BackgroundTP53 is a tumour suppressor gene mutated in almost 50% of human cancers which plays important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The chromosomal location of TP53 is 17p13, and the encoding of TP53 protein is essential in genomic stability and maintenance. Leukemia is a multifactorial genetic disorder caused by interactive effects of various risk factors like environmental as well as genetic factors. AimA single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at exon 4 on codon 72 of the TP53 gene encodes a transverse mutation of G to C change (Arg to Pro) are expressed differentially in malignant tumors, including leukemia. The polymorphism Pro72Arg shows functional variation, and its role is crucial in the pathophysiology of leukemia.The observed polymorphism is well established in the progression of cancer and is also investigated in leukemia. Subjects and methodsTo correlate the associations of TP53 gene and chronic leukemia using numerous parameters of statistics, a meta-analysis of 10 studies was conducted. ResultsIn our study, in the case of recessive comparison model the significant association observed in Pro72Arg polymorphism and low risks of chronic leukemia. In the recessive comparison model, a significant reduction in chronic leukemia risks was found in extracted data (PP vs PP + RP: odds ratio (ORs) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00 to 1.36, p = 0.049*), as well as in Asian sub-group (PP vs PP + RP: ORs = 0.268, 95% CI = 0.096 to 0.748, p = 0.012*) and Caucasian sub-group (PP vs PP + RP: ORs = 2.774, 95% CI = 1.020 to 7.543, p = 0.046*). ConclusionThe associated studies arranged are further organized by gene-gene and environment-gene interactions, which are crucial for validating correlation studies in other population.