REVIEWS 585 entity,particularly the ZUNR (pp. 98-101, 115-16),which inmany respects prefigured theJewish integration into the Bolshevik regime. As much as the author makes a determined effort to adhere to his time period and avoid sweeping generalizations, this book also illuminates dimen sions of subsequent Jewish history that have been somewhat enigmatic. For instance, Prusin's study helps explain why the Bolsheviks emerged as the better alternative, in many Jews' eyes, despite the earlier severe reservations about their radicalism. From the perspective of theHolocaust, thisbook also underscores the extent to which state policies such as expulsion in 'boxcars' (p. 51), 'epidemics' (p. 43), forced labour, collective punishment, and even con centration camps (p. 59) were not all that shocking when they emerged in the context of Nazism. Ironically, this interpretation also underscores the fact that the German state and army were among the least antisemitic forces in the heated World War I atmosphere (pp. 67-68), despite the fact that the govern ment conducted a 'census' to establish thatJews were shirkingwar duty. Prusin also exposes the background of the complex discourse on Jews and criminality in Galicia that the Nazis were able to exploit as their policies evolved from persecution to genocide (pp. 18, 33, 40, 55, 68, 84, 87-90). The author suggests this comparison in his conclusion that however much ' [A]ntiJewish violence was an inseparable part of the Russification and Polonization drives [...] neither theRussian nor thePolish militaries espoused an ideology of extermination' (p. 116). This book's brevity isboth a strengthand a weakness. Given thewide base of sources and adversarial nature of the accounts it is fittingthat the study is limited as it is.For themost part the author has succeeded inpressing his case, such as inhis analysis of theLwow pogrom (pp. 81-86). Yet with 118pages of text this isperhaps too short.Certainly German, Austrian, and Israeli archives could have been consulted, and more use might have been made of recent secondary literature on the conduct of the war. For example, there are large collections of documents and correspondence of some of themembers of the Komitee f?r den Osten, such asMax Bodenheimer and Nahum Goldmann, inJerusalem's Central Zionist Archive, which would have allowed the author to consider to a larger extent the reality of Jewish agency in the conflict (p. 68). The scholarship of Oleg Bugnitskii concerning alleged Jewish 'snipers' and 'assassins' would likewise have complemented several sections of Prusin's 'stimulis quality' account (pp. 27n.). These reservations aside, this is a commendable, impressive monograph. Department of Hebrew andJewish Studies Michael Berkowitz University CollegeLondon Viola, L., Danilov, V. P., Ivnitskii,N. A. and Kozlov, D. (eds). The War Against the Peasantry ig2y-igjo: The Tragedy of the SovietCountryside. Annals ofCom munism. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT and London, 2005. xx + 427 pp. Biographical notes. Index of documents. Notes. Index. ?27.50. The War Against The Peasantry contains translations of a selection of docu ments from the first two volumes of themajor Russian publication of sources 586 SEER, 85, 3, JULY 2OO7 on collectivization (Tragediia Sovetskoi Derevni: Kollektivizatsiia i raskulachivanie. Dokumenty i materialy v 5 tomakhig2?-igjg, V. Danilov et al. eds, Moscow, 1999-2004). The book under review, however, is a distinct volume in itsown right. The documents are supplemented by a new introduction, new introduc tory essays to each section, and useful notes and glossaries. The editors have been very selective. Of the 551 documents in the two Russian volumes, seventy-eight have been selected for translation. Most are from archives. A few, for example the decree of 5 January 1930 on wholesale collectivization, were published at the time, and others, such as the decree of 30 January 1930 on the liquidation of kulaks, appeared in print after 1990. A very small number of key documents already available in translation have been included, for example Stalin's famous articles: 'The Year of theGreat Turn' ofNovem ber 1929 and 'Dizzy with Success' ofMarch 1930. The largest number of documents are from central and regional Communist Party sources; others were generated by theOGPU, government bodies, the police and military. The volume presents a particular interpretation: 'the archival materials [...] document the birth...