Recent Results Research Articles

Non-contact Testing of Large Concrete Structures for Voids and Delaminations

Concrete is the most used construction material for civil engineering structures, as it is reliable, cost-efficient, and long lasting. Infrastructure made of reinforced concrete can be used for many decades, provided that maintenance is rigorous. The necessary periodic checks are typically manual tasks, including visual inspection for defects on the outside and hammering to find internal voids and imminent spalling. In this a paper, a non-contact system for automated inspection is presented. Two parallel lasers are used with a scanning head on a mobile platform to cover large areas. The first laser emits a high energy pulse, igniting plasma on the surface and subsequently inducing a shock wave into the structure. The second laser measures the resulting vibration. Signal analysis of individual measurement points give a first indication about the presence of faults. Unsupervised learning and visual computing are used to find and narrow down damaged areas in the scanning data with higher probability. After systematic testing in the laboratory, measurements were conducted recently in two tunnels with concrete linings. This paper provides an overview of the developed hardware and signal analysis techniques. Furthermore, the recent verification results are presented for the first time. In future, the proposed method can be combined with geometric scans and automated optical inspection of the surface to offer a holistic inspection approach and relieve the authorities that are responsible for operation and maintenance of the growing number of aging infrastructures.

Topological endomorphism rings of tilting complexes

AbstractIn a compactly generated triangulated category, we introduce a class of tilting objects satisfying a certain purity condition. We call these the decent tilting objects and show that the tilting heart induced by any such object is equivalent to a category of contramodules over the endomorphism ring of the tilting object endowed with a natural linear topology. This extends the recent result for n‐tilting modules by Positselski and Št'ovíček. In the setting of the derived category of modules over a ring, we show that the decent tilting complexes are precisely the silting complexes such that their character dual is cotilting. The hearts of cotilting complexes of cofinite type turn out to be equivalent to the category of discrete modules with respect to the same topological ring. Finally, we provide a kind of Morita theory in this setting: Decent tilting complexes correspond to pairs consisting of a tilting and a cotilting‐derived equivalence as described above tied together by a tensor compatibility condition.

Application of superthermal light to imaging and quantum communication protocols

The development of quantum technologies based on optical platforms demands an adequate engineering of the employed quantum states of light. In this framework, we show that superthermal states generated by sending a coherent beam through a sequence of two diffusers in cascade represent good candidates for different applications. Here, we summarize some recent results achieved exploiting this kind of light and show that it can be used to realize a differential ghost-imaging scheme and to encode information in an underwater communication protocol based on mesoscopic twin-beam states and photon-number-resolving detectors. The good quality of the experimental results suggests further investigations on the possible application of this kind of light to different contexts.

Predicting the Emergence of Localised Dihedral Patterns in Models for Dryland Vegetation

Localised patterns are often observed in models for dryland vegetation, both as peaks of vegetation in a desert state and as gaps within a vegetated state, known as ‘fairy circles’. Recent results from radial spatial dynamics show that approximations of localised patterns with dihedral symmetry emerge from a Turing instability in general reaction–diffusion systems, which we apply to several vegetation models. We present a systematic guide for finding such patterns in a given reaction–diffusion model, during which we obtain four key quantities that allow us to predict the qualitative properties of our solutions with minimal analysis. We consider four well-established vegetation models and compute their key predictive quantities, observing that models which possess similar values exhibit qualitatively similar localised patterns; we then complement our results with numerical simulations of various localised states in each model. Here, localised vegetation patches emerge generically from Turing instabilities and act as transient states between uniform and patterned environments, displaying complex dynamics as they evolve over time.

Giant graviton expansion of Schur index and quasimodular forms

The flavored superconformal Schur index of N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 4 U(N) SYM has finite N corrections encoded in its giant graviton expansion in terms of D3 branes wrapped in AdS5 × S5. The key element of this decomposition is the non-trivial index of the theory living on the wrapped brane system. A remarkable feature of the Schur limit is that the brane index is an analytic continuation of the flavored index of N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 4 U(n) SYM, where n is the total brane wrapping number. We exploit recent exact results about the Schur index of N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 4 U(N) SYM to evaluate the closed form of the brane indices appearing in the giant graviton expansion. Away from the unflavored limit, they are characterized by quasimodular forms providing exact information at all orders in the index universal fugacity. As an application of these results, we present novel exact expressions for the giant graviton expansion of the unflavored Schur index in a class of four dimensional N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 2 theories with equal central charges a = c, i.e. the non-Lagrangian theories Γ̂SUN\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\hat{\\Gamma}\\left(\ extrm{SU}(N)\\right) $$\\end{document} with Γ = E6, E7, E8.

JWST detections of amorphous and crystalline HDO ice toward massive protostars

Tracing the origin and evolution of interstellar water is key to understanding many of the physical and chemical processes involved in star and planet formation. Deuterium fractionation offers a window into the physicochemical history of water due to its sensitivity to local conditions. The aim of this work is to utilize the increased sensitivity and resolution of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to quantify the HDO/H$_ $O ratio in ices toward young stellar objects (YSOs) and to determine if the HDO/H$_ $O ratios measured in the gas phase toward massive YSOs (MYSOs) are representative of the ratios in their ice envelopes. Two protostars observed in the Investigating Protostellar Accretion (IPA) program using JWST NIRSpec were analyzed: HOPS 370, an intermediate-mass YSO (IMYSO), and IRAS 20126+4104, a MYSO. The HDO ice toward these sources was quantified via its 4.1 mu m band. The contributions from the CH$_ $OH combination modes to the observed optical depth in this spectral region were constrained via the CH$_ $OH 3.53 mu m band to ensure that the integrated optical depth of the HDO feature was not overestimated. H$_ $O ice was quantified via its 3 mu m band. New laboratory IR spectra of ice mixtures containing HDO, H$_ $O, CH$_ $OH, and CO were collected to aid in the fitting and chemical interpretation of the observed spectra. HDO ice is detected above the 3sigma level in both sources. It requires a minimum of two components, one amorphous and one crystalline, to obtain satisfactory fits. The H$_ $O ice band at 3 mu m similarly requires both amorphous and crystalline components. The observed peak positions of the crystalline HDO component are consistent with those of annealed laboratory ices, which could be evidence of heating and subsequent recooling of the ice envelope (i.e., thermal cycling). The CH$_ $OH 3.53 mu m band is fit best with two cold components, one consisting of pure CH$_ $OH and the other of CH$_ $OH in an H$_ $O-rich mixture. From these fits, ice HDO/H$_ $O abundance ratios of 4.6pm 1.8times 10$^ $ and 2.6pm 1.2times 10$^ $ are obtained for HOPS 370 and IRAS 20126+4104, respectively. The simultaneous detections of both crystalline HDO and crystalline H$_ $O corroborate the assignment of the observed feature at 4.1 mu m to HDO ice. The ice HDO/H$_ $O ratios are similar to the highest reported gas HDO/H$_ $O ratios measured toward MYSOs and the hot inner regions of isolated low-mass protostars, suggesting that at least some of the gas HDO/H$_ $O ratios measured toward massive hot cores are representative of the HDO/H$_ $O ratios in ices. The need for an H$_ $O-rich CH$_ $OH component in the CH$_ $OH ice analysis supports recent experimental and observational results that indicate that some CH$_ $OH ice may form prior to the CO freeze-out stage in H$_ $O-rich ice layers.

Physical design and recent experimental results of the new ICRF antenna on EAST

Two new ICRF antennas operating in the ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) range have been developed for EAST to overcome the low coupling problem of the original antennas. The original ICRF antennas were limited in their power capacity due to insufficient coupling. The new antenna design takes into account both wave coupling and absorption processes through comprehensive wave coupling and absorption codes, with the dominant parallel wave number of 7.5 m−1 at dipole phasing. Through the use of these new ICRF antennas, we are able to achieve 3.8 MW output power and 360 s operation, respectively. The initial experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the antenna design method.

Precessing and periodic timelike orbits and their potential applications in Einsteinian cubic gravity

Einsteinian cubic gravity (ECG) is the most general theory up to cubic order in curvature, which has the same graviton spectrum as the Einstein theory. In this paper, we investigate the geodesic motions of timelike particles around the four dimensional asymptotically flat black holes in ECG, and discuss their potential applications when connecting them with recent observational results. We first explore the effects of the cubic couplings on the marginally bound orbits (MBO), innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) and on the periodic orbits around the Einsteinian cubic black hole. We find that comparing to Schwarzschild black hole in general relativity, the cubic coupling enhances the energy as well as the angular momentum for all the bound orbits of the particles. Then, we derive the relativistic periastron precessions of the particles and give a preliminary bound on the cubic coupling employing the observational result of the S2 star’s pericenter precession in SgrA*. Finally, after calculating the periodic orbits’ configurations, we preliminarily evaluate the gravitational waveform radiated from several periodic orbits in one complete period of a test object which orbits a supermassive Einsteinian cubic black hole. Our studies could be helpful for us to better understand the gravitational structure of the theory with high curvatures.

Critical Review of Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production Pathways

In light of growing concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions and the increasingly severe impacts of climate change, the global situation demands immediate action to transition towards sustainable energy solutions. In this sense, hydrogen could play a fundamental role in the energy transition, offering a potential clean and versatile energy carrier. This paper reviews the recent results of Life Cycle Assessment studies of different hydrogen production pathways, which are trying to define the routes that can guarantee the least environmental burdens. Steam methane reforming was considered as the benchmark for Global Warming Potential, with an average emission of 11 kgCO2eq/kgH2. Hydrogen produced from water electrolysis powered by renewable energy (green H2) or nuclear energy (pink H2) showed the average lowest impacts, with mean values of 2.02 kgCO2eq/kgH2 and 0.41 kgCO2eq/kgH2, respectively. The use of grid electricity to power the electrolyzer (yellow H2) raised the mean carbon footprint up to 17.2 kgCO2eq/kgH2, with a peak of 41.4 kgCO2eq/kgH2 in the case of countries with low renewable energy production. Waste pyrolysis and/or gasification presented average emissions three times higher than steam methane reforming, while the recourse to residual biomass and biowaste significantly lowered greenhouse gas emissions. The acidification potential presents comparable results for all the technologies studied, except for biomass gasification which showed significantly higher and more scattered values. Regarding the abiotic depletion potential (mineral), the main issue is the lack of an established recycling strategy, especially for electrolysis technologies that hamper the inclusion of the End of Life stage in LCA computation. Whenever data were available, hotspots for each hydrogen production process were identified.

#1370 Frailty prevalence and short-term outcomes among younger end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Abstract Background and Aims Frailty is a medical condition of reduced function and health, or a state of heightened risk for catastrophic decline in vitality and function which is evident among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. There has been only limited data regarding its occurrence in the younger age group since most of the published frailty studies involved the elderly as their study population. It is important to identify who among the younger hemodialysis patients are frail, since frailty is related to a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of frailty among younger ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis using the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) and its association with short-term outcomes: hospital consultations, use of emergency room services, hospitalizations, and mortality. Method A prospective single-center cohort study was conducted. All ESRD patients aged 18-64 years old on maintenance hemodialysis on an outpatient basis were included. Data collection included the patients’ demographic data, underlying diseases, comorbid conditions, body mass index, and recent laboratory results. The EFS was administered during the first month of the study, and patients were then monitored for consultations, use of emergency room services, hospitalizations, and mortality in the succeeding months until the end of the study period. Results Out of 166 ESRD patients, 94 belong to the younger age group and 87 patients were included: 33 (37.9%) were frail, 21 (24.1%) were vulnerable, and 33 (37.9%) were fit. Chronic Glomerulonephritis was the leading cause of ESRD in the younger population, and Diabetic Nephropathy was the primary cause among those categorized as frail. Hypertension was the predominant comorbid condition across all categories. Frail patients had the greatest number of hospital consultations (54%) and had frequent utilization of emergency room services. They also exhibited the highest number of hospitalizations consisting 69% of the total admissions across all categories. All deaths in this study came from the patients categorized as frail. Conclusion Frailty is prevalent among younger ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis and is associated with increased risk for hospital consultation, use of emergency room services, hospitalization, and mortality.

Focus on Sjögren's syndrome - Diagnosis and treatment

In the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome the Salivary gland sonography (SGUS) has become established and can lead to a higher specificity of the applicable classification criteria. The OMERACT score is used to objectify the SGUS findings. In laboratory diagnostics, the subspecification of anti-SSA/Ro antibodies, but possibly also new biomarkers, are becoming increasingly important regarding diagnostic safety and the expected manifestations. When it comes to prevention, it has been shown that not only psychological stress, but also cardiovascular risk and the risk of lymphoma allow high-risk patients to be identified more precisely in the future. Using cluster analyses, various phenotype groups could be identified to which clinical parameters could be assigned. In 2020, therapy recommendations were published that are based on the clinical manifestations of SjS and recommend medications that are also used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis. A particularly large number of therapeutic approaches are dedicated to the B cell: Rituximab and Belimumab have been included in the EULAR recommendations for serious manifestations and Ianalumab has a promising effect. Another focus of current research is the inhibition of co-stimulation between immune cells. After recent disappointing results for Abatacept, clinical trials show promising effects on Iscalimab and Dazodalibep.

Corruption-Robust Exploration in Episodic Reinforcement Learning

We initiate the study of episodic reinforcement learning (RL) under adversarial corruptions in both the rewards and the transition probabilities of the underlying system, extending recent results for the special case of multiarmed bandits. We provide a framework that modifies the aggressive exploration enjoyed by existing reinforcement learning approaches based on optimism in the face of uncertainty by complementing them with principles from action elimination. Importantly, our framework circumvents the major challenges posed by naively applying action elimination in the RL setting, as formalized by a lower bound we demonstrate. Our framework yields efficient algorithms that (a) attain near-optimal regret in the absence of corruptions and (b) adapt to unknown levels of corruption, enjoying regret guarantees that degrade gracefully in the total corruption encountered. To showcase the generality of our approach, we derive results for both tabular settings (where states and actions are finite) and linear Markov decision process settings (where the dynamics and rewards admit a linear underlying representation). Notably, our work provides the first sublinear regret guarantee that accommodates any deviation from purely independent and identically distributed transitions in the bandit-feedback model for episodic reinforcement learning. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2021.0202 .

On Tracking Varying Bounds When Forecasting Bounded Time Series

We consider a new framework where a continuous, though bounded, random variable has unobserved bounds that vary over time. In the context of univariate time series, we look at the bounds as parameters of the distribution of the bounded random variable. We introduce an extended log-likelihood estimation and design algorithms to track the bound through online maximum likelihood estimation. Since the resulting optimization problem is not convex, we make use of recent theoretical results on stochastic quasiconvex optimization, to eventually derive an Online Normalized Gradient Descent algorithm. We illustrate and discuss the workings of our approach based on both simulation studies and a real-world wind power forecasting problem.

Decays of radially excited vector mesons ρ′ and ω′ in the extended NJL model

The decay widths of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are recalculated within the extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) quark model. It is shown that the mass of [Formula: see text] meson derived in the NJL model agrees with the one given in Particle Data Group tables but significantly deviates from the recent result of CMD-3 collaboration. Comparisons with earlier theoretical results are presented.

Towards Robust Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is at the heart of large-scale distributed machine learning paradigms such as federated learning (FL). In these applications, the task of training high-dimensional weight vectors is distributed among several workers that exchange information over networks of limited bandwidth. While parallelization at such an immense scale helps to reduce the computational burden, it creates several other challenges: delays, asynchrony, and most importantly, a significant communication bottleneck. The popularity and success of SGD can be attributed in no small part to the fact that it is extremely robust to such deviations from ideal operating conditions. Inspired by these findings, we ask: Are common reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms also robust to similarly structured perturbations? Perhaps surprisingly, despite the recent surge of interest in multi-agent/federated RL, almost nothing is known about the above question. This paper collects some of our recent results in filling this void.

Plastid phylogenomics and cytonuclear discordance in Rubioideae, Rubiaceae.

In this study of evolutionary relationships in the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae), we take advantage of the off-target proportion of reads generated via previous target capture sequencing projects based on nuclear genomic data to build a plastome phylogeny and investigate cytonuclear discordance. The assembly of off-target reads resulted in a comprehensive plastome dataset and robust inference of phylogenetic relationships, where most intratribal and intertribal relationships are resolved with strong support. While the phylogenetic results were mostly in agreement with previous studies based on plastome data, novel relationships in the plastid perspective were also detected. For example, our analyses of plastome data provide strong support for the SCOUT clade and its sister relationship to the remaining members of the subfamily, which differs from previous results based on plastid data but agrees with recent results based on nuclear genomic data. However, several instances of highly supported cytonuclear discordance were identified across the Rubioideae phylogeny. Coalescent simulation analysis indicates that while ILS could, by itself, explain the majority of the discordant relationships, plastome introgression may be the better explanation in some cases. Our study further indicates that plastomes across the Rubioideae are, with few exceptions, highly conserved and mainly conform to the structure, gene content, and gene order present in the majority of the flowering plants.

Bifonazole: a missing case of polymorphism

AbstractBifonazole, an imidazole-based antifungal drug, can be easily amorphized and crystallizes upon reheating at moderate scanning rate. Driven by recent results in literature reporting for this compound the appearance of polymorphism under different thermal histories, the present study presents an extensive calorimetric characterization of bifonazole in its crystalline and amorphous state. A rich scenario in crystallization behaviour has been found, implying that the behaviour observed on reheating scans can strongly depend on the previous thermal history and on the distribution in number and size of crystalline regions. In particular, the decrease in melting enthalpy during reheating, related to the increase of the heating rate, can be stated to be the result of a partial crystallization of the sample. Additionally, the temperature intervals more favourable to crystal nucleation and growth, respectively, have been determined, thanks to the choice of ad hoc time–temperature profiles. Finally, also the nucleation occurrence in time at high temperature has been investigated using a suitable DSC protocol. The overall results show how complex can be the cold-crystallization behaviour of a molecular liquid.

Oscillating latent dynamics in robot systems during walking and reaching.

Sensorimotor control of complex, dynamic systems such as humanoids or quadrupedal robots is notoriously difficult. While artificial systems traditionally employ hierarchical optimisation approaches or black-box policies, recent results in systems neuroscience suggest that complex behaviours such as locomotion and reaching are correlated with limit cycles in the primate motor cortex. A recent result suggests that, when applied to a learned latent space, oscillating patterns of activation can be used to control locomotion in a physical robot. While reminiscent of limit cycles observed in primate motor cortex, these dynamics are unsurprising given the cyclic nature of the robot's behaviour (walking). In this preliminary investigation, we consider how a similar approach extends to a less obviously cyclic behaviour (reaching). This has been explored in prior work using computational simulations. But simulations necessarily make simplifying assumptions that do not necessarily correspond to reality, so do not trivially transfer to real robot platforms. Our primary contribution is to demonstrate that we can infer and control real robot states in a learnt representation using oscillatory dynamics during reaching tasks. We further show that the learned latent representation encodes interpretable movements in the robot's workspace. Compared to robot locomotion, the dynamics that we observe for reaching are not fully cyclic, as they do not begin and end at the same position of latent space. However, they do begin to trace out the shape of a cycle, and, by construction, they are driven by the same underlying oscillatory mechanics.

Radical bound for Zaremba's conjecture

AbstractFamous Zaremba's conjecture (1971) states that for each positive integer , there exists a positive integer , coprime to , such that if you expand a fraction into a continued fraction , all of the coefficients ’s are bounded by some absolute constant , independent of . Zaremba conjectured that this should hold for . In 1986, Niederreiter proved Zaremba's conjecture for numbers of the form with and for with . In this paper, we prove that for each number , there exists , coprime to , such that all of the partial quotients in the continued fraction of are bounded by , where is the radical of an integer number, that is, the product of all distinct prime numbers dividing . In particular, this means that Zaremba's conjecture holds for numbers of the form with , generalizing Neiderreiter's result. Our result also improves upon the recent result by Moshchevitin, Murphy and Shkredov on numbers of the form , where is an arbitrary prime and is sufficiently large.

Abstract B014: FGFR inhibition upregulates Nectin-4 expression in FGFR3 altered urothelial carcinoma

Abstract Bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common malignancy and remains a significant cause of mortality; however, in recent years there have been substantial advances in the treatment of metastatic UC (mUC). This includes the approval of the antibody drug conjugate (ADC) enfortumab vedotin, which targets Nectin-4, and the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor erdafitinib (in FGFR2/3 altered tumors). Despite the impressive efficacy of these agents, most patients will ultimately develop progressive disease, underlining the need for further therapeutic development. Previous work has demonstrated that NECTIN4 expression and FGFR3 alterations are enriched in luminal subtypes of UC and NECTIN4 expression is higher in FGFR altered tumors. We validate these findings in scRNAseq from primary tumors as well as bulk RNAseq from murine models. Given the positive correlation between NECTIN4 and FGFR3 alterations we hypothesized that FGFR3 inhibition would downregulate Nectin-4 expression. To our surprise we found in vitro treatment with erdafitinib in cell lines with FGFR3 fusion proteins (RT112, RT4, SW780) lead to an increase in Nectin-4 protein levels. Additionally, in vitro FGFR inhibition in the UMUC-14 cell line which harbors an FGFR3S249C hotspot mutation, upregulates Nectin-4 protein levels. To further investigate this phenomenon, we engineered the FGFR3 WT cell line, 5637 to overexpress FGFR3-TACC3 or FGFR3S249C. We saw that FGFR3-TACC3 and FGFR3S249C overexpression both down regulated Nectin-4 indicating that FGFR3 activity negatively regulates Nectin-4 expression. We have also investigated the association between FGFR inhibition and Nectin-4 expression in two in vivo models: (1) in a xenograft model using the RT112 line we found an overall increase in Nectin-4 expression in tumors treated with a 5-day course of erdafitinib; (2) in a UPFL1 (a cell line derived from a genetically engineered mouse with a S249C mutation) syngeneic model we also saw an increase in Nectin-4 expression after erdafitinib treatment. We have observed that the increase in Nectin-4 expression persists in vitro even after withdrawal of erdafitinib treatment, indicating that intermittent dosing of erdafitinib maybe be sufficient to prime a tumor for Nectin-4 targeted therapy. Lastly, preliminary in vitro investigation of the combination of erdafitinib and enfortumab vedotin in RT112 cells showed synergy, particularly with lower doses of both agents, providing further support of our hypothesis that FGFR3 inhibition may act to sensitize UC to Nectin-4 ADC therapy. A potential synergistic relationship is further supported by the recent results of the phase 1 trial investigating the combination of erdafitinib plus enfortumab vedotin in which the objective response rate was 100% (9/9 patients: 8 PRs & 1CR). Citation Format: Sean Clark-Garvey, Mi Zhou, Michael Sturdivant, Wolfgang Beckabir, Lucia Kim, E. Drew Toomer, Ian McCabe, Akihiro Hamada, Daniel Crona, Jeffrey S. Damrauer, William Y. Kim. FGFR inhibition upregulates Nectin-4 expression in FGFR3 altered urothelial carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr B014.