Recent Centuries Research Articles

A Century of Türkiye-Europe Relations: Europe’s Diminishing Role

This article analyzes the major developments and general trends in Türkiye-Europe relations over the last century to make the main argument that Europe, which had been the main determinant of Turkish foreign policy in recent centuries, has gradually lost that position. Whereas European states, with which Türkiye had the closest economic and political relations at the time of the Republic’s foundation, remain significant in terms of foreign direct investments and external trade today, their share in those fields has notably decreased compared to a century (and even 30 years) ago. During the last two decades, when the global power struggle intensified, European governments opted to adopt an incomprehensible policy of pressure and sanctions against Türkiye’s democratically elected Justice and Development Party (AK Party) government instead of trying to keep the country, a long-time ally, in their corner. This article also discusses why the relevant countries behaved that way and how the Turkish government responded to such behavior.

Babürnâme’deki Örneklerden Hareketle Türk-Moğol Kültüründe Yadacılık Geleneği

The practice of yadačılıq involves manipulating weather elements such as rain, snow, and storms through specific rituals or stones. Throughout history, those who engaged in these practices have been bestowed titles like yatčı, yadačı, and cayčı, distinguishing them from individuals referred to as qam or shaman. The tradition of yadačılıq persisted among Turks and other Central Asian communities, spanning from ancient times to more recent centuries. Over this period, numerous sources have offered insights into this subject. One such illuminating source on these rituals and beliefs is the Bāburnāma, a memoir and diary-style account authored by Babur Shah, a notable figure from the 16th century. Within this work, Babur Shah documented his experiences, observations, and encounters during his rule. Significantly, the Bāburnāma includes explicit references to the terms yadačı and yadačılıq, underscoring the continuity of these beliefs within the societal fabric of the 16th century. The intent of our article is to emphasize the existence of yadačis and the beliefs encompassing yadačılıq across diverse Turkish and Mongolian communities, both in the past and the present, dispelling the notion that this practice is merely a legend.

Wildfire activity in northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forests still within millennial-scale range of variability

Increasing area burned across western North America raises questions about the precedence and magnitude of changes in fire activity, relative to the historical range of variability (HRV) that ecosystems experienced over recent centuries and millennia. Paleoecological records of past fire occurrence provide context for contemporary changes in ecosystems characterized by infrequent, high-severity fire regimes. Here we present a network of 12 fire-history records derived from macroscopic charcoal preserved in sediments of small subalpine lakes within a c. 10 000 km2 landscape in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains (Northern Rockies). We used this network to characterize landscape-scale burning over the past 2500 yr, and to evaluate the precedence of widespread regional burning experienced in the early 20th and 21st centuries. We further compare the Northern Rockies fire history to a previously published network of fire-history records in the Southern Rockies. In Northern Rockies subalpine forests, widespread fire activity was strongly linked to seasonal climate conditions, in contemporary, historical, and paleo records. The average estimated fire rotation period (FRP) over the past 2500 yr was 164 yr (HRV: 127–225 yr), while the contemporary FRP from 1900 to 2021 CE was 215 yr. Thus, extensive regional burning in the early 20th century (e.g. 1910 CE) and in recent decades remains within the HRV of recent millennia. Results from the Northern Rockies contrast with the Southern Rockies, which burned with less frequency on average over the past 2500 yr, and where 21st-century burning has exceeded the HRV. Our results support expectations that Northern Rockies fire activity will continue to increase with climatic warming, surpassing historical burning if more than one exceptional fire year akin to 1910 occurs within the next several decades. The ecological consequences of climatic warming in subalpine forests will depend, in large part, on the magnitude of fire-regime changes relative to the past.

Biblický kánon a problém autority

In recent centuries, the authority of the Bible has been primarily a subject of apology. However, the Christian conception of the canon can also be an inspiration in the world in which authorities are a problem. On the one hand, after the unfortunate experience with totalitarian ideologies, we rightly resist the authoritarian usurpers of truth. On the other hand, it turns out that we cannot do without authority. Approaching the Biblical collection as a (court) dispute of witnesses corresponds to the original ancient understanding of authority as an alternative to the exercise of power.

Repeated fires in forested peatlands in sporadic permafrost zone in Western Canada

Wildfires play a crucial role in northern boreal peatland ecosystems, influencing the functioning of these ecosystems by affecting vegetation composition and biomass, peat accumulation patterns, and soil carbon stocks. Northern peatland ecosystems are under pressure due to climate warming and increasing anthropogenic stress. The frequency and severity of wildfires is predicted to increase in the coming years. Therefore, understanding long-term natural fire dynamics and their effect on peatland functionality will provide crucial information for peatland management and preservation policies. To investigate the long-term fire history of Western Canada and its effect on peat accumulation and vegetation succession, we analyzed macroscopic plant remains and charcoal within peat cores taken from five peatlands in the region. Records of the most recent fire events were derived from fire scars and documented fires in the study area. Regional long-term peatland fire patterns were examined by pooling together macroscopic charcoal records and calculating 100 year moving averages. All studied sites, except the northernmost one, demonstrated repeated fires throughout the past 1500 years, suggesting that fires have been an integral part of the peatland ecosystem in Western Canada. Compiled charcoal records indicated a peak in fire activity, with the highest abundance of charcoal for the period from the 1300s to the 1550s and decreasing fire activity during recent centuries. The clear and consistent post-fire increase in the abundance of Sphagnum mosses suggests a relatively rapid recovery of peatland ecosystems after burning. The regeneration pattern, where pre-fire vegetation repeatedly re-establishes, suggests that from a long-term perspective, fires do not necessarily have a negative effect on peatland functioning and peat accumulation. In conclusion, peatlands could remain as effective carbon sinks if their natural state is secured.

Hictorical Of Sufism In Recent Centuries

The emergence of research examining Islamic mysticism or Sufism in recent centuries, reaching its peak in the 20th century, indicates significant development of Sufism outside the Islamic world. This is evidenced by the presence of Muslim communities in the West who adhere to Sufi teachings. The aim of this article is to explore the development of Sufism in the West, focusing on two aspects: (1) Examining the theories and early studies on the introduction of Sufism to the West since the 17th century; (2) Investigating the models and patterns of Sufism that have emerged in the West, especially in the 20th century. This research employs a qualitative approach with methods of historical and philosophical analysis. The research findings include: (1) Western studies on Sufism began as early as the 17th century and reached their peak in the 19th/20th century, marked by numerous translations of Sufi texts. (2) In the 20th century, several models or patterns of understanding Sufism emerged in the Western world, namely hybrid, perennial, and transplant Sufism.

Cultural and historical factors influencing the verbalization of aggression in English journalistic texts: a comparative analysis of modern and historical texts

Aim. This study is aimed at analysing the influence of cultural and historical factors on the verbalization of aggression in English journalistic texts. Methods. The work employs the method of analysing lexical units, the grammatical method of analysing aggressive markers, and the method of stylistic text analysis. Mathematical methods of data processing included descriptive average, analysis of optimal values, Cronbach’s alpha. Results. In the first half of the 19th century, there were significant indicators of the use of aggressive vocabulary, in particular the words “attack” and “assault” at about 30% and 25%, respectively. These figures, however, decreased to 25% and 20% during the 21st century. The words “bombard”, “demolish” and “destroy” also showed a decreased frequency of use from the 19th to the 21st century from 20%, 15% and 10% to 15%, 10% and 5% respectively. Conclusions. The study of aggressive stylistic means in journalistic texts revealed that the use of aggressive vocabulary in media discourse has increased in recent centuries. Exceptions are warnings about the tendency to deepen aggressive expressions in communication. Continued monitoring and analysis of such stylistic devices is important for understanding the dynamics and impact of language aggression in modern society. Prospects. Prospects for further research on aggressive stylistic means in journalistic texts are the study of the impact of these means on the perception by the audience, their emotional reaction, and psychological state.

The evolution of 'Nation' concept and its relevance for contemporary historical moment

Understanding the evolution of the concept of "nation" is crucial in comprehending the shifting dynamics of identity, national policy, and global interactions. By tracing the historical development of this concept, from its early origins to its contemporary manifestations, the article aims to shed light on how the idea of the Nation has transformed and adapted to social, political, and ideological changes. The retrospective analysis of 'national' discourse makes possible to demonstrate how the Nation concept expanded its content during the recent centuries. The philosophical and historical study of the Nation provided in the article, and its research from the functional and axiological standpoints, drives us to make a few general assumptions: Nation still can be that kind of mobilizing force that helps unite people in resistance to external aggression; the concept of Nation presumably does not have enough resources to influence the highly developed countries, but still preserves its potential to transform the societies in the developing countries. Some findings and insights presented in this article may contribute into further theoretical research, as well as policy development, and a deeper understanding of the role of nations in an increasingly interconnected world.

Density-dependent dynamics help explain the simultaneous expansion and decline of woodlands in the western US

Woodlands across the globe have expanded in recent centuries in response to shifts in climate, land use, and disturbance patterns, but are expected to be particularly vulnerable to decline as a result of environmental change. Gaps in our understanding of the drivers of woodland spatial dynamics, however, limit our ability to forecast range shifts. While the effect of extrinsic factors, such as fire and climate, on woodlands are well-documented, we lack knowledge on the role of intrinsic factors such as density-dependence in driving tree abundances and distributions across space and time. We used two remotely-sensed datasets of tree cover and climate predictors in Bayesian state-space models to test the effects of climate and density on the spatiotemporal changes in pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) cover in the Great Basin, USA. We compared models with only climate predictors to models including both climate and tree cover (i.e. density-dependence). Models including density-dependence better explained observed dynamics than climate alone. Pinyon pine cover increased at the fastest rate in areas with intermediate precipitation and low maximum temperatures. Spatial effects of climate interacted with temporal variation in climate. In cool, wet areas, growth was higher in warm, dry periods. In warm, dry areas, it was favorable to have cool periods. However, positive direct effects of climate at mid to high elevation were partially offset by density-dependence. Because extant density was positively correlated with average precipitation and negatively correlated with temperature, pinyon pine cover often declined in climatically favorable areas. Our results indicate that direct effects of warming and drying climate will likely lead to increases in cover at high elevations and declines at low elevations in the long-term. However, the added effects of density-dependence may create counter-intuitive patterns with increases in low density, low elevation areas in the near term and declines in seemingly favorable high density cooler-wetter locations. As a result, management intended to increase woodland resilience through silvicultural treatments like density reductions may have the greatest impact at intermediate elevations where increasing climate stress coincides with high tree densities.

Marine ecological effect of typhoon influenced by the frequency-phases of ENSO and anthropogenic activity: the East China Sea example

In coastal regions, typhoons are one of the most frequent natural disasters, and instrumental data indicate that they can greatly boost marine primary productivity. Typhoons' long-term ecological repercussions, however, are still little understood. To investigate the ecological effects of typhoons since the mid-Holocene, we focused on the sediment cores in the East China Sea, with key parameters of organic CN and Bio-Si to reveal the paleo-productivity variation. Over a millennium, the occurrence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has had a substantial impact on primary productivity in the southern East China Sea. The primary productivity in the southern East China Sea was risen by humid climate conditions in ∼3.0–2.0 ka and frequent typhoons in 1.5–0 ka. With a millennial period, ENSO frequency has been significantly influencing primary productivity in the southern East China Sea since the mid-Holocene. During 1.5–0 ka, frequent ENSO events have led to more frequent typhoons, which caused terrestrial materials input and water vertically mix in the southern East China Sea, ultimately increasing primary productivity. Particularly on a centennial time scale, ENSO phases determined how much primary productivity was increased, and this magnitude was bigger during the La Niña-like periods than it was during the El Niño-like periods since La Niña is when typhoons occur more frequently. During the Little Ice Age, the cold climate hindered the reproduction of phytoplankton, but increased human activities in Taiwan resulted in more soil erosion and the supply of terrestrial-derived nutrients into the sea, then amplified the typhoon-induced increase in primary productivity. As a result, this stage showed the highest primary productivity since the mid-Holocene. This study reveals that frequent typhoons promote marine primary productivity on centennial-millennial timescales and emphasizes that human activities amplify the ecological effect of typhoons in recent centuries.

Иноязычное имя собственное в испанских фразеологизмах и паремиях

The article deals with Spanish set expressions that include a foreign proper name. The study overviews phraseological units, as well as proverbs and sayings included in the most important Spanish lexicographical works. Dealing with an onomastic (onymic) component requires the description of idioms, their origin, meaning and the degree of linguistic actuality. The study of the selected number of set expressions and proverbs has revealed that some proper names may be considered as international precedent onyms (anthroponyms, mythonyms, poetonyms, etc.) This type of proper names may be interpreted as part of the world cultural legacy, since they are present in the onomastic fund of many languages and are considered a sort of linguistic constant formed throughout human history. Spanish national and cultural identity may be illustrated by idioms with a foreign toponym or anthroponym. Generally, those are set expressions and idioms that allude to some historical events and reflect Spanish military and political activities in the world arena, Spanish cultural and linguistic contacts in different periods. The study of idiomatic phrases, their origin and motivation has revealed the key sources to replenish the Spanish phraseological fund, which are world literature, cinema, classical mythology, the Bible, military and political activities. Chronologically, the majority of the analyzed idioms was created in the Middle Ages and the Modern period, however, foreign proper names continue to replenish the Spanish lexis, since there are many expressions and proverbs with a foreign onym that have been created in the recent centuries.

Missing sea level rise in southeastern Greenland during and since the Little Ice Age

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet has been losing mass at an accelerating rate over the past 2 decades. Understanding ice mass and glacier changes during the preceding several hundred years prior to geodetic measurements is more difficult because evidence of past ice extent in many places was later overridden. Salt marshes provide the only continuous records of relative sea level (RSL) from close to the Greenland Ice Sheet that span the period of time during and since the Little Ice Age (LIA) and can be used to reconstruct ice mass gain and loss over recent centuries. Salt marsh sediments collected at the mouth of Dronning Marie Dal, close to the Greenland Ice Sheet margin in southeastern Greenland, record RSL changes over the past ca. 300 years through changing sediment and diatom stratigraphy. These RSL changes record a combination of processes that are dominated by local and regional changes in Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance during this critical period that spans the maximum of the LIA and 20th-century warming. In the early part of the record (1725–1762 CE) the rate of RSL rise is higher than reconstructed from the closest isolation basin at Timmiarmiut, but between 1762 and 1880 CE the RSL rate is within the error range of the rate of RSL change recorded in the isolation basin. RSL begins to slowly fall around 1880 CE, with a total amount of RSL fall of 0.09±0.1 m in the last 140 years. Modelled RSL, which takes into account contributions from post-LIA Greenland Ice Sheet glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA), ongoing deglacial GIA, the global non-ice sheet glacial melt fingerprint, contributions from thermosteric effects, the Antarctic mass loss sea level fingerprint and terrestrial water storage, overpredicts the amount of RSL fall since the end of the LIA by at least 0.5 m. The GIA signal caused by post-LIA Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss is by far the largest contributor to this modelled RSL, and error in its calculation has a large impact on RSL predictions at Dronning Marie Dal. We cannot reconcile the modelled RSL and the salt marsh observations, even when moving the termination of the LIA to 1700 CE and reducing the post-LIA Greenland mass loss signal by 30 %, and a “budget residual” of +∼3 mm yr−1 since the end of the LIA remains unexplained. This new RSL record backs up other studies that suggest that there are significant regional differences in the timing and magnitude of the response of the Greenland Ice Sheet to the climate shift from the LIA into the 20th century.

Environmental impact analysis of organic phase change materials for energy storage by using ReCiPe endpoint method

Today, phase change materials are often used in our daily lives. These organic components contain a variety of ingredients, A few have a greater impact on the environment than others. Organic PCM are a type of material that can be used for thermal energy storage applications. The purpose of this research is to look at how organic phase change materials affect the environment, allowing technologists to assess environmental factors. A mid - term evaluation approach was used to analyze the life cycle of organic PCM. One of the software Simapro 9.2 were used to develop the life cycle assessment, which was based on the lifecycle inventory Ecoinvent v3.4 data source. Environmental impact values ​​were quantified using the ReCiPe methodology and an extensive range of outcome are produced. There was a significant difference between the results obtained with EcoInvent organic PCM and the results obtained 82% with PCM. Analyzed organic PCMs are a global concern for the environment, because these substances have significant environmental consequences and their availability has expanded in recent centuries, which is a reason for anxiety in the global industry.

Changes in the lake-grassland ecosystem revealed by multiple proxies in a sediment core from Ganggeng Nur Lake, northern China

AbstractAs the main global terrestrial ecosystem component, grasslands are extremely sensitive to global climate change. With increasing human activities over the last century, grassland ecosystems have been degraded to different degrees. However, the evolution of lake-grassland ecosystems in recent centuries remains unclear due to the dearth of high-resolution records. Here, we present high-resolution lacustrine sediment grain size, pollen (Artemisia, Myriophyllum), Pediastrum, and n-alkane records from Ganggeng Nur Lake to investigate vegetation, lake evolution, and human effects in semiarid northern China. Four stages were identified from the last ca. 150 years: (1) the natural evolution stage (AD 1870–1945), in which there was a wet climate around Ganggeng Nur and the lake level rose from increased runoff; (2) the human disturbance stage (AD 1945–1967), in which the regional climate got drier and human activities began having a detectable effect on the grassland ecosystem; (3) the human transformation stage (AD 1967–2005), in which a completely arid climate coupled with the implementation of a series of land reclamation policies resulted in a large reduction in grassland areas, extensive soil erosion, exacerbated climate change, and shrinking lake areas; and (4) the posttreatment stage (AD 2005–2018), in which soil erosion was alleviated by policy implementation and a favorable humid climate.

The Image of the Horse in Kazakh Poetry

The horse was always highly important for Kazakh society, especially considering that Kazakhs have followed a nomadic lifestyle for thousands of years. This article discusses how the image and symbolism of the horse in Kazakh poetry have developed from the XIX century to the present, comparing it with the historical processes of this period. The influence of voluntary and involuntary changes, complex transformations, and tragedies in the cultural-historical and social-political life of the Kazakh nation in recent centuries on the depiction of the horse in poetry is assessed. To evaluate the change in symbolic values assigned to the horse in Kazakh poetry, this study employed the method of intertextual analysis and cultural-historical contextualization. In this article, the development path of the horse from a symbol of beauty and gallant, nobility and companionship to a metaphor of solid character and freedom is described and explained with fragments of Kazakh poetry. In addition, the study examines the variety of vocabulary, artistic tools, similes, and epithets in the Kazakh’s nomadic inheritance to describe the horse. The description of the horse in world poetry and its features and similarities in Kazakh poetry are compared. We posit that this research holds practical significance, with potential applications in literary and cultural studies. By enhancing comprehension of the literary and cultural landscape of Central Asia, our findings contribute to the advancement of knowledge in these respective fields.

Svědectví „starých obrazů“: kulturní krajina ideální a reálná

Old maps and images – paintings, drawings, graphics, and, in recent centuries, old photographs and postcards – capture the space around us, the proverbial “stage of history”, and have been seen as lucrative antiques for ages. However, the beauty of the old original still has magic in the digital age because the appeal of the old “representations of the landscape” remains. This is true for 15th-century murals, 17th-century copper engravings, and 19th-century lithographs. The present article, despite (unavoidably) being based on a series of micro-examinations delineated by time, territory, and relations to individuals, families, or institutions, takes on the characteristics of an aggregated work. It is dedicated to “images of the cultural landscape” as a whole, their role when they were created, their uses for the people that ordered them, and their role today (in this case primarily as a historical source).

Changing sources and burial of organic carbon in the Chukchi Sea sediments with retreating sea ice over recent centuries

Abstract. Decreasing sea ice extent caused by climate change is affecting the carbon cycle of the Arctic Ocean. In this study, surface sediments across the western Arctic Ocean are investigated to characterize sources of sedimentary organic carbon (OC). Bulk organic parameters (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, δ13Corg, and δ15N) and molecular organic biomarkers (e.g., sterols and highly branched isoprenoids – HBIs) are combined to distinguish between sympagic, pelagic, and terrestrial OC sources. Their downcore profiles generated at the Chukchi Sea R1 core site (74∘ N) are then used to evaluate changes in the relative contribution of these components of sedimentary OC over the last 200 years with decreasing sea ice. Our data evidence that, from the 1820s to the 1930s, prevailing high sea ice cover inhibited in situ primary production, resulting in prominent land-derived material in sediments. Then, from the 1930s to the 1980s, primary production started increasing with the gradual decline of summer sea ice. The ratio of sympagic and pelagic OC began to rise to account for the larger portion of sedimentary OC. Since the 1980s, accelerated sea ice loss led to enhanced primary production, stabilizing over the last decades due to freshwater-induced surface ocean stratification in summer.

Remnants of Dead Substance: The Structural Study of Ultra-High Diluted Compounds

Background In recent centuries, ultra-high diluted compounds have shown some effect, which has always been doubted and disbelieved due to the high dilution. Articles on UHD have published various effects of these substances on living organisms (humans, plants, animals and bacteria). But so far nothing has been found visible to differentiate the structure of these substances themselves from placebo. This research, unlike other published articles, is about the nature and structure of UHDs themselves and has been able to investigate and reveal structural differences between UHDs and of course placebo and presented different, new, and perplexing chemical results on the structure of UHDs.
 Methods To prepare eleven selected samples, commercial UHDs from various plant, animal, mineral, chemical and nosode resources were used in a dilution of ´10-6. The experiments (90) were designed using the Design Expert 7.0.0 based on the Central Composite Design (CCD) statistical algorithm related to four quantitative factors of time, dilution, light intensity and temperature and a qualitative factor of UHD type. The formed things were selected and were imagined using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM).
 Results The formation of substances which gradually start taking shapes appears in the solutions. EOMs formed some things in different size, shapes, and suspended in water are observable by naked eyes. They are in tubular and layered forms which are solidified and strong with some curvatures and bending. We’ve called these substances Essential Original Matter (EOM). These EOMs are unique, distinct and repeatable and they have special structural feature that is created in every individual type of UHDs.
 Conclusion The production of somethings in UHD’s solution (we called in EOMs) is reported for the first time. Results prove that UHDs are distinct from placebo in addition to the effects shown in the past and in other articles. These materials have different and unique structure. According to the current laws of chemistry, no traces of above materials are expected to be seen in these types of solutions. Based on these results, it can be suggested that the Avogadro hypothesis needs to be re-examined and revised.

Numerical simulation of the deadliest flood event of Portugal: Unravelling the causes of the disaster

The flood event of November 25 and 26, 1967 corresponds to the deadliest storm affecting Portugal in recent centuries being responsible for >500 fatalities. The main trigger was the heavy rain that fell in just a few hours, provoking a rapid increase in river flows, although other concurrent circumstances had to occur to reach the dramatic water levels estimated in some affected places. However, even today, several important uncertainties related to water levels achieved and timing of floods remain. Here we aim to clarify some of the pending issues by applying suitable high performance numerical tools to elucidate the main conditioning factors that played a key role in the intensification of this dramatic flood. In particular, the analysis has been focused on Quintas village, the location most affected, where >100 fatalities were recorded, close to 2/3 of its total population at the time. The main conclusion provided by the numerical simulations was that a plugging of water flow downstream of Quintas village, favoured by a poor terrain maintenance coupled with the bottleneck created by topographic features, caused the critical over-elevation of water levels. Simulations also corroborate the rapid increase in water levels in Quintas village, with an estimated rise of >2 m in just two hours, as well as the occurrence of the flood during the night, preventing many people to be aware of the extreme danger they were facing and safeguarding themselves.

Maintenance and expansion of genetic and trait variation following domestication in a clonal crop.

Clonal propagation enables favourable crop genotypes to be rapidly selected and multiplied. However, the absence of sexual propagation can lead to low genetic diversity and accumulation of deleterious mutations, which may eventually render crops less resilient to pathogens or environmental change. To better understand this trade-off, we characterize the domestication and contemporary genetic diversity of Enset (Ensete ventricosum), an indigenous African relative of bananas (Musa) and a principal starch staple for 20 million Ethiopians. Wild enset reproduction occurs strictly by sexual outcrossing, but for cultivation, it is propagated clonally and associated with diversification and specialization into hundreds of named landraces. We applied tGBS sequencing to generate genome-wide genotypes for 192 accessions from across enset's cultivated distribution, and surveyed 1340 farmers on enset agronomic traits. Overall, reduced heterozygosity in the domesticated lineage was consistent with a domestication bottleneck that retained 37% of wild diversity. However, an excess of putatively deleterious missense mutations at low frequency present as heterozygotes suggested an accumulation of mutational load in clonal domesticated lineages. Our evidence indicates that the major domesticated lineages initially arose through historic sexual recombination associated with a domestication bottleneck, followed by the amplification of favourable genotypes through an extended period of clonal propagation. Among domesticated lineages, we found a significant phylogenetic signal for multiple farmer-identified food, nutrition and disease resistance traits and little evidence of contemporary recombination. The development of future-climate adapted genotypes may require crop breeding, but outcrossing risks exposing deleterious alleles as homozygotes. This trade-off may partly explain the ubiquity and persistence of clonal propagation over recent centuries of comparative climate stability.