Recent Advances In Pathogenesis Research Articles

Osteoporosis: recent advances in pathogenesis and treatment

Osteoporosis: recent advances in pathogenesis and treatment

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis : recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis : recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy

Recent advances in pathogenesis of allergic alveolitis

The animal-model studies discussed above appear to suggest that AA develops as the result of a complex series of immunologically specific events, involving initial sensitization, and the development of granulomatous inflammatory response by a series of genetically determined immunostimulatory events. Modulation of experimental granulomatous lesions by several of the means previously discussed may offer some important clues to the incidence and clinical course of AA in man and to future therapy and/or prevention of the disease. For example, in the animal models discussed previously in which chronic exposure to aerosolized antigen resulted in specific 'desensitization' it is possible that such repeated challenge in man may be refined to the point of inducing similar lengthy refractory periods and a decrease in pulmonary inflammation. The demonstration that hypersensitivity-type pulmonary granulomas in mice are markedly suppressed by inhibitors possessing antilipoxygenase activity, such as nafazatrom and nordihydroguairetic acid and by cyclosporine, may also open the door to investigation of such agents in the experimental treatment of granulomatous pulmonary diseases in man. It is obvious that a better understanding of these mechanisms in man can provide important information to increase our understanding of the possible prevention, modulation, and therapy of chronic granulomatous pulmonary disease.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent advances in pathogenesis and therapeutic trials.

We reviewed the current status of pathogenesis and therapeutic trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Clinical studies have identified several rare but definable causes for apparent ALS. Certain clinical features previously considered unlikely to occur in ALS are found on careful examination. Epidemiologic surveillance and recent studies of neurotoxic plant seeds used in Guam have shed light on the pathogenesis of endemic ALS. Extensive analyses of biochemical, metabolic, immunologic, viral, and toxic factors have provided provocative results requiring further studies. Reflecting on some of these hypotheses, therapeutic trials have been performed more vigorously than ever. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is now investigated at the molecular genetic level. Human autopsy and experimental animal studies have expanded our understanding of basic mechanisms involving motoneuronal degeneration. In the future, we must continue a relentless search for the pathogenesis of ALS, prospective clinical studies to define the limits of ALS, and well-designed, controlled therapeutic trials.

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

The diagnosis and management of patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia demands knowledge of various aspects of both clinical and laboratory medicine. There is an apparent gap of communication between the serologist and the clinical physician due to the high specialization of both. The purpose of this annotation is to close some of these gaps by relating the serological data to the diagnosis, severity of disease, treatment, and prognosis.

Osteoporosis: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment

Osteoporosis: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment

Mural thrombi in coronary artery disease. Recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and approaches to treatment

Mural thrombi in coronary artery disease. Recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and approaches to treatment

Aplastic Anemia: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment

Successful bone marrow transplantation and bone marrow culturing techniques have generated a large body of research into the pathogenesis and treatment of aplastic anemia. Most prominent has been the emphasis on autoimmune mechanisms. Several etiologic types and diagnostic criteria are discussed, the evidence supporting immune and other mechanisms of pathogenesis is examined, and results of current therapeutic trials are addressed.

Rabies: recent advances in pathogenesis and control.

Current knowledge of rabies is reviewed, with emphasis on recent developments in virology, immunology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prophylaxis. Although only a few cases of human rabies occur annually in the United States, the infection is enzootic in wildlife, and an estimated 30,000 possible exposures requiring treatment occur each year. Rabies belongs to the family rhabdovirus, and its molecular anatomy and biochemistry of replication have been described in some detail. There have been advances in measurement of antirabies antibodies, and techniques for measuring cellular immune response have recently been developed. Early stages of infection are more fully understood, with a hypothesis to explain peripheral sequestration of virus during prolonged incubation periods. Rabies was once thought to be uniformly f fatal, but a few patients have survived with aggressive supportive measures. A newly developed vaccine (soon to be licensed in the United States) has been shown highly potent for preexposure immunization and promises to be very effective for postexposure prophylaxis. Current Public Health Service recommendations for postexposure treatment are summarized. Recent research has suggested a novel approach to control of wildlife rabies through oral immunization.