Receptive Functions Research Articles

Receptive Functions at Childbearing Age, Perimenopause and Postmenopause

Introduction:Receptive functions represents higher mental processes by which people carry out normal daily living tasks. The specificity of these functions is that they stimulate specific physiological functions in the body. They are reflected in the ability to select, classify and integrate the information received.Material and Methods:We performed an assessment of visual-perceptual abilities by Purdue nonverbal test (PNT-TV) in 135 patients. Patients are classified into three age groups of 45 patients. The first group consisted of patients of childbearing age (25-39 years), second group of patients in perimenopausal age (40-54 years) and a third group of postmenopausal patients (≥55 years). Results:The distribution of the results are statistically different between groups, suggesting that at the onset of menopause there is a decrease of visual-perceptual abilities in patients (Friedman test was significant with p<0.001).Conclusion:By the distribution of the results of our study, and the statistical significance of Friedman’s, it can be concluded that patients who enter menopause have tendency to decrease of receptive functions.

RGBW LED 이용한 RBFNN 기반 감성조명 시스템 설계

In this paper, we introduce the LED emotional lighting system realized with the aid of both intelligent algorithm and RGB LED combined with White LED. Generally, the illumination is known as a design factor to form the living place that affects human"s emotion and action in the light- space as well as the purpose to light up the specific space. The LED emotional lighting system that can express emotional atmosphere as well as control the quantity of light is designed by using both RGB LED to form the emotional mood and W LED to get sufficient amount of light. RBFNNs is used as the intelligent algorithm and the network model designed with the aid of LED control parameters (viz. color coordinates (x and y) related to color temperature, and lux as inputs, RGBW current as output) plays an important role to build up the LED emotional lighting system for obtaining appropriate color space. Unlike conventional RBFNNs, Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering method is used to obtain the fitness values of the receptive function, and the connection weights of the consequence part of networks are expressed by polynomial functions. Also, the parameters of RBFNN model are optimized by using PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization). The proposed LED emotional lighting can save the energy by using the LED light source and improve the ability to work as well as to learn by making an adequate mood under diverse surrounding conditions.

The Beginnings, Means, and Ends of Interpretation in Yo también hablo de la rosa

This article explores how the formal dramatic structure of Emilio Carballido’s play conflates the dueling acts of artistic creation and critical interpretation. Whereas previous scholarship has primarily focused on the acts of interpretation that the play’s many characters carry out as they re-represent the actions of the protagonists that lead up to the climactic yet out-of-sequence train wreck, here the author examines why critics generall place the work’s first representation of these actions in a space of non-interpretation and the implications of subjecting that sequence of events to critical scrutiny. This analysis posits that interpretation here is not just a function of reception or re-telling; rather, it is embedded in the play’s structure, whose seeming transparency belies the web of manipulation that extends beneath its surface.

Vibration Transmission of a Cylindrical Shell with an Interior Rectangular Plate with the Receptance Method

Vibration transmission characteristics of a cylindrical shell with a rectangular plate are discussed in this paper by the substructure receptance method. The system is divided into two substructures: the plate and the shell. After finding the theoretical receptance function of each substructure, the coupling equation of the combined system is solved by considering the continuity conditions at the joint between the plate and the shell. The numerical results are compared with the experimental ones to show the validity of the formulation. After that, effects of the plate's parameters on vibration transmission characteristics are discussed. The parameter study shows that it is important to avoid impedance matching for the plate and the shell in the design of suitable structures with low vibration and noise radiation characteristics.

The receptive function of hypothalamic and brainstem centres to hormonal and nutrient signals affecting energy balance

The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the area postrema (AP) represent targets for hormonal and metabolic signals involved in energy homoeostasis, e.g. glucose, amylin, insulin, leptin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin. Orexigenic neuropeptide Y expressing ARC neurons are activated by food deprivation and inhibited by feeding in a nutrient-dependent manner. PYY and leptin also reverse or prevent fasting-induced activation of the ARC. Interestingly, hypothalamic responses to fasting are blunted in different models of obesity (e.g. diet-induced obesity (DIO) or late-onset obesity). The AP also responds to feeding-related signals. The pancreatic hormone amylin acts via the AP to control energy intake. Amylin-sensitive AP neurons are also glucose-responsive. Furthermore, diet-derived protein attenuates amylin responsiveness suggesting a modulation of AP sensitivity by macronutrient supply. This review gives an overview of the receptive function of the ARC and the AP to hormonal and nutritional stimuli involved in the control of energy balance and the possible implications in the context of obesity. Collectively, there is consistency between the neurophysiological actions of these stimuli and their effects on energy homoeostasis under experimental conditions. However, surprisingly little progress has been made in the development of effective pharmacological approaches against obesity. A promising way to improve effectiveness involves combination treatments (e.g. amylin/leptin agonists). Hormonal alterations (e.g. GLP-1 and PYY) are also considered to mediate body weight loss observed in obese patients receiving bariatric surgery. The effects of hormonal and nutritional signals and their interactions might hold the potential to develop poly-mechanistic therapeutic strategies against obesity.

Ultrasonic scanner for in vivo measurement of cancellous bone properties from backscattered data

A dedicated ultrasonic scanner for acquiring RF echoes backscattered from the trabecular bone was developed. The design of device is based on the goal of minimizing of custom electronics and computations executed solely on the main computer processor and the graphics card. The electronic encoder-digitizer module executing all of the transmission and reception functions is based on a single low-cost field programmable gate array (FPGA). The scanner is equipped with a mechanical sector-scan probe with a concave transducer with 50 mm focal length, center frequency of 1.5 MHz and 60% bandwidth at -6 dB. The example of femoral neck bone examination shows that the scanner can provide ultrasonic data from deeply located bones with the ultrasound penetrating the trabecular bone up to a depth of 20 mm. It is also shown that the RF echo data acquired with the scanner allow for the estimation of attenuation coefficient and frequency dependence of backscattering coefficient of trabecular bone. The values of the calculated parameters are in the range of corresponding in vitro data from the literature but their variation is relatively high.

Design and compensation of second-order sub-sampling digital frontend

The problem of designing a digital frontend (DFE) was considered which can dynamically access or sense dual bands in any radio frequency (RF) regions without requiring hardware changes. In particular, second-order bandpass sampling (BPS) as a technique that enables to realize the multiband reception function was discussed. In a second-order BPS system, digital reconstruction filters were utilized to eliminate the interferences generated while down converting arbitrarily positioned RF-band signals by using the direct digitization method. However, the inaccuracy in the phase shift or the amplitude mismatch between the two sample streams may cause insufficient rejection of interference. Practical problems were studied, such as performance degradation in signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and compensation methods to overcome them. In order to demonstrate the second-order BPS as a flexible DFE suitable for software-defined radio (SDR) or cognitive radio (CR), a DFE testbed with a reconfigurable structure was implemented. Moreover, with a view to further demonstrate the proposed compensation algorithms, experimental results show that dual bands are received simultaneously.

Dynamics of damped rotating solids of revolution through an Eulerian modal approach

This article presents a technique for modelling the dynamic response of rotating flexible solids with internal modal damping. The method is applicable to solids with geometry of revolution that rotate around their main axis at constant spinning velocity. The model makes use of an Eulerian modal coordinate system which adopts the vibration modes in a non-rotating frame as basis functions. Due to the coordinate system, the technique is particularly suitable for studying the dynamic interaction between rotating solids and non-rotating structures and permits to obtain Frequency Response Functions. The current investigation presents the development of the proposed technique from a previous Lagrangian model, and consequently the mathematical relationships between the two coordinate sets are found. The approach has been adopted to study the dynamics of a simply supported cylinder including damping in order to obtain the receptance function and the modal properties of the rotating solid.

Towards a Typology of Definitions for LSP Dictionaries

Definitions are the pivotal parts of dictionaries. Every lexicographer always strives to write definitions which are not only accurate but also comprehensible to dictionary users. Nevertheless, as shown in this paper, the definitions used in the current LSP dictionaries have not been able to suit the needs of their users. Therefore, it is necessary to create a typology of definitions for LSP dictionaries which can be referred to by lexicographers when writing definitions. The typology is created by implementing the lexicographical function theory which focuses on satisfying user needs. The typology takes into account both text production and text reception functions, as well as encyclopaedic and foreign language competences of the users. The proposed typology is expected to serve as a model which can be referred to by lexicographers when deciding on how to write definitions for LSP dictionaries in general, and ESP dictionaries in particular.

Spontaneous calcium oscillations during diastole in the whole heart: the influence of ryanodine reception function and gap junction coupling

Triggered arrhythmias due to spontaneous cytoplasmic calcium oscillations occur in a variety of disease conditions; however, their cellular mechanisms in tissue are not clear. We hypothesize that spontaneous calcium oscillations in the whole heart are due to calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and are facilitated by calcium diffusion through gap junctions. Optical mapping of cytoplasmic calcium from Langendorff perfused guinea pig hearts (n = 10) was performed using oxygenated Tyrode's solution (in mM): 140 NaCl, 0.7 MgCl, 4.5 KCl, 5.5 dextrose, 5 HEPES, and 5.5 CaCl₂ (pH 7.45, 34°C). Rapid pacing was used to induce diastolic calcium oscillations. In all preparations, pacing-induced multicellular diastolic calcium oscillations (m-SCR) occurred across most of the mapping field, at all pacing rates tested. Ryanodine (1 μM) eliminated all m-SCR activity. Low-dose caffeine (1 mM) increased m-SCR amplitude (+10.4 ± 4.4%, P < 0.05) and decreased m-SCR time-to-peak (-17.4 ± 6.7%, P < 0.05) and its temporal synchronization (i.e., range) across the mapping field (-26.9 ± 17.1%, P < 0.05). Surprisingly, carbenoxolone increased the amplitude of m-SCR activity (+14.8 ± 4.1%, P < 0.05) and decreased m-SCR time-to-peak (-11.3 ± 9.6%, P < 0.01) and its synchronization (-37.0 ± 19.1%, P < 0.05), similar to caffeine. In isolated myocytes, carbenoxolone (50 μM) had no effect on the frequency of aftercontractions, suggesting the effect of cell-to-cell uncoupling on m-SCR activity is tissue specific. Therefore, in the whole heart, overt m-SCR activity caused by calcium release from the SR can be induced over a broad range of pacing rates. Enhanced ryanodine receptor open probability and, surprisingly, decreased cell-to-cell coupling increased the amplitude and temporal synchronization of spontaneous calcium release in tissue.

Microstructure of the antennal sensory organs in female millipede Oxidus gracilis (Polydesmida: Paradoxomatidae)

The fine structural characteristics of the antennal sensory organs of a female millipede Oxidus gracilis (Polydesmida: Paradoxomatidae) were observed with both field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We could identify four apical cones and three basic types of antennal sensillae in O. gracilis as follows: chaetiform sensilla (CS), trichoid sensilla (TS) and basiconic sensilla (BS). Of these, both types of CS and TS can be observed throughout all antennal segments except the terminal 8th article, whereas the BS are observed within the cuticular depressed regions of the articles from the 5th to the 7th segment. According to their relative size, microstructure and location, the BS are divided further into three subtypes: large (BS1), small (BS2) and spiniform (BS3). The BS1 can be seen on the 5th article only, while BS2 can be seen on the 5th and 6th articles. The BS3 is characteristically seen within the depressive region of the 7th article. Both the CS and TS of O. gracilis are similar in structure, and they are related to the function of mechanical reception; however, four large apical cones (AP) and three subtypes of BS are likely to function in gustatory and olfactory reception.

Transduction in Semiconducting Metal Oxide Based Gas Sensors - Implications of the Conduction Mechanism

For chemoresistive sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides the conduction mechanism in the sensing layer has a very large impact on the magnitude and even on the direction of the sensor signal. That means that for very similar surface reactivity (reception function) the translation of the surface charge transfer processes into sensor resistance changes (transduction function) can be very different. This idea is illustrated with the example of the different sensor signals for different conduction types, n and p and with the example of the change of sensor signal direction determined by the change of the conduction type under various ambient atmospheres.

Self-Structured Organizing Single-Input CMAC Control for Robot Manipulator

This paper represents a self-structured organizing single-input control system based on differentiable cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) for an n-link robot manipulator to achieve the high-precision position tracking. In the proposed scheme, the single-input CMAC controller is solely used to control the plant, so the input space dimension of CMAC can be simplified and no conventional controller is needed. The structure of single-input CMAC will also be self-organized; that is, the layers of single-input CMAC will grow or prune systematically and their receptive functions can be automatically adjusted. The online tuning laws of single-input CMAC parameters are derived in gradient-descent learning method and the discrete-type Lyapunov function is applied to determine the learning rates of proposed control system so that the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The simulation results of robot manipulator are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.

Self-Structured Organizing Single-Input CMAC Control for De-icing Robot Manipulator

This paper presents a self-structured organizing single-input control system based on differentiable cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) for an n-link robot manipulator to achieve the high-precision position tracking. In the proposed scheme, the single-input CMAC controller is solely used to control the plant, so the input space dimension of CMAC can be simplified and no conventional controller is needed. The structure of single-input CMAC will also be self-organized; that is, the layers of single-input CMAC will grow or prune systematically and their receptive functions can be automatically adjusted. The online tuning laws of single-input CMAC parameters are derived in gradient-descent learning method and the discrete-type Lyapunov function is applied to determine the learning rates of the proposed control system so that the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The simulation results of three-link De-icing robot manipulator are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.

Some Effects of Piston Friction and Crank or Gudgeon Pin Offset on Crankshaft Torsional Vibration

The varying inertia associated with reciprocating mechanisms leads to nonlinear frequency coupling between rotational speed and an engine system's average torsional natural frequencies. This coupling can cause secondary resonance problems. Recent work by the authors has shown that piston-to-cylinder friction and gudgeon pin or crank offset can modify coupling behavior. These effects can be demonstrated by analysis of an engine's receptance function and through time simulations. This paper presents the derivation of a single-cylinder engine receptance in the presence of piston-to-cylinder friction. Simulations are then used to investigate some of the effects of piston-to-cylinder friction, offset, and excitation phase on the frequency content of the crankshaft velocity. Simulations indicate that nonlinear coupling is affected by these variables, which has implications for secondary resonance detection and prevention. The most significant finding is that stronger coupling behavior can occur when piston-to-cylinder lubrication breaks down.

Broca's area is not necessary for articulation per se &amp;ndash; Evidence from intracranial recordings

Event Abstract Back to Event Broca's area is not necessary for articulation per se – Evidence from intracranial recordings N. M. Barbaro1, E. Chang1, N.E Crone2, A. Flinker3*, H. E. Kirsch4 and R.T Knight3, 5 1 University of California, Department of Neurosurgery, United States 2 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy center, United States 3 University of California, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States 4 University of California, Department of Neurology, Epilepsy center, United States 5 University of California, Department of Psychology, United States Paul Broca’s seminal work over 100 years ago still serves as the basis for the classical neuropsychological model of language processing. The advent of neuroimaging techniques has led to numerous studies revisiting this classical model. While Broca’s area has been implicated in both expressive and receptive function it is viewed as central to speech production. However, the temporal pattern of neural activation in Broca’s area during articulation remains unknown. We addressed this issue by recording electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity directly from the surface of Broca’s area in neurosurgical patients undergoing treatment for refractory epilepsy. We employed an auditory repetition task consisting of phonemes and words. Activity in Broca’s area commenced as early as 200 ms post-stimulus onset and continued for approximately 300 ms. Surprisingly, activity in Broca’s area was completely extinguished prior to articulation and remained inactive during articulation with neural activation seen only in mouth motor regions. Our results suggest that Broca’s area is not involved in the process of articulation per se but rather supports fine-tuned articulary motor planning prior to speaking. Conference: The 20th Annual Rotman Research Institute Conference, The frontal lobes, Toronto, Canada, 22 Mar - 26 Mar, 2010. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Abstracts Citation: Barbaro NM, Chang E, Crone N, Flinker A, Kirsch HE and Knight R (2010). Broca's area is not necessary for articulation per se – Evidence from intracranial recordings. Conference Abstract: The 20th Annual Rotman Research Institute Conference, The frontal lobes. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2010.14.00070 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 29 Jun 2010; Published Online: 29 Jun 2010. * Correspondence: A. Flinker, University of California, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, United States, adeen@berkeley.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers N. M Barbaro E. Chang N.E Crone A. Flinker H. E Kirsch R.T Knight Google N. M Barbaro E. Chang N.E Crone A. Flinker H. E Kirsch R.T Knight Google Scholar N. M Barbaro E. Chang N.E Crone A. Flinker H. E Kirsch R.T Knight PubMed N. M Barbaro E. Chang N.E Crone A. Flinker H. E Kirsch R.T Knight Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Field-programmable gate array-based functional link radial basis function network control for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor servo drive system

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based functional link radial basis function network (FLRBFN) control is proposed in this study to control the mover of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo drive system to track periodic reference trajectories. First, the dynamics of the field-oriented control PMLSM servo drive with a lumped uncertainty, which contains parameter variations, external disturbances and non-linear friction force, is derived. Then, to achieve accurate trajectory tracking performance with robustness, an intelligent control approach using FLRBFN is proposed for the field-oriented control PMLSM servo drive system. The proposed FLRBFN is a radial basis function network (RBFN) embedded with a functional link neural network (FLNN). Moreover, the on-line learning algorithm of the FLRBFN, including the connective weights, the centres and the centres' width of the receptive field functions, are derived using back-propagation (BP) method. Furthermore, an FPGA chip is adopted to implement the developed control and on-line learning algorithms for possible low-cost and high-performance industrial applications using PMLSM. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the robustness to parameter variations, external disturbances and friction force of the PMLSM servo drive system are verified by some experimental results.

Opera and aesthetic formation A proposal from an artistic education perspective

The opera and its staging presents a series of features that go well beyond their use as resources in arts education, developing many possibilities for the aesthetic education of the person. These opportunities exist thanks to understanding the purpose of a work of art as such, as a necessity to the discovery of their truth and beauty. For this personal meeting or encounter to take place, it is crucial that the educator engage the audience as would a guide within the receptive function of the viewer in the staging of the opera. In this sense, a specific methodology is proposed for the analysis of the opera and the manifestation of its theme in the dramatic structure of the same.

Research on transmission paths of a coupled beam-cylindrical shell system by power flow analysis

A power flow analysis based on a substructure approach is performed to exhibit vibration transmission in a complex coupled beam-cylindrical shell system. The system is divided into a shell substructure and a beam substructure, which are coupled by three spring-dampers. The theoretical receptance function of each substructure with a free-free interface condition is formulated by modal analysis to describe the dynamical behavior. On the basis of the receptance functions of the two substructures as well as synthesis through the geometrical compatibility and force balance conditions at the coupling interfaces, the dynamic characteristics of the coupled system are calculated. Both the input and transmitted powers within the system are estimated, and the influences of the excitation locations, the stiffness and loss factor of the spring-dampers on the vibration transmission are investigated as well.

Self-Organizing CMAC Control for a Class of MIMO Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

This paper presents a self-organizing control system based on cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) for a class of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed control system merges a CMAC and sliding-mode control (SMC), so the input space dimension of CMAC can be simplified. The structure of CMAC will be self-organized; that is, the layers of CMAC will grow or prune systematically and their receptive functions can be automatically adjusted. The control system consists of a self-organizing CMAC (SOCM) and a robust controller. SOCM containing a CMAC uncertainty observer is used as the principal controller and the robust controller is designed to dispel the effect of approximation error. The gradient-descent method is used to online tune the parameters of CMAC and the Lyapunov function is applied to guarantee the stability of the system. A simulation study of inverted double pendulums system and an experimental result of linear ultrasonic motor motion control show that favorable tracking performance can be achieved by using the proposed control system.