Recent Decline Research Articles

RFM Segmentation Analysis for Determine Online Marketing Strategy: the Soul Coffee Mate Case Study

This study explores the impact of digital marketing on a cafe named The Soul, located in Jakarta. The cafe experienced a recent decline in sales attributed to factors such as new competitors, closures of nearby establishments, diminishing trends in working from cafes, and changes in customer demographics. Recognizing the need for a robust online marketing strategy, researchers aim to analyze customer segmentation using the RFM model, focusing on Recency, Frequency, and Monetary aspects of transactions over the past 11 months. The goal is to understand customer behavior, design effective online marketing strategies, and ultimately boost the company's revenue. The RFM analysis results identified eight customer segments for The Soul: Soulmate, Loyal Customers, Potential Loyalists, Promising, New User, At Risk, Can't Lose Them, and Hibernating. Proposed strategies include personalized promotions for different customer segments, such as monthly appreciation for "Soulmate" customers, discounts for loyal customers, and targeted communication for new or inactive users. These strategies aim to enhance customer engagement, loyalty, and satisfaction through digital promotions and personalized interactions. Keywords: Cafe Business, Customer Behavior, Customer Segmentation, Customer Loyalty, Digital Marketing, Online Promotion, RFM Model, Sales Analysis

Factors Associated With Recent Decline in Anal Health Among Older Gay and Bisexual Men: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

We investigated factors associated with "worse than usual" anal health among gay and bisexual men aged ≥35 years recruited to a longitudinal study of anal human papillomavirus infection/lesions from September 2010 to August 2015.Among 616 participants (median age 49 years; 36% HIV-positive), 42 (6.8%) reported worse than usual anal health in the last 4 weeks. Associated factors included spending less time with gay friends (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.06-4.77), most time "feeling down"(OR = 9.17, 95% CI = 2.94-28.59), reduced libido (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.52-5.52), current anal symptoms (OR = 6.55, 95% CI = 2.54-16.90), recent anal wart diagnosis (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.98-9.49), and fear of developing anal cancer (OR = 9.34, 95% CI = 4.52-19.28).Concerns regarding anal health should be routinely discussed by clinicians, and potentially associated psychosocial, physical, and sexual issues further explored.

Revisiting the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma 4S: 30 years of institutional experience and systematic review

Background and purposeNeuroblastoma 4S is a rare subtype of metastatic neuroblastoma found in children younger than 12 months, characterized by liver, skin, or bone marrow metastases. While the prognosis for patients is generally favorable, rapid progression of liver metastases can lead to life-threatening organ insufficiency. In such cases, immediate treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy is necessary. Given the recent decline in radiotherapy utilization, this study aims to reassess its role, evaluating its effectiveness and toxicity. Materials and methodsWe conducted a systematic review and an institutional retrospective analysis to assess the use of radiotherapy for hepatomegaly in patients with neuroblastoma 4S. The study included data from 164 patients from the literature and 16 patients from our institutional cohort. We extracted and analyzed data on short- and long-term outcomes, as well as reports of radiotherapy-induced toxicity. ResultsOur institutional data showed that 81 % of patients responded to low-dose radiotherapy administered at a median dose of 450 cGy in three fractions, resulting in liver shrinkage and symptom resolution. Based on the systematic review, 1-year survival rate was 80 %, while 5-year survival rate was 75 %. No serious toxicity was observed with the current low-dose radiotherapy; however, one case of induced secondary malignancy was reported. ConclusionRadiation therapy is an effective treatment modality for hepatomegaly in patients with neuroblastoma 4S, with a success rate of about 80 %. Despite being administered to infants, a low dose of 450–600 cGy does not result in toxicity related to the kidneys, liver, or posture defects.

Discovering fine flavour in Asian single‐origin cocoa: fast GC electronic‐nose aroma fingerprinting of cocoa liquors and consumer acceptability of Tablea in the Philippines

SummaryThe recent global cocoa supply decline calls for investigating disease‐resistant and single‐origin cocoa varieties in Asia. While genetic analysis has identified promising clones, information on bean quality and flavour remains limited. This research aims to analyse quality attributes of single‐origin cocoa beans and key volatile organic compounds in cocoa liquors and to determine consumer acceptability of indigenous cocoa beverage (Tablea) from single‐origin cocoa in the Philippines. Aroma fingerprinting of cocoa clones (UF18, BR25, W10) using fast GC electronic nose revealed distinctive profiles. Cocoa clone UF18 exhibited high‐fat content (52.1%), surpassing African cocoa clones. Even more important is the discovery of elevated levels of desirable volatile compounds in cocoa clone W10 such as methyl decanoate (fruity) and phenylacetaldehyde (honey, floral), which marks the first study that identified fine aroma components in single‐origin cocoa beans in Asia. Harnessing potential of these cocoa clones ensures consumer acceptability of the cocoa beverage Tablea.

Reintroducing Atlantic salmon in the river Rhine for decades: Why did it not result in the return of a viable population?

AbstractFreshwater species biodiversity is under threat. The average global decline for migratory fish species is estimated to be more than 75% since 1970. Atlantic salmon is one of these species with a steep decline in north‐western Europe and it even went extinct in the river Rhine in the 1950s. The causes for this decline have been posted to habitat loss, pollution, climate change and overfishing. Annual stocking in the Rhine since the late 1980s resulted in an initial increase in the Atlantic salmon numbers after which numbers collapsed again. In this paper, we lay out the recent decline, estimate losses of smolts and adults at different sections in the freshwater habitat and elaborate on potential causes of the recent decline and these losses. We found that the salmon population of the river Rhine has declined rapidly over the past two decades, with a current estimated spawning population of only ~350–800 individuals. The percentage of salmon smolts returning as adults to spawning grounds is estimated at 0.5%–0.6%, well below the 3% supposedly needed to maintain a self‐sustaining population. Many individuals disappear during their migrations, with the highest percentage of smolts disappearing in the German tributaries (44%) and the Dutch lower Rhine (71%), while the percentage of disappearing adults is highest in both the Dutch (74%) and the German (78%) Rhine. Causes for the losses per river section remain unclear and possible threats, some specific to the river Rhine, are being discussed. The large losses of smolts and adults in inland waters, compared with open sea losses, indicate that restocking the river Rhine might only result in a self‐sustaining population with more ecological restoration than carried out so far along the intensively shipped and highly regulated river course and associated high levels of predation, and might be increasingly limited by future climate change.

Public investment, infrastructure and private investment in Brazil: is there a crowding-in effect?

PurposeOur study aims to evaluate the impact of infrastructure and public investment on private investment in machinery and equipment in Brazil from 1947 to 2017. The contribution of our article to the existing literature lies in providing a more comprehensive understanding of the presence or absence of the crowding effect in the Brazilian economy by leveraging an extensive historical database. Our central argument posits that the recent decline in private capital accumulation over the last few decades can be attributed to shifts in economic policies – moving from a developmentalist orientation to nondevelopmental guidance since the early 1990s, which is reflected in the diminished levels of public investment and infrastructure since the 1980s.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a series of econometric regressions utilizing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model as our chosen econometric methodology.FindingsEmploying two different variables to measure public investment and infrastructure, our results – robust across various specifications – have substantiated the existence of a crowding-in effect in Brazil over the examined period. Thus, we have empirical evidence indicating that the state has influenced private capital accumulation in the Brazilian economy over the past decades.Originality/valueOur article contributes to the existing literature by offering a more comprehensive understanding of the crowding effect in the Brazilian economy, utilizing an extensive historical database.

A dendrochronological examination of a recent decline of chestnut oak across southern Indiana

Oak (Quercus) species are a major component of much of the eastern forest. Unfortunately, multiple species have experienced well-documented episodes of decline and mortality over the past century. A mortality event in chestnut oak (Q. prinus) across southern Indiana in 2016 sparked concern about the health of chestnut oak, leading to an effort to identify factors that triggered and contributed to the event. We evaluated stand conditions, tested for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi, and collected tree cores from chestnut oak trees within diseased stands and nearby healthy stands. We found no evidence that P. cinnamomi was associated with mortality. Instead, our dendrochronological analysis suggests that a series of dry June conditions followed by wet March conditions weakened vulnerable trees, allowing the exceptional drought in 2012 to incite decline. Greater basal area increment prior to growth decline, along with a higher probability of decline on mesic north-northeastern slopes, suggest that vulnerable individuals may have been those that preferentially allocated carbon into above ground growth at the expense of developing drought resilient root systems.

AKHLAK ATAU ETIKA GURU MENURUT KH AHMAD DAHLAN DAN KH HASYIM ASY’ARI

This research is based on the author's concern regarding the recent decline in teacher morals/ethics. Judging from the large amount of coverage regarding the behavior of individual teachers, such as cases of sexual abuse against several students. The aim of this research is to obtain further information regarding the views of K.H. Ahmad Dahlan and K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari regarding the morals and ethics of an educator. The type of research or model used by the author is a type or form of qualitative research, which takes the form of library research, which is carried out by evaluating several related data, either from primary sources (Primary Sources) or secondary sources (Secondary). The findings from the research show that there are fewer differences and more similarities between the views of K.H. Ahmad Dahlan and K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari regarding the ethics of an educator in the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Meanwhile, the apparent dissimilarity between the two of them regarding teacher ethics lies in Kiai Ahmad Dahlan's perspective on the relationship between teachers and students. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan emphasized the importance of educators being open, with the belief that the teaching and learning process can occur in various places and at any time. Not a few of his students became friends in their struggle, highlighting the importance of openness and a close relationship between a teacher and his students. Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari, on the other hand, shows caution, a teacher must maintain his authority. With the existing differences, the author can conclude that if the elements emphasized by Kiai Ahmad Dahlan al-Haj and Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari al-Haj are combined, a teacher's morals or ethics will be formed that are very positive and perfect each other.

Decadal changes in surface CO2 concentrations and CO2 fluxes in a mountain lake

AbstractClimate warming impacts biogeochemical cycles in lakes. However, the factors controlling CO2 dynamics in mountain lakes over multidecadal scales are poorly understood. Here, we capitalized on long‐term monthly data (1995–2022) of oligotrophic mountain Lake Tovel and calculated surface CO2 concentrations and flux by applying geochemical relationships and the thin boundary layer approach. Advanced time‐series and regression modeling was used to determine temporal patterns and environmental parameters explaining surface CO2 concentrations and flux. Surface CO2 concentrations were highest from 2009 to 2017 (annual mean: 109.1 μmol CO2 L−1) but lower before and after this period. Concomitantly, the air–water CO2 flux (μmol CO2 m−2 d−1) showed a period of lowest (mean1995–2010: 6.4 ± 0.7), highest (mean2011–2017: 35.7 ± 2.1), and intermediate emissions (mean2018–2022: 19.3 ± 4.7). Temporal modeling showed that hypolimnetic and deep hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) had the same change points and trends as surface CO2 concentrations. In multiple linear regression, hypolimnetic DO, silica, and the standardized precipitation index (pseudo‐R2adj. = 0.62; p < 0.01) best predicted annual mean surface CO2 concentrations. Regression results and the overlap between temporal trend patterns indicated that surface CO2 concentrations of Lake Tovel were positively influenced by external (loading of allochthonous carbon) and internal (lake autumn mixing) factors. The recent decline in surface CO2 concentrations from the year 2018 was attributed to increased stratification that offset lake autumn mixing and thus lead to the observed decline. These results help us to better understand the carbon cycle in mountain lakes in a changing climate.

Summer heat induced the decline of Pinus taiwanensis forests at its southern limit in humid Subtropical China

Warming-induced aridity has caused forest decline and mortality for many sites with water-limiting conditions. However, equatorward rear-edge Pinus taiwanensis trees at the Daiyun Mountains in humid subtropical China are also suffering die-backs and decline, but the roles played by heat or drought stress still remain unclear. Here, we compared the tree-ring radial width, anatomical features, stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) between die-back and healthy trees to elucidate potential causes driving the decline. Die-back trees showed sustained growth reductions and produced tracheids with thinner cell walls over the recent decade, indicative of reduced carbon assimilation. The climate response pattern and Vaganov-Shashkin (V-S) model indicated the critical role of summer (June-August) temperature in recent growth decline. Long-term higher wood δ13C and iWUE within die-back trees indicated that actual growth decline already started several decades earlier. This conservative growth strategy was at the cost of low efficiency of photosynthesis due to chronic stomatal closure. When the lethal heatwaves arrived, these weakened trees were not able to access sufficient carbonhydrates to maintain metabolism, causing a distinct decline and mortality. We concluded that recent decline in Pinus taiwanensis trees was mainly caused by long-term carbon starvation.

Crop diversification and income of agricultural households in India: an empirical analysis

The present study empirically tests the relationship between crop diversification and farm income. The study area is India, the fifth largest economy of the world, and the units of study are its households which dominates India’s labor force. The propensity score matching technique is applied on the two waves of nationally representative data on agricultural households pertaining to agricultural year 2012–13 & 2018–19 to test the relationship between crop diversification and farm income. We find a strong and positive impact of crop diversification on farm income as farm income increases by around 13 per cent if non-diversified households opt for crop diversification. Furthermore, important factors such as literacy, access to market, access to irrigation, agricultural training, farming experience, and household size positively affects crop diversification at the household level. However, recent decline in the extent of diversification in India is a cause for concern. Promotion of cultivation of HVCs by giving them such institutional supports as initial capital required for switch to HVCs and other steps that insulates them from higher risks is the need of the hour in Indian agriculture.

Analisis Profil Konsumen Menggunakan Empathy Map Pada Startup Prove Fragrance

In Indonesia, the cosmetics industry has experienced significant revenue growth in recent years, including in the perfume product category. One of the local brands that has emerged is Prove, but the company has experienced a recent decline in sales. Prove feels that the products they currently offer do not meet the desires and needs of the market segments they target. Despite establishing segmentation and targeting, in practice, this has not increased their sales. This research aims to identify the problems faced by Prove by analyzing their consumer profiles. The goal is for Prove to understand the desires and needs of consumers who constitute their market segments. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through field observations and interviews with predetermined informants using purposive sampling method. This research utilizes Empathy Maps with several indicators such as seeing, hearing, thinking and feeling, saying and doing, customer pain, and customer gain. The research findings indicate that consumers generally observe sales and promotions of perfume products both online and offline, while Prove's products themselves are found in social media posts. Informants prefer the Sequoia variant due to its long-lasting aroma and simple yet elegant design. However, some consumers complain about the Aoife variant, which they find less fresh and with a short-lived scent. Before purchasing perfume, consumers tend to seek information first. Some risks they worry about include Prove products not being registered with the BPOM, products being damaged during shipping, and errors in delivery. Keywords: Cosmetic Industry, Customer Profile, Empathy Map, Perfume

Transnationalizing intrapreneurship of Chinese private investment in Africa

The paper investigates the structures, forces, and actors that drive and constrain transnationalizing intrapreneurship—the overseas business initiatives taken by subsidiaries—under Chinese private investment in Africa. Drawing upon the economic-geographic literature on entrepreneurship, it integrates process- and agency-perspectives to understand the interplay between political-economic contexts, institutional structures, and leadership actions in shaping the intrapreneurial endeavors of Chinese private firms. The process perspective entails seeing intrapreneurial ventures not as singular events but a recursive development of resources, capabilities, and networks in transnational contexts. The agency perspective emphasizes the motivations and actions of subsidiary leaders in charting out new spaces of business opportunities, while also acknowledging the embeddedness of these intrapreneurs in the broader institutional and political-economic landscapes of both host and home countries. The empirical analyses draw upon a multi-year ethnographic research with a Chinese automobile assembler in Ethiopia. Discussions of the firm’s internationalization trajectory—initial market venture, subsidiary business expansion, and recent decline in intrapreneurial momentum—over the past two decades offer a nuanced understanding of the contingent, context-specific, and fluid nature of transnationalizing intrapreneurship associated with Chinese private investment in Africa.

Population structure and genetic diversity of Polish Arabian horses based on pedigree data

With a history tracing back to at least the 18th century and a substantial global influence on various breeds, Polish Arabian horse population is of paramount importance for both breeders and conservationists. However, its genetic makeup and the population dynamics are still not well understood. This study presents an analysis of the modern Polish Arabian horse population using pedigree data, focusing on the breed's genetic diversity and population structure. Our analysis encompassed 1 498 individuals defined as the reference population (RP) and their 11 065 ancestors, which resulted in the dataset of 12 254 individuals (total population). We traced their genealogy to assess inbreeding coefficients (F), founder effects, and genetic variability measures such as the effective number of founders (fe), ancestors (fa), or founder genome equivalents (fge). The results indicated a good pedigree quality with an average of 28.1 maximum traced generations, revealing high pedigree completeness for initial generations with a decline beyond the seventh generation. The genetic diversity parameters showed a considerable bottleneck effect, with an effective number of founders at 73, which reflects a substantial loss of genetic diversity over time. Despite the vast total number of founders (852), only a few have had a lasting impact on the current population, signaling the need for revised breeding strategies to maintain diversity. The study identified a slight but consistent rise in inbreeding over the last century, with a marginal recent decline, and a significant difference in the contribution of various founders. The average F was 5.8%, with 99.6% of the reference population being inbred. The analysis of effective population size (Ne) highlighted potential risks for genetic diversity, urging for revision of breeding goals to consider a wider array of founder lineages. The study indicated that stallions belonging to RP can be attributed to 15 distinct sirelines, whereas mares to 45 unique damlines, more than considered in the current breeding program (8 and 15, respectively). Conclusively, the study underlines the need for ongoing monitoring and strategic breeding to maintain and enhance the genetic diversity of Polish Arabians, considering the breed's historical significance and contemporary genetic challenges.

Range-wide genetic analysis of an endangered bumble bee (Bombus affinis, Hymenoptera: Apidae) reveals population structure, isolation by distance, and low colony abundance.

Declines in bumble bee species range and abundances are documented across multiple continents and have prompted the need for research to aid species recovery and conservation. The rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) is the first federally listed bumble bee species in North America. We conducted a range-wide population genetics study of B. affinis from across all extant conservation units to inform conservation efforts. To understand the species' vulnerability and help establish recovery targets, we examined population structure, patterns of genetic diversity, and population differentiation. Additionally, we conducted a site-level analysis of colony abundance to inform prioritizing areas for conservation, translocation, and other recovery actions. We find substantial evidence of population structuring along an east-to-west gradient. Putative populations show evidence of isolation by distance, high inbreeding coefficients, and a range-wide male diploidy rate of ~15%. Our results suggest the Appalachians represent a genetically distinct cluster with high levels of private alleles and substantial differentiation from the rest of the extant range. Site-level analyses suggest low colony abundance estimates for B. affinis compared to similar datasets of stable, co-occurring species. These results lend genetic support to trends from observational studies, suggesting that B. affinis has undergone a recent decline and exhibit substantial spatial structure. The low colony abundances observed here suggest caution in overinterpreting the stability of populations even where B. affinis is reliably detected interannually. These results help delineate informed management units, provide context for the potential risks of translocation programs, and help set clear recovery targets for this and other threatened bumble bee species.

Abundance of termites important in tree-hollow formation in eucalypt forest in the Upper Blue Mountains, New South Wales, following seven years of extreme weather and mega-fires

ABSTRACT This study has investigated the status of tree-hollow-forming termites in eucalypt forest in the Upper Blue Mountains, New South Wales, following seven years of extreme weather and mega-fires. Tree hollows are a critical denning and breeding resource for many fauna species. The general abundance of termites in this cool temperate area was low, with at least 65% of large eucalypts having no internal hollows and thus never having supported termites. There was evidence of a recent decline of at least 55% in the number of trees being actively worked by termites, based on the number of trees with no termites present but evidence of termite activity within the last five years. Despite this decline, hollow-forming termites were still present in at least 61% of the survey sites. Recovery could be expected to occur given adequate time and stable conditions. However, the increasing pace of climate change may not allow it. In this paper, we draw attention to the importance of hollow-forming termites and the existential threat that they face under on-going climate change. We hope that it will prompt more interest and research of this issue.

Minerality in Wine: Textual Analysis of Chablis Premier Cru Tasting Notes

The term minerality is often used to describe high-quality still white wines produced in cooler regions, such as Chablis. What minerality means in sensory terms and what is responsible for its presence is the subject of debate, however. This study explored the concept of minerality by analysing 16,542 Chablis Premier Cru tasting notes entered into CellarTracker between 2003 and 2022 on wines three to seven years old, together with weather, topography, and soil data for the Chablis area. The top three words used to describe Chablis Premier Cru wine were citrus, minerality, and acidity. Mentions of minerality declined between 1999 and 2019 vintages, whereas those of acidity, salinity, floral, orchard fruit, and stone fruit increased. The trends for minerality and salinity were slightly stronger with the year of tasting (2005 to 2022) than vintage. Bigram analysis indicated that consumers were more than 1.5 times as likely to refer to a stony kind of minerality as a saline one and only rarely smoky minerality. Use of the term minerality was correlated with growing season temperature and sunshine hours (negatively with each), as well as vineyard aspect (negatively with percentage vineyard area facing South or South-West), but not with Kimmeridgian soil type. The results imply that soils and geology are not a principal source of minerality in Chablis wine, but growing season warmth and sunshine are relevant to minerality. There is no simple explanation of minerality in Chablis wine; however, the recent decline in the use of this term for Chablis wine may be a consequence of three factors in combination: (i) it has become less fashionable; (ii) consumers are choosing “saline” instead of “mineral” when appropriate, but retaining it for “stony” sensations; and/or (iii) warming from climate change has reduced minerality.

Perbedaan Konsep Tasawuf Al Ghozali Dan Ibnu Athoillah dalam Pendidikan Karakter

The recent decline in student human resources with character and morality is one of the weaknesses in the development of student education in the field of character education. Character and morals education which is one of the reasons for producing quality generations who have character and morals as well as good social skills have recently been neglected in the world of education. This may be due to the difficulty of implementing character education for students because there is no reference to a concept that can guarantee the creation of students with good character and good morals. The progress of the world of Islamic education during the Abasiyah dynasty, to be precise in the leadership of the caliph al-Mamun, should be a role model and example for educators in this modern era so that today's education does not only prioritize cognitive and affective aspects, but also puts forward aspects of moral education that can print generation of human beings with character and virtuousness. From here we know that the deepening and study of models, as well as the concepts used by the salaf scholars in conducting character education.

Trends in abundance and occupancy of the protected water beetle Graphoderus bilineatus in the Netherlands

The European Habitats Directive prescribes Member States to report on trends in abundance and distribution of protected species. One of these species is Graphoderus bilineatus (De Geer, 1774), a middle-sized predaceous aquatic beetle, listed in Annex II and IV of the Habitats Directive. In the Netherlands, a monitoring scheme for this species has been set up to assess the national trend as well as the trend in the national Natura2000 sites. In this scheme, a selection of 1 km2 squares is surveyed in cycles of six years using a standardized field method by professional fieldworkers. In each selected square, five locations were sampled per annum (September–October) by two different observers using hand netting. The data of the first two rounds (2011–2016 and 2017–2022) have been analysed using both an occupancy model and a Poisson GLMM. We found evidence of a declining trend in occupancy as well as in population size. The decreases were stronger outside than within Natura2000 sites and also stronger than those of three other beetle species that are often found together with G. bilineatus. In addition, considerable differences between observers were detected in the data, despite the application of a standardized field method.Implications for insect conservationGraphoderus bilineatus is declining and the decline is stronger outside Natura2000 sites then within, most likely due to differences in the development of water quality, vegetation structure and water management. Further research is required to identify the exact causes of the decline; however water quality improvement seems essential to turn the tide. The study also shows the benefits of a monitoring scheme for trend assessments. The recent decline would probably not have been noticed based on distribution data alone.

Dipterocarpoidae genomics reveal their demography and adaptations to Asian rainforests

Dipterocarpoideae species form the emergent layer of Asian rainforests. They are the indicator species for Asian rainforest distribution, but they are severely threatened. Here, to understand their adaptation and population decline, we assemble high-quality genomes of seven Dipterocarpoideae species including two autotetraploid species. We estimate the divergence time between Dipterocarpoideae and Malvaceae and within Dipterocarpoideae to be 108.2 (97.8‒118.2) and 88.4 (77.7‒102.9) million years ago, and we identify a whole genome duplication event preceding dipterocarp lineage diversification. We find several genes that showed a signature of selection, likely associated with the adaptation to Asian rainforests. By resequencing of two endangered species, we detect an expansion of effective population size after the last glacial period and a recent sharp decline coinciding with the history of local human activities. Our findings contribute to understanding the diversification and adaptation of dipterocarps and highlight anthropogenic disturbances as a major factor in their endangered status.