Recent Weather Conditions Research Articles

An Information-Based Approach to Sustainable Eco-Communities through Climate Change Initiatives

Numerous searches conducted across the globe on Climatic Change initiatives reveal that current human discharges of atmospheric glasshouse gases are of the utmost in the record. Recent weather conditions have had extensive effects on man and ecological communities. Diverse varieties of living things have been impacted negatively by the sudden changes in their ecological habitats, irregular transformation in atmospheric conditions, movement forms, supplies and varieties interrelationships in action to ongoing climatic variation. The current trends and forces on diverse living components will continue to expand, and varieties of living things will further reduce. This study assessed recent information on the impact of ecological communities worldwide and their impacts on climate change alleviation. The data guiding this study derived from the various reports from academic articles and other related studies which citations appropriately utilise in this ongoing study. The research offers information on the capability of previous administrative methods for wetlands, wildlands and pampas lands, coastland ecological communities and farmlands to support and promote carbon accumulation and carbon drifts. The research suggested increasing collaborations with climatic variation solutions, hazard threat reduction, viable growth, and ecological and living organisms. The diverse solutions offer broader land-use methods that consider all investors' viable advantages, information, and competencies. Empirical proof regarding living organisms' relevance for sustainable ecological communities and operation, thus the broad impact of a climatic change initiative, is vividly represented in this study.

Twenty‐Five Years of Lower Tropospheric Ozone Observations in Tropical East Asia: The Influence of Emissions and Weather Patterns

AbstractTropospheric ozone affects the Earth's radiative balance, oxidative capacity, and air quality, yet the long‐term ozone trend in East Asia and its driver(s) remain poorly understood. Here we present ozone measurements obtained during 1994–2018 on China's southern coast. The measurement location intercepts China's outflow most of the time and the inflow of tropical maritime air during summer. We found an overall increase in the ozone level (0.35 ppbv/year), and the increase occurred mainly during the first half of the 25‐year period but appeared to level off in recent years in Chinese outflow. Large ozone increase (~20% per decade) was found in the maritime air. Model simulations show that recent weather conditions have reduced maritime ozone, counteracting the impact of the growing Southeast Asia's emissions. Our results fill the gap in the long‐term ozone trend in Asia and highlight the complex interaction of weather and emissions in driving the ozone change.

Adjustment of Irrigation Schedules as a Strategy to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Cyprus

The study aimed at investigating eventual deviations from typical recommendations of irrigation water application to crops in Cyprus given the undeniable changes in recent weather conditions. It focused on the seasonal or monthly changes in crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and net irrigation requirements (NIR) of a number of permanent and annual crops over two consecutive overlapping periods (1976–2000 and 1990–2014). While the differences in the seasonal ETc and NIR estimates were not statistically significant between the studied periods, differences were identified via a month-by-month comparison. In March, the water demands of crops appeared to be significantly greater during the recent past in relation to 1976–2000, while for NIR, March showed statistically significant increases and September showed significant decreases. Consequently, the adjustment of irrigation schedules to climate change by farmers should not rely on annual trends as an eventual mismatch of monthly crop water needs with irrigation water supply might affect the critical growth stages of crops with a disproportionately greater negative impact on yields and quality. The clear increase in irrigation needs in March coincides with the most sensitive growth stage of irrigated potato crops in Cyprus. Therefore, the results may serve as a useful tool for current and future adaptation measures.

Testing the Influence of Recent Weather on Perceptions of Personal Experience with Climate Change and Extreme Weather in New York State

Abstract The general public’s perceptions of climate change may be shaped by local climate impacts through the mechanism of experiential processing. Although climate change is a long-term global trend, individuals personally experience it as weather from moment to moment. This study assesses how New York State adults’ overall perceptions of their personal experiences with the effects of climate change and extreme weather (surveyed in early 2014) are related to recent weather conditions. This research is unique in that it examines multiple types of weather: temperature and precipitation, over 1 day or 1 week, quantified both as relative and nonrelative measures. Respondents’ perceptions that they had personally experienced climate change or extreme weather significantly increased with warmer relative (percentage of normal) minimum temperatures on the day of the study. Maximum temperatures and total precipitation levels were not significant predictors of perceptions of personal experience, either on the day of the study or over the preceding week. Experiential processing had a smaller effect on perceptions than motivated reasoning, the influence of preexisting ideas. Respondents who believed that climate change was happening agreed more that they had personally experienced it or extreme weather, and this effect increased for individuals who thought that climate change was anthropogenic, as opposed to naturally caused. Of the sociodemographic factors assessed here, political party, gender, and region were significant predictors, while age and education were not.

Local variations in gabion structures

Gabion structures are widely used for force protection as they enable locally available material to be used, reducing logistical expense. The soil fill within these structures provides the blast and ballistic resistance; hence, any localised variation in the contained soil can potentially lead to reductions in protective capability. Specifically, built gabion structures were monitored in internal and external environments to assess the variation of soil moisture content and density over a full year and with changing weather conditions. The gabions were filled with fine sand according to manufacturer’s instructions. Internal and external moisture content readings were recorded at regular intervals, and a continuously monitoring weather station was installed to collect comparative data. LIDAR scanning was used to record the shape and volume of the gabions to estimate variations in the density of the soil fill. The data indicate that moisture content can vary by over 20% between the top and base of the gabion, and by over 5% from face to face and between readings depending on recent weather conditions, while the core of the gabions remains relatively unaffected. This leads to localised variations in density which can impact on both the ballistic performance and blast resistance of the structure.

Demonstration of the LVDC distribution system in an island

This study introduces and describes a demonstration island of low-voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system. The LVDC distribution system is planned to be constructed in an island of South Korea named Geochado by a project of KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation). In this study, the network design of the demonstration island is proposed. A new DC network will be installed to demonstrate the LVDC distribution system and is planned to operate with the existing AC network. In addition, this paper presents the composition of loads for the DC network demonstration and distribution energy resources (DER) containing renewable energy resources. A variable speed function is planned to be developed for fuel efficiency operation. To calculate optimal DER capacity, HOMER microgrid economic analysis tool is used. Optimal HOMER results are presented with several cases. The final DER capacity is selected by considering the cost, stability and recent weather conditions. The energy management system is designed for efficient monitoring and control of LVDC distribution system. In addition, heat management system, power management system and automatic demand response are applied for demonstration. Each system interface method and a communication method for systems and field devices are proposed. Finally, the operation strategy for the LVDC distribution system is proposed in this study.

Climate Change Revisited

“The effects of climate change are already evident at Defense Department installations in the U.S. and overseas, and DOD expects climate change to challenge its ability to fulfill its mission in the future, according to the first DOD Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap.” ( American Forces Press Service, Nov. 26, 2013) “Since the start of the 20th century, average annual temperatures across the contiguous U.S. have increased approximately 1.5°F (0.8°C). Recent weather conditions are no exception to this trend. July 2012 was the hottest month in the U.S. since record keeping began in 1895, and 2012 was the warmest year overall, marked by historic high temperatures and droughts, above average wildfires, multiple intense storms that disrupted power to millions, and multiple extreme heat waves.” (“U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather,” Department of Energy, July 2013) “The world’s climate is changing. An increase in the severity and frequency ...

Perceptions of Foresters of Wind Damage in Mississippi Forests

Abstract A survey of registered foresters in Mississippi was conducted to gauge their perception of various factors that influence stand damage resulting from hurricanes. A review of the literature suggests that tree diameter, height, age, and species are influential factors on a stand's susceptibility to wind damage. In addition, stand density, recent management activities, soil conditions, recent weather conditions, and the proximity to open areas are also noted in the literature as influential factors on these site-specific studies. Although scientific opinion on the importance of these factors varies, the perceptions of foresters familiar with strong wind events provide critical feedback that is often consistent with research results. The perceptions of foresters are valuable because they are derived from direct or indirect field experience, and they can be helpful in designing more effective research studies, in developing organizational policies, and in broadening our understanding of what makes a forest more resistant to hurricane-related damage. The results of our survey were generally consistent with the available literature, but some differences were found between the registered foresters' perceptions of hurricane damage and factors suggested by site-specific studies previously reported in the literature.

Evaluation of Sequential Fungicide Spray Programs for Control of Soybean Rust

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhiza, has been a recurring problem for soybean growers in the southern United States. In some cases, growers in this region have followed a fungicide spray program consisting of two fungicide applications to protect their crop from the disease. Our study was conducted to determine how various sequential fungicide spray programs perform under the relatively high SBR pressure found in Alabama. Results from this study suggest that there are significant differences in the relative effectiveness of a program based on products used and the sequence in which they are applied. Factors such as recent weather conditions, proximity to sources of SBR, cost of available products, and an estimate of a crops yield potential should be considered when choosing a fungicide program. Accepted for publication 10 February 2009. Published 2 April 2009.

Site and weather effects in allometries: A simple approach to climate change effect on pines

Allometric relationships allow estimation of forest stand variables (volume, biomass, leaf area), which are very important in forest management and in key ecosystem processes. However, these relationships are very costly to obtain, as the data on which they are based require laborious destructive sampling. In addition, allometric coefficients appear to change for a given species depending on stand density, site and season (recent weather conditions). Thus, if the environmental conditions change, these relationships may not be valid. This study attempts to explain why allometric relationships may vary in time and from site to site by using a little set of known bioclimatic variables. Seventy-eight trees from three sites and eight dates were selected for destructive sampling. Dendrometric variables were obtained from stem analysis. Leaf area and leaf biomass were estimated using ratio estimators in stratified random sampling. The allometric relationships varied depending on the site and date. Relationships involving variables that accumulate during the life-span of a tree (biomass, volume and height of stem versus diameter at breast height) depend mainly on site and little on recent weather conditions. In contrast, those regarding variables that were not totally cumulative (leaf and branch biomass and leaf area versus diameter at breast height) varied mostly with recent weather conditions. Bioclimatic variables have proved to be both a meaningful and easy tool to use to produce a parameterisation of all the allometric relationships, which could be very useful to obtain transition and output functions in growth modelling.

Contents of Climate Predictions Desired by Agricultural Decision Makers

Abstract In-depth interviews with 27 executives in various agribusiness defined usage and needs for climate predictions. Predictions are acquired from various public and private sources but are seldom used in making major decision. Users exhibited little trust of climate predictions, relying heavily on recent weather conditions as the basis of prediction. Additions to predictions involving climatic information would better serve the needs of most of agribusiness. Improved predictive accuracies alone will not materially increase usage. A need exists to familiarize agribusiness leaders with the information currently available, and to realize benefits from this information; many agribusinesses will need to develop models and procedures that allow integration of future weather conditions (actual and predicted) with their corporate activities and economic conditions.

Summary of Correlations of Bioclimatic Ultraviolet and Total Solar Radiation in Washington, D. C., 1941–1950

This communication summarizes the results of a ten-year series of uninterrupted daily measurements of the biologically effective component (of wave lengths 2900Å to 3150Å) of ultraviolet solar and sky radiation, incident on a horizontal plane, useful in heliotherapy. Although recent weather conditions were abnormal, the ten-year averages of the monthly totals do not differ markedly from the six-year, and the eight-year averages previously reported in this Bulletin.