Systematic Review Of Recent Literature Research Articles

Augmenting Performance: A Systematic Review of Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays in Surgery.

We conducted a systematic review of recent literature to understand the current challenges in the use of optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) for augmented reality (AR) assisted surgery. Using Google Scholar, 57 relevant articles from 1 January 2021 through 18 March 2022 were identified. Selected articles were then categorized based on a taxonomy that described the required components of an effective AR-based navigation system: data, processing, overlay, view, and validation. Our findings indicated a focus on orthopedic () and maxillofacial surgeries (). For preoperative input data, computed tomography (CT) (), and surface rendered models () were most commonly used to represent image information. Virtual content was commonly directly superimposed with the target site (); this was achieved by surface tracking of fiducials (), external tracking (), or manual placement (). Microsoft HoloLens devices ( in 2021, in 2022) were the most frequently used OST-HMDs; gestures and/or voice () served as the preferred interaction paradigm. Though promising system accuracy in the order of 2–5 mm has been demonstrated in phantom models, several human factors and technical challenges—perception, ease of use, context, interaction, and occlusion—remain to be addressed prior to widespread adoption of OST-HMD led surgical navigation.

Total laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy with left-posterior superior mesenteric artery first-approach for distal pancreatic cancer: step-by-step technique with a surgical case report (with video)

IntroductionLeft-sided pancreatic cancers are uncommon but seem more aggressive than tumors of pancreatic head. Radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy (RAMPS) was proved to have safe and effective advantages while comparing with standard retrograde pancreato-splenectomy (SRPS) in recent systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Laparoscopic SMA first-approach RAMPS was recently proceeded with optimistic perioperative outcomes.Case presentationOur patient is a 67-year-old female with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension, recruited because of upper left quadrant abdominal pain. She was referred for pancreato-splenectomy because of a 3-cm-sized mass in distal pancreas. We use 5 trocars and the patient placed in a Trendelenburg position. The retroperitoneum is opened at the left-posterior side of the meso-pancreato-duodenum along to the inframesocolic space, so that the anterior surface of the aorta (AO), inferior vena cave (IVC), left renal vein (LRV), left adrenal grand (LAG), and kidney are completely exposed. The inferior border of the pancreas had been dissected and separated from the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) below the pancreatic isthmus, removed the lymph nodes (LNs) groups 14v and 17. Then, dissect of LNs groups 7,8,9,11p,12 en bloc at the superior side of the pancreas. Dissection of LNs group 14p, d or SMA LNs after transecting the pancreas. The operation time was 240 min, the estimated blood loss was 200 ml. With no postoperative complications as well as no diarrhea, the patient was discharged on the POD10 uneventfully. Pathological result: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with T2N1 staging and negative margin (R0).ConclusionsThis technique was safe and effective to perform precise and complete lymphadenectomy and negative posterior resection in total laparoscopic left-posterior SMA first-approach RAMPS for distal pancreatic cancer.

Optimized perioperative management (fast-track, ERAS) to enhance postoperative recovery in elective colorectal surgery.

Aim: This manuscript provides information on the history, principles, and clinical results of Fast-track or ERAS concepts to optimize perioperative management (OPM).Methods: With the focus on elective colorectal surgery description of the OPM concept and its elements for with special attention to the prevention of infectious complications and clinical results compared to traditional care will be given using recent systematic literature reviews. Additionally, clinical results for other major abdominal procedures are given.Results: An optimized perioperative management protocol for elective colorectal resections will currently consist of 25 perioperative elements. These elements include the time from before hospital admission (patient education, screening, and treatment of possible risk factors like anemia, malnutrition, cessation of nicotine or alcohol abuse, optimization of concurrent systemic disease, physical prehabilitation, carbohydrate loading, adequate bowel preparation) to the preoperative period (shortened fasting, non-sedative premedication, prophylaxis of PONV and thromboembolic complications), intraoperative measures (systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, standardized anesthesia, normothermia and normovolemia, minimally invasive surgery, avoidance of drains and tubes) as well as postoperative actions (early oral feeding, enforced mobilization, early removal of a urinary catheter, stimulation of intestinal propulsion, control of hyperglycemia). Most of these elements are based on high-level evidence and will also have effects on the incidence of postoperative infectious complications.Conclusion: Optimized perioperative management should be mandatory for elective surgery today as it enhances postoperative patient recovery, reduces morbidity and infectious complications.

PB2233: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE BURDEN IN PATIENTS ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF THALASSEMIA

Background: Recent systematic literature reviews (SLRs) have highlighted the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) burden in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT), particularly β-thalassemia (β-thal). However, less is known about HRQoL in non–transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and alpha-thalassemia (α-thal). Aims: To conduct an SLR on the real-world HRQoL burden across the entire spectrum of thalassemia and report evidence gaps. Methods: Searches (2010 to September 2021) were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Technology Assessment Database, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, and EconLit for real-world studies reporting on HRQoL, utilities, and patient-reported outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with thalassemia. Conference abstracts from 2017 to September 2021 were also searched. References were screened at title/abstract and then full text by two independent reviewers. Data extraction was undertaken by one reviewer and validated by a second independent reviewer. Results were grouped by genotype (β-thal/α-thal) and transfusion phenotype (TDT/NTDT) to support comparisons. Results: A total of 2,541 records were screened at title/abstract, 441 at full-text and 7 references were identified through other sources. A total of 126 publications reporting on 116 study populations were included. Most evidence was published since 2015 (n=95) and sample sizes ranged from 22 to 1240. The number of publications by transfusion phenotype (TDT/NTDT) and thalassemia genotype (β-thal/α-thal) is shown in Table 1. Overall, most TDT/NTDT studies were conducted in β-thal or did not report genotype. Four studies included patients with α-thal but did not report HRQoL results separately for this subgroup. Across 52 studies reporting on TD β-thal, most showed that both adult and pediatric patients have reduced HRQoL. One study found EQ-VAS utility values to be poorer in adults than in children with TDT (mean [SD]: 75.04 [17.86] for >18 years vs. 84.97 [15.16] for ≤18 years; P<0.001). Four studies in pediatric patients noted the negative impact of TDT on caregivers’ HRQoL. Very few studies assessed HRQoL for NTDT patients vs healthy controls, and none were in adult population. One pediatric study found NTDT patients had worse total and domain PedsQOL scores (all P<=0.05) than healthy controls. Several studies compared NTDT and TDT patients. Using the SF-36, one study found significantly poorer HRQoL in NTDT than in TDT adults (mean total score [SD]: 66.5 [16.1] vs. 75.8 [18.8]; P=0.021). A prospective, non-interventional study found significantly lower SF-36 mental component scores at baseline in NTDT compared to TDT adults (mean [SD]: 47.4 [8.4] vs. 51.6 [7.2]; P <0.01), and NTDT patients had worse HRQoL change from baseline at 24 weeks than TDT patients. In pediatric patients, one study found poorer HRQoL in TDT compared to NTDT (mean PedsQL total score [SD]: 42.25 [20.61] vs. 67.76 [18.31]; P=0.0001). However, both NTDT and TDT patients had poorer HRQoL than healthy controls (83.45 [15.6]); P<0.0001). Image:Summary/Conclusion: This SLR highlights the negative impact of thalassemia on HRQoL. Adding to previously published SLRs, it shows limited evidence is available for NTDT patients; however, studies suggest that HRQoL burden may be worse in NTDT than TDT patients, particularly in adults. Characterizing the HRQoL burden of α-thal is a clear evidence gap. High-quality, real-world studies in NTDT and α-thal are needed to better understand the HRQoL burden and the potential impact of new treatments on HRQoL.

A Clinical Practice Guide to Enhance Physical Activity Participation for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder in Canada.

This clinical practice guide (CPG) aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for promoting and enhancing the participation and integration of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) into physical activities that take place in the home, school, community, or rehabilitation clinic contexts. A panel of key stakeholders relevant to these contexts (parents, instructors, rehabilitation professionals) developed evidence-based recommendations using a consensus methodology after reviewing results from a recent systematic review of relevant literature. The quality of the evidence on which the recommendations were based was evaluated (2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence scale) as was the strength of the final CPG recommendations (American Society of Plastic Surgeons Grade Recommendation Scale). Recommendations (n = 50; 36% supported by robust, empirically derived evidence) for the different stakeholder groups fell into three categories: 1) Choose an appropriate activity for your child, 2) Harmonize the activity with the child's interests and abilities, and 3) Help the child learn new movements prior to the activity. This comprehensive CPG provides concrete recommendations, based on the currently available evidence, that can be used by stakeholders to address the physical activity participation and integration needs of children with DCD in a variety of contexts.

Elevated blood lead levels of refugee children in the United States: a systematic review of recent literature (2011-2021).

Lead is an environmental hazard; even small elevations in blood lead level can cause serious negative health effects in children, including irreversible impacts such as learning difficulties, attention disorders, and behavioral issues. Previous research has shown that some groups are at higher risk for lead poisoning including racial/ethnic minorities, those with low economic status, and immigrants, especially refugees. This systematic review explores recent literature studying disparities in lead poisoning in refugee children. Search terms were chosen with the assistance of a medical librarian, and two independent reviewers assessed articles using a PICOS criteria (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRIMSA-P) guidelines, a set of evidence-based minimum standards for reporting in systematic reviews. 321 article titles were reviewed, 61 abstracts screened, and 17 methods sections reviewed, ultimately including 13 studies. The studies found a high prevalence of elevated blood lead level among refugee populations when compared to reference populations. Both pre-migration and post-migration factors were identified as contributors to the disparity, and associations were identified between elevated blood lead levels and factors such as country of origin, age, and other health variables. Health providers and resettlement workers should be aware of these disparities and related factors. Testing, care, education and consistent follow-up should be provided.

Gaming innovation ecosystem: actors, roles and co-innovation processes

AbstractBurgeoning research on innovation ecosystems offers a variety of conceptual approaches. Recent systematic literature reviews and syntheses provide a rich, diverse, but somehow abstract view of IEs. Our study advances the literature by taking the perspective of those involved in IEs. We aim to identify how various actors contribute to co-innovation in innovation ecosystems. In order to do so, our aim is to establish the various types of actors (who?), the distinct roles (what?), the different stages (when?), and the diverse engagement in co-innovation processes (how?). The study investigates the Polish Gaming Innovation Ecosystem as a globally successful example of a knowledge-intensive and highly creative innovation ecosystem. Data was collected over 3 years (between 2015 and 2017), in three waves of interviews (38) and non-participatory observations (5). We find that Gaming Innovation Ecosystem participants identify a total of 12 types of collective actors, 9 types of individual actors, and 1 community of individuals. Furthermore, we find four distinctive roles that actors may play in the co-creation processes, that is: direct value creation, supporting value creation, encouraging entrepreneurship, and leadership. Finally, we structure the co-innovation process into five stages: co-discovery, co-development, co-deployment, co-delivery and co-dissemination. We identify the diverse scope and varied intensity of actors’ engagement, depending on the co-innovation phase, as perceived by our informants.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Torso, Maxillofacial, and Skin Traumatic Lesions: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence.

Use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in trauma patients is a common practice. However, considering the increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, AP use should be questioned and limited only to specific cases. We performed a systematic review of recent literature (from year 2000), aiming to summarize the state of the art on efficacy and appropriateness of AP in patients with traumatic injuries of torso, maxillofacial complex and skin (including burns). Twenty-six articles were selected. In thoracic trauma, AP could be useful in reducing infective complications in tube thoracostomy for penetrating trauma. In maxillo-facial trauma, AP could find a role in the peri-operative trauma setting in the case of a graft or prosthetic implant. In abdominal trauma, there is a lack of consensus on the definition of contamination, infection, antibiotic therapy, and prophylaxis. In burned patients, routine AP is not suggested. In the case of human bites to the extremities, AP could find an indication. Future studies should focus on the subcategories of patients at higher risk of infection, identifying those who would benefit from AP. Attention to antimicrobial stewardship and guidelines focused on AP in trauma are required, to reduce antibiotic abuse, and increase quality research.

The role of internationalisation in 40 years of higher education research: major themes from Higher Education Research & Development (1982–2020)

ABSTRACT Internationalisation represents a significant disruptive force for higher education over the last four decades, impacting teaching, research, and service provisions in many countries. In response, much scholarly literature has focused on internationalisation’s causes and effects in the sector, leading recent systematic literature reviews to consider it a thematic field of higher education research. To mark the 40th anniversary of Higher Education Research & Development, we consider the extent to which the journal has made a contribution to this thematic field and how the framing of internationalisation has developed or changed over time. A systematic literature review of 151 articles about internationalisation published since the journal’s founding in 1982 demonstrated that this theme is of substantial interest and contribution. We have highlighted through a qualitative discourse analysis of article titles and abstracts that the journal has developed growing criticality towards internationalisation over time through recognition of underlying power differentials and inequalities. Several areas are suggested to move this thematic field forward in the journal and the wider higher education field, including the inclusion of more authors from the Global South and increased criticality towards deficit narrative framings of international students.

Landscape of Automated Log Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review and Mapping Study

Logging is a common practice in software engineering to provide insights into working systems. The main uses of log files have always been failure identification and root cause analysis. In recent years, novel applications of logging have emerged that benefit from automated analysis of log files, for example, real-time monitoring of system health, understanding users’ behavior, and extracting domain knowledge. Although nearly every software system produces log files, the biggest challenge in log analysis is the lack of a common standard for both the content and format of log data. This paper provides a systematic review of recent literature (covering the period between 2000 and June 2021, concentrating primarily on the last five years of this period) related to automated log analysis. Our contribution is three-fold: we present an overview of various research areas in the field; we identify different types of log files that are used in research, and we systematize the content of log files. We believe that this paper serves as a valuable starting point for new researchers in the field, as well as an interesting overview for those looking for other ways of utilizing log information.

Projectability and Heritage Management of Design Knowledge: A Grass-Roots Artefact Perspective of a Longitudinal Research Project for Knowledge Management System Innovation

This article expands on design science-research (DSR) publications which—based on current knowledge management systems (KM/KMS) and practices—are conceptualizing and prototyping a novel more generative and knowledge-worker-centric approach just presented as a desirable sustainable KMS vision. The perspective taken follows up on recent systematic literature reviews and content analysis studies reporting on the poor knowledge accumulation and evolution in the design, information science, and KM disciplines. Proposed remedies and initiatives are pitched against the novel KMS development case with its longitudinal stream of research output. As the design and creation of complex innovative artefacts facing ‘wicked’ challenges are seldom complemented by concurrent research papers, rare insights are offered of how similar longitudinal DSR or KMS projects may be structured and of how the related domain’s heritage knowledge base and its fitness-for-use-and-evolution may be strengthened. Due to the cycles and progression of its prior publications, this case study is particularly suited to contribute to cumulative research synthesis and, hence, further focusses on the recently proposed notions of projecting and projectability for evaluating distances between actual real-world environments and future possible-world application-ecosystems—a perspective which may become essential acceptance criteria for publishing in DSR-related conferences and journal publishing outlets.

Abstract 11404: Disparities in Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature

Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes 1 in 7 strokes as it is the most prevalent arrhythmia in the United States. 1 Previous work has shown that even with significant recurring AF and high CHA 2 DS 2 VASc scores, there are various disparities that occur within the prescription, type, and quality of anticoagulation control. One previous systematic review published in 2018 discusses disparities within anticoagulation for AF. Given the importance of health equity for this highly efficacious intervention, we aimed to review recent data on disparities with respect to anticoagulation for AF published after 12/31/17. This systematic review used the PubMed database to identify 19 articles that discuss disparities within anticoagulation for AF. We limited our search to articles published after 12/31/17. The search string consisted of 7 phrases that combined AF, anticoagulation, and disparities involving sex, race, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic (SE) status, etc. Articles were excluded if they focused on anticoagulation for conditions other than AF, if they did not discuss anticoagulation as a treatment for AF, and/or lack of inclusion of data referring to disparity as defined above. We found 7 articles on race and anticoagulation, 6 articles on anticoagulation and sex/gender, 3 articles that discussed SE status and anticoagulation, and 5 articles that discuss other types of disparity related to anticoagulation. Results showed that black populations were much less likely to be given anticoagulation than other patients. Black patients were more likely to be given warfarin over DOACs. Women were less anticoagulated than men even when their stroke risk was higher. Some studies in this review found that there were not statistically meaningful differences in anticoagulation use in women and men. Lower income and less educated patients were less likely to receive DOAC compared to warfarin. Compared to a prior systematic review, focusing on articles after 2017 revealed much more information about DOAC use. Disparities first noted in the warfarin era have persisted with DOACs. Given that we have identified disparities in anticoagulation with respect to race, sex, and SE status, more work is needed to identify mechanisms of these disparities and identify potential solutions.

Priorities for family physician and general practitioner recruitment and retention in Singapore: a PRIORITIZE study

BackgroundA shortage of primary care physicians has been reported in many countries. Primary care systems are diverse and the challenges leading to a decline in workforce are at times context-specific and require tailored solutions. Inviting frontline clinicians to share their insights can help identify optimal strategies for a particular setting. To determine priorities for family physicians’ and general practitioners’ recruitment and retention in Singapore, we invited primary care physicians to rank pertinent strategies using PRIORITIZE, a transparent, systematic priority-setting approach.MethodsThe study advisory board, consisting of representatives of Singapore’s key primary care stakeholders, determined the criteria for prioritising of general practitioners (GPs) and family physicians (FPs) recruitment and retention strategies in Singapore. A comprehensive list of GPs and FPs recruitment and retention strategies was extracted from a recent systematic review of the relevant literature. A questionnaire listing the strategies and the scoring criteria was administered online to doctors practicing in public and private sector in Singapore. Respondents’ scores were combined to create a ranked list of locally most relevant strategies for improving GPs and FPs recruitment and retention.ResultsWe recruited a diverse sample of 50 GPs and FPs practicing in a variety of primary care settings, many with a range of additional professional responsibilities. Around 60 and 66% of respondents thought that there was a problem with recruitment and retention of GPs and FPs in Singapore, respectively. Strategies focusing on promoting primary care by emphasizing the advantages and enhancing the status of the profession as well as training-related strategies, such as sub-specialisation and high-quality rotations were considered priorities for improving recruitment. For retention of GPs and FPs, improving working conditions by increasing GPs’ and FPs’ salary and recognition, as well as varying or reducing time commitment, were seen as the most important strategies. The ranking between physicians working in public and private sector was mostly similar, with nine out of the top ten recruitment and retention strategies being the same.ConclusionPrimary care physicians’ ranking of recruitment and retention strategies for GPs and FPs in Singapore provide important insight into the challenges and the solutions as seen by the members of the profession themselves. This information can guide future policy and decision making in this area.

NIMG-46. SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ALGORITHMS USING PRE-THERAPY MR IMAGING FOR GLIOMA MOLECULAR SUBTYPE CLASSIFICATION

Abstract PURPOSE Identifying molecular subtypes in gliomas has prognostic and therapeutic value, traditionally after invasive neurosurgical tumor resection or biopsy. Recent advances using artificial intelligence (AI) show promise in using pre-therapy imaging for predicting molecular subtype. We performed a systematic review of recent literature on AI methods used to predict molecular subtypes of gliomas. METHODS Literature review conforming to PRSIMA guidelines was performed for publications prior to February 2021 using 4 databases: Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science core-collection. Keywords included: artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, radiomics, magnetic resonance imaging, glioma, and glioblastoma. Non-machine learning and non-human studies were excluded. Screening was performed using Covidence software. Bias analysis was done using TRIPOD guidelines. RESULTS 11,727 abstracts were retrieved. After applying initial screening exclusion criteria, 1,135 full text reviews were performed, with 82 papers remaining for data extraction. 57% used retrospective single center hospital data, 31.6% used TCIA and BRATS, and 11.4% analyzed multicenter hospital data. An average of 146 patients (range 34-462 patients) were included. Algorithms predicting IDH status comprised 51.8% of studies, MGMT 18.1%, and 1p19q 6.0%. Machine learning methods were used in 71.4%, deep learning in 27.4%, and 1.2% directly compared both methods. The most common algorithm for machine learning were support vector machine (43.3%), and for deep learning convolutional neural network (68.4%). Mean prediction accuracy was 76.6%. CONCLUSION Machine learning is the predominant method for image-based prediction of glioma molecular subtypes. Major limitations include limited datasets (60.2% with under 150 patients) and thus limited generalizability of findings. We recommend using larger annotated datasets for AI network training and testing in order to create more robust AI algorithms, which will provide better prediction accuracy to real world clinical datasets and provide tools that can be translated to clinical practice.

Understanding the Association between Red Blood Cell Transfusion Dependency and Humanistic, Psychosocial, and Psychological Burden in Patients with β-Thalassemia from the Patients' Perspective

Introduction: A recent systematic literature review (Betts M, et al . Clin Ther 2020;42:322-337) perceived that in the past 2 decades, advancements in the treatment and management of β-thalassemia have resulted in improvements in iron control. However, clinical complications, including alloimmunization, iron overload, and resultant cardiac and liver disease, remain a challenge. While red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are used to treat anemia in patients with β-thalassemia, those who are transfusion dependent reported poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with the US general population. The literature misses a holistic understanding of the humanistic, psychosocial, and psychological burden of transfusion dependency in β-thalassemia in terms of the impact of disease and treatment on patients' daily lives, distress arising from the possibility of adverse events, and comorbidities.Methods: First, concept elicitation qualitative interviews (n=3) and cognitive pre-test interviews (n=3) were conducted with patients from the Cooley's Anemia Foundation (CAF) to test and revise a 30-minute web-based patient survey questionnaire for clarity and relevance. Following, a larger cross-sectional study included adult patients with β-thalassemia in the USA identified by the CAF. Patients were recruited via email invitation or social media, and invited by CAF to take the survey, at which point informed consent was obtained. Inclusion criteria included ≥18 years of age, self-reported physician diagnosis of β-thalassemia, and ≥1 RBC transfusion in the past 6 months. Survey instruments included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), ad hoc questions around patient treatment experience, side effects resulting from β-thalassemia treatment, and psychological burden due to treatment. All results were reported descriptively, with frequency counts and percentages for categorical/ordinal data and mean and standard deviations (SD) for continuous data.Results: Overall, 100 patients in the USA completed the survey; 65% were female, average age was 36.0 (SD=10.4) years, 42% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 33% reported a household income of USD 100,000 or more. On average, patients had been diagnosed with β-thalassemia for 34.4 (SD=10.3) years and received 9.6 (SD=4.3) RBC transfusions in the past 6 months. Among all patients, 70% reported moderate to extremely high burden of RBC transfusions, 81% reported experiencing iron overload due to RBC transfusion, and 42% reported not being as social with friends/family due to the time needed for RBC transfusions and the associated recovery time. Over 50% of patients reported mild to severe depression (52%) via PHQ-9 and anxiety (53%) via GAD-7 symptoms over the previous 2 weeks. The FACT-An (0-188), where higher scores indicate better outcomes, average score was 132 (SD=33.5), while fatigue symptoms (0-52) average score was 33.3 (SD=12.3), and anemia symptoms (0-28) average score was 20.4 (SD=5.5) in the past 7 days. A week prior to receiving an RBC transfusion, 18% of patients reported their overall health as “very well” versus 52% 1 week after an RBC transfusion.Conclusions: Although upon RBC transfusion HRQoL temporarily improves, overall, these results demonstrated patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia experienced poor health prior to RBC transfusion, mild to severe depression and anxiety, increased psychological burden, and suboptimal HRQoL. These findings contribute to the understanding of the humanistic and psychological burden of RBC transfusion dependency in patients with β-thalassemia and suggest that new treatment options that can improve outcomes in this population are needed. DisclosuresPrice: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Gupta: Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kantar Health: Current Employment. Perkowski: Kantar Health: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Costantino: Kantar Health: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Inyart: Kantar Health: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Ashka: Kantar Health: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Clapp: Kantar Health: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Knoth: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company.

The impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures: A systematic review of recent literature.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether COVID-19-related period of societal restrictions and nationwide in 2020 were associated with a significant change in types and frequency of traumatic fractures. A systematic review of recent literature on epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures during the outbreak of COVID-19 was conducted. Multiple databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science were searched, and articles comparing incidence for traumatic fractures before and after of COVID-19 outbreak were Results: From 8 published studies which had been reported from July 2020 to September 2020, a total of 9305 patients were identified. The study period of each study included varied from January 24 to May 22 in 2020. There was a significant decrease in the total number of trauma cases during lockdown by 3229 cases (pre-lockdown n = 6267 and lockdown n = 3038), amounting to a decrease by a pooled percentage of 51.6% (P = 0.012). The incidence of hand and tibia fractures decreased while the incidence of femoral fracture significantly increased during COVID-19 outbreak (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the fracture frequency for all other skeletal areas (P > 0.05). Evidence suggests that there was a significant decrease in the overall number of traumatic fractures during the COVID-19-related period of societal restrictions and lockdown. Proportions of most fractured areas were not significantly influenced by the state of emergency, except for femoral fractures, which had occurred more often during this state. Care must be taken, while developing contingency plans for reallocating resources during the COVID-19 pandemic, not to assume that all trauma presentations will decrease. Evidence from this study has suggested there was a significant decrease in the overall number of traumatic fractures during the COVID-19-related period of societal restrictions and lockdown. Proportions of most fractured areas were not significantly influenced by the state of emergency, except for femoral fractures which had occurred more often during this state. Level III, Diagnostic Study.

Systematic Literature Review of Supply Chain Relationship Approaches amongst Business-to-Business Partners

Managing a business-to-business (B2B) supply chain relationship is an endless challenge. Many recent systematic literature review studies have discussed supply chain relationships from various perspectives. However, a comprehensive analysis, summarising the existing research, explicitly identified the implemented B2B supply chain relationships and found the effects of these relationships on supply chain performance remain lacking. To address the gap, this article presents a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA approach regarding the nature of the supply chain relationships between B2B partners and their effect on supply chain performance. Web of Science and Scopus were used in the compilation of studies published between 2000 and 2020. Findings indicate that the majority of B2B partners use a collaborative relationship approach and that the impacts are marked on the operational, financial, innovation, environmental, social and economic performance of their supply chain. This study seeks to contribute to the existing literature on B2B supply chain relationships by conducting a thorough and unbiased review of previous studies, drawing more general conclusions about the adopted supply chain relationships between B2B partners and providing insights for future research.

2.1 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER

Pharmacotherapy is effective for bipolar disorder (BD) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs); however, suboptimal adherence, often defined as missing ≥80% of prescribed medication, occurs in greater than 65% of AYAs with BD. Poor adherence is associated with relapse. The objectives of this presentation are to: 1) summarize findings of a recent systematic literature review (SLR) on adherence in pediatric BD; 2) evaluate focus group and usability data from AYAs and family stakeholders; and 3) review methods of a randomized controlled trial pilot testing Customized Adherence Enhancement AYA (CAE-AYA), a novel behavioral intervention to promote adherence. The SLR found 6 original reports specific to pediatric BD. Ten AYAs with BD and 4 caregivers participated in focus groups/interviews, and 8 AYAs provided usability testing of CAE-AYA. The randomized controlled trial is testing the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CAE-AYA vs enhanced treatment as usual in 40 AYAs (ages 16-21 years) with BD and suboptimal adherence. The primary outcome is change from baseline in adherence assessed with the Tablets Routine Questionnaire and electronic adherence monitoring. Secondary outcomes include mental illness symptoms, quality of life, and the posited mechanisms of adherence change as it relates to the adherence barriers of inadequate bipolar knowledge, poor communication with clinicians/family, unstable medication routines, and risky behaviors. Significant factors affecting adherence in AYAs include gender, race, polypharmacy, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, family functioning, medication side effects, stability of bipolar diagnosis, and number of follow-up visits. Qualitative findings noted similar issues, as well as challenges in shared decision making in BD management with parents/guardians. Usability testing of CAE-AYA modules revealed the need to have matched language with developmental level (eg, teenager vs young adult) and appealing visual images to enhance engagement. Adherence promotion often requires a multipronged approach and ideally addresses adherence barriers specific to an individual and their family and support network. Ongoing randomized controlled trial outcomes will inform next steps in further developing effective adherence promotion approaches for high-risk BD youth.

Hospitality employees’ emotions in the workplace: a systematic review of recent literature

PurposeThis systematic review synthesizes the recent literature (2010–2020) on hospitality employees’ emotions, affect and moods. This study has three objectives: to clarify the definitions of emotions, affect and moods; to explain how theories are integrated into understanding hospitality employees’ emotions, affect and moods; and to assess how emotions, affect and moods are measured.Design/methodology/approachUsing seven major databases, the authors selected 61 peer-reviewed academic journal articles published in hospitality outlets for review. We based our study on five stages of conducting a systematic review: scoping, planning, identification, screening and eligibility.FindingsAffect is an umbrella term encompassing moods and emotions. Emotions are distinct from emotion-laden constructs, such as emotional labor and emotional intelligence. Theories on conservation of resources, emotional labor and social exchange have been most frequently used to understand hospitality employees’ emotions. However, they overlooked the dynamic nature of emotions when using these theories. Hospitality researchers often used a subset of the positive and negative affect scale and did not discuss back-translation.Practical implicationsHospitality employees’ emotions lead to far-reaching consequences in attitudes, intentions and behaviors in work and non-work domains. Effective practices (e.g. creating a supportive climate) that help evoke positive employee emotions and reduce negative employee emotions are thus desirable.Originality/valueOur findings crystallize the understanding of emotions, affect and moods of hospitality employees. We further provide a roadmap for future research on hospitality employees’ emotions. Data triangulation, cross-cultural research and mixed emotions are novel opportunities for future research.

Strategies for safe prescribing of antipsychotics for youth

Clinicians have been urged to use guidelines for metabolic screening for their pediatric patients who need antipsychotics, but many are not doing so. A recent systematic literature review of studies, which attempted to improve risk screening practices, focused on strategies used to influence screening practices. Clearly, screening for risk is essential, but exactly how it should be done is unclear. There are guidelines, but there is a “gap” between the guidelines and practice.