finding, feedback effects were identified only across seven education systems. Further, it was shown via multigroup structural equation modeling that organizational culture (i.e., education systems) by proxy of the countries was moderating the structural relations among the recursive and non-recursive effects of the model. These findings underscore the importance of self-efficacy in promoting job satisfaction and indicate that more satisfied teachers are characterized also by greater teaching self-efficacy. The results are discussed within the scope of better understanding the relations between these two focal constructs for educational practice.

Urbanization and economic complexity

Urbanization plays a crucial role in the economic development of every country. The mutual relationship between the urbanization of any country and its economic productive structure is far from being understood. We analyzed the historical evolution of product exports for all countries using the World Trade Web with respect to patterns of urbanization from 1995 to 2010. Using the evolving framework of economic complexity, we reveal that a country’s economic development in terms of its production and export of goods, is interwoven with the urbanization process during the early stages of its economic development and growth. Meanwhile in urbanized countries, the reciprocal relation between economic growth and urbanization fades away with respect to its later stages, becoming negligible for countries highly dependent on the export of resources where urbanization is not linked to any structural economic transformation.

On the stress concentration factor of circular/elliptic hole and rigid inclusion under the remote anti-plane shear by using degenerate kernels

The stress concentration factor (SCF) along the boundary of a hole and a rigid inclusion in an infinite isotropic solid under the anti-plane shear is revisited by using degenerate kernels in the boundary integral equation (BIE) although this result was obtained by invoking the extended circle theorem of Milne-Thomson as well as the complex variable approach. The degenerate kernel of series form for the closed-form fundamental solution is used for the circle and the ellipse in terms of polar and elliptic coordinates, respectively. The slender ratio of the ellipse and the orientation are two parameters for our study. The strain energy density along the boundary is increased or decreased due to the different types of loading and various aspect ratios of the ellipse. An analytical solution for the SCF is then derived for any orientation of the ellipse relative to the applied load. The reciprocal relation for the SCF between a hole and a rigid inclusion with respect to different loading is also addressed. Besides, this analytical derivation can clearly show the appearing mechanism why the BEM/BIEM suffers the degenerate scale in the rigid inclusion.

Reciprocal relation between reporter gene transcription and translation efficiency in fission yeast

The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is an excellent model for basic research but is not useful for commercial scale protein expression due to lack of strong expression vectors. Earlier, we showed that the lsd90 promoter elicited significantly greater GFP expression level than the adh1 and nmt1 promoters, albeit in different vector backbones. Here, we have systematically investigated the contribution of selectable markers, LEU2 and URA3m to GFP expression: while LEU2 elicited very low expression, the URA3m gene, with truncated promoter, elicited much greater GFP expression level with all promoters. Paradoxically, an inverse correlation was observed between the GFP transcription and translation efficiency. This system can be useful for understanding the factors governing recombinant gene expression and optimization of protein production.

Revisiting relativistic magnetohydrodynamics from quantum electrodynamics

We provide a statistical mechanical derivation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics on the basis of (3 + 1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics; the system endowed with a magnetic one-form symmetry. The conservation laws and constitutive relations are presented in a manifestly covariant way with respect to the general coordinate transformation. The method of the local Gibbs ensemble (or nonequilibrium statistical operator) combined with the path-integral formula for a thermodynamic functional enables us to obtain exact forms of constitutive relations. Applying the derivative expansion to exact formulas, we derive the first-order constitutive relations for nonlinear relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. Our results for the QED plasma preserving parity and charge-conjugation symmetries are equipped with two electrical resistivities and five (three bulk and two shear) viscosities. We also show that those transport coefficients satisfy the Onsager’s reciprocal relation and a set of inequalities, indicating semi-positivity of the entropy production rate consistent with the local second law of thermodynamics.

Faxén formulas for particles of arbitrary shape and material composition

Abstract

Reversible reciprocal relation of thermoelectricity.

The first Kelvin relation, which states the Peltier coefficient should be equal to the product of temperature and Seebeck coefficient, is a fundamental principle in thermoelectricity. It has been regarded as an important application and direct experimental verification of the Onsager reciprocal relation (ORR) that is a cornerstone of irreversible thermodynamics. However, some critical questions still remain: (a) why Kelvin's proof-which omits all irreversibility within a thermoelectric transport process-can reach the correct result, (b) how to properly select the generalized-force-flux pairs for deriving the first Kelvin relation from the ORR, and (c) whether the first Kelvin relation is restricted by the requirement of the linear transport regime. The aim of the present work is to answer these questions based on the fundamental thermodynamic principles. Since the thermoelectric effects are reversible, we can redefine the Seebeck and Peltier coefficients using the quantities in reversible processes with no time derivative involved; these are renamed "reversible Seebeck and Peltier coefficients." The relation between them (called "the reversible reciprocal relation of thermoelectricity") is derived from the Maxwell relations, which can be reduced to the conventional Kelvin relation, when the local equilibrium assumption (LEA) is adopted. In this sense, the validity of the first Kelvin relation is guaranteed by the reversible thermodynamic principles and the LEA, without the requirement of the linear transport process. Additionally, the generalized force-flux pairs to obtain the first Kelvin relation from the ORR can be proper both mathematically and thermodynamically, only when they correspond to the conjugate-variable pairs of which Maxwell relations can yield the reversible reciprocal relation. The present theoretical framework can be further extended to other coupled phenomena.

Pilgrim Friending and the Place of Peace

William Clough and Mark Ellingsen both explore the goods, harms, and challenges brought by a new powerful digital social media. Clough uses perspectives from social sciences, ethics, and Biblical theology--self and society in reciprocal relation through language, art, institution, and God’s friending Word. He urges caution, applying universal ethics centered in love of God and neighbor, and respect for facts and science. Ellingsen applies brain sciences to explain social media downsides and encourage a balance of good habits and activities. This essay relates their contributions to human subjective, moral, interpersonal, communal, and religious experience and traditions. Protection in a place of peace amid social media may be fostered by realizing aspects of human life and nature unseen through the optics of modern sciences, in “pilgrim friending” toward virtues such as forgiveness, chastity, humility, and diligence, trusting and following God’s Holy friending received through nature, solitude, prayer, Scripture, and a covenant community.

A Reciprocal Relation: How Taliban and the World See Each Other

A Reciprocal Relation: How Taliban and the World See Each Other

Cosmopolitanism Without National Consciousness is not Radical

In this essay, I engage with the methodological contributions and original readings of Fanon and Rousseau contained in Jane Anna Gordon’s Creolizing Political Theory. I build upon one insight in particular––Gordon’s illuminating joint reading of Rousseau’s general will and Fanon’s national consciousness—in order to reflect on Fanon’s ambivalence about Pan-Africanism. In this task, I engage with W.E.B. Du Bois’s transnational thinking in order to parse out the tensions as well as the reciprocal relation between national consciousness and transnational or cosmopolitan engagements.

English

The paper discussed in this article particularly addressed the potentials to achieve demographic dividend (DD) of Bangladesh, importance of knowledge management, and implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also discussed the challenges in a general observation, not in-depth economic analysis, although some general statistics were cited. United Nations (UN) formulation SDGs, 2016–30 agenda was addressed to promote socio-economic development and environmental sustainability. Bangladesh has experience in achieving most of the targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs: 1990–2015), formulated by the UN for the same interest. As knowledge management for development issues is a vital ingredient and there is no way to ignore for any kind of development of its sharing and dissemination. Under this light, the paper tried to focus its importance and significance and ways of cultivation for sharing so that the communities concerned can take benefit. A reciprocal relation tried to highlight between knowledge management, SDGs, and DD. Finally some recommendations were formulated from the experience of achieving DD and SDGs. Knowledge management policy adaptation was also recommended for in-time decision-making process relating to those achievements. Information literacy was also addressed in brief.

Analysis and classification of companies on tehran stock exchange with incomplete information

Due to uncertainty and large number of companies in financial market, it has become difficult to choose the right stock to investments. Identifying and classifying stocks using fundamental criteria help investors to better understand the risks involved in selecting companies and better manage their own capital, thereby rapidly and accurately choose their preferred stock and make more secure profit. The main concern that capital market investors are facing difficulty to choosing the right stock despite the uncertainties in the market. Uncertainties in the market that lead to incomplete information are presented in this article to complete the reciprocal preference relation method. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for completing information to reduce the uncertainties in the market and finally classify companies in each industry based on fundamental criteria. The classification method used is acceptability/reject ability which is based on distance fuzzy analysis yields more accurate results. Finally, a case study on one of the most critical industries in Tehran Stock Exchange is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Thermo-osmosis in hydrophilic nanochannels: mechanism and size effect.

Understanding thermo-osmosis in nanoscale channels and pores is essential for both theoretical advances of thermally induced mass flow and a wide range of emerging industrial applications. We present a new mechanistic understanding and quantification of thermo-osmosis at nanometric/sub-nanometric length scales and link the outcomes with the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the phenomenon. The work is focused on thermo-osmosis of water in quartz slit nanochannels, which is analysed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of mechano-caloric and thermo-osmotic systems. We investigate the applicability of Onsager reciprocal relation, irreversible thermodynamics, and continuum fluid mechanics at the nanoscale. Further, we analyse the effects of channel size on the thermo-osmosis coefficient, and show, for the first time, that these arise from specific liquid structures dictated by the channel size. The mechanical conditions of the interfacial water under different temperatures are quantified using a continuum approach (pressure tensor distribution) and a discrete approach (body force per molecule) to elucidate the underlying mechanism of thermo-osmosis. The results show that the fluid molecules located in the boundary layers adjacent to the solid surfaces experience a driving force which generates the thermo-osmotic flow. While the findings provide a fundamental understanding of thermo-osmosis, the methods developed provide a route for analysis of the entire class of coupled heat and mass transport phenomena in nanoscale structures.

Optimization Modeling of nFe0/Cu-PRB Design for Cr(VI) Removal from Groundwater

Hexavalent chromium is one of the highly toxic heavy metals which could lead to severe health issues when it is discharged into aquifers as industrial wastewater. In the current study nFe0/Cu was successfully employed in PRB technology for Cr(VI) removal from groundwater. Batch and column experiments confirmed the high reactive performance of nFe0/Cu towards Cr(VI) removal by around 85% removal efficiency. The main pathways for Cr-species removal by nFe0/Cu were determined as the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by both nFe0 and Cu0 and the precipitation/co-precipitation of Cr(III) with the released iron oxides on the nFe0/Cu surface. The developed 3D-surface response optimization model confirmed the reciprocal relation between the residence time, barrier thickness and hydraulic conductivity. The interaction and sensitivity analysis between the model’s parameters were significantly crucial for defining the optimal design conditions of the nFe0/Cu-PRB. Generally, the current study could represent a great contribution in scaling-up the PRB technology towards the real field applications.