To observe the efficacy of Renal Failure Granule (RFG) in treating uremia and explore its mechanism. Piatt’s method was used to establish the chronic renal failure model. Forty-eight rats were divided into normal group, model group, Jiangzhuo recipe group, Fuzheng recipe group, RFG group and aldehyde-oxygen encapsulated starch group, 8 rats in each group, to observe the effects of RFG on serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma calcium (Ca), plasma phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), middle molecular substance (MMS), methylguanidine (MG), guanidino-succinic acid (GSA) and other parameters. Comparison of SCr and BUN changes after medication for 30 and 60 days, the RFG group, the Fuzheng recipe group and the Jiangzhuo recipe group, with the aldehyde-oxygen encapsulated starch group or model group, demonstrated that the difference was significant (P<0.05,P<0.01), For PTH, Ca, P, MMS, MG and GSA, RFG was clearly different with the model group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Jiangzhuo recipe and Fuzheng recipe group also were variously efficacious in above-mentioned parameters. RFG can retard the development of uremia, and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of uremic toxin.