Recent Advances In Construction Research Articles

Recent Advances in Construction of C(sp2)–O Bonds via Aryne Participated Multicomponent Coupling Reactions

AbstractAryne chemistry is a powerful synthetic technique that forms new bonds to aromatic rings. The recent resurgence of aryne-based multicomponent coupling strategies has led to an influx of methodologies for the mild synthesis of arene derivatives. In particular, these innovative discoveries broaden and streamline approaches toward phenol ether motifs, which are a prevalent structural component across a broad range of chemistry related research fields. Herein, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the construction of C(sp2)–O bonds via aryne-induced multicomponent reactions. Special attention has been paid to reaction design and mechanistic pathways.1 Introduction2 Insertion-Based MCRs3 Nucleophilic-Addition-Based MCRs4 Cycloaddition-Based MCRs5 Summary

Recent advances in construction and regulation of yeast cell factories.

The past decade has witnessed the rapid progress in development of synthetic biology, and advances in construction of yeast cell factories open vast opportunities for green and sustainable production of chemicals. Focusing on the progress in yeast engineering for production of plant natural products in the last 5 years, this review introduces different yeast chassis used for cell factory construction, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica and Komagataella phaffii, together with the emerging genome editing tools. The metabolic regulation strategies developed for yeast engineering are highlighted, such as subcellular pathway localization dynamic regulation, and transporter engineering. C1-based chemical bioproduction by engineered yeast is also covered. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects in creating efficient yeast cell factories are summarized.

The More, the Better–Recent Advances in Construction of 2D Multi‐Heterostructures

AbstractThe past few years have witnessed significant development in the controlled growth of 2D heterostructures. Among those kinds of heterostructures, vertical and lateral ones have drawn the most attention. Vertical heterostructures can be created in the mode of layer by layer. The layer number and sequence in the vertical orientation can be modulated and thus leading to customized properties. However, the fabrication of lateral heterostructures has been met with challenges. The most concerning issue is related to the consistency at the atomic scale when two layers are stitched in a lateral direction. Adhering to the concept of epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has exerted significant impact in forming 2D lateral heterostructures. In this review, recent academic breakthroughs involving controlled growth of multi‐heterostructures by CVD are present. The CVD technique in terms of growth parameters, choice of catalysts, and mechanism is fully emphasized, offering guidelines for shaping novel 2D heterostructures. Several novel multi‐heterostructures attained by the CVD method are exhibited. Further, the properties and devices are described to demonstrate the unique features of multi‐heterostructures. The great advances in precisely constructing multi‐heterostructure are expected to push forward the way for 2D materials to industrialization and commercialization.

Recent Advances in Construction of the Efficient Producers of Riboflavin and Flavin Nucleotides (FMN, FAD) in the Yeast Candida famata.

The approaches used by the authors to design the Candida famata strains capable to overproduce riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are described. The metabolic engineering approaches include overexpression of SEF1 gene encoding positive regulator of riboflavin biosynthesis, IMH3 (coding for IMP dehydrogenase) orthologs from another species of flavinogenic yeast Debaryomyces hansenii, and the homologous genes RIB1 and RIB7 encoding GTP cyclohydrolase II and riboflavin synthase, the first and the last enzymes of riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, respectively. Overexpression of the abovementioned genes in the genetically stable riboflavin overproducer AF-4 obtained by classical selection resulted in fourfold increase of riboflavin production in shake flask experiments.Overexpression of engineered enzymes phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase catalyzing the initial steps of purine nucleotide biosynthesis enhances riboflavin synthesis in the flavinogenic yeast C. famata even more.Recombinant strains of C. famata containing FMN1 gene from D. hansenii encoding riboflavin kinase under control of the strong constitutive TEF1 promoter were constructed. Overexpression of the FMN1 gene in the riboflavin-producing mutant led to the 30-fold increase of the riboflavin kinase activity and 400-fold increase of FMN production in the resulting recombinant strains which reached maximally 318.2mg/L.FAD overproducing strains of C. famata were also constructed. This was achieved by overexpression of FAD1 gene from D. hansenii in C. famata FMN overproducing strain. The 7- to 15-fold increase in FAD synthetase activity as compared to the wild-type strain and FAD accumulation into cultural medium were observed. The maximal FAD titer 451.5mg/L was achieved.

Advanced energy materials for flexible batteries in energy storage: A review

AbstractSmart energy storage has revolutionized portable electronics and electrical vehicles. The current smart energy storage devices have penetrated into flexible electronic markets at an unprecedented rate. Flexible batteries are key power sources to enable vast flexible devices, which put forward additional requirements, such as bendable, twistable, stretchable, and ultrathin, to adapt mechanical deformation under the working conditions. This review summarizes the recent advances in construction and configuration of flexible batteries and discusses the general metrics to benchmark various flexible batteries with different materials and chemistries. Moreover, we present advanced prototype flexible batteries developed by some companies to afford general envision of the technological status. Lastly, the critical points are summarized in the development of flexible batteries and remaining challenges are also presented for the future design of flexible batteries in practical perspectives.

Recent Advances in Construction of Polycyclic Natural Product Scaffolds via One-Pot Reactions Involving Alkyne Annulation

Polycyclic scaffolds are omnipresent in natural products and drugs, and the synthetic strategies and methods toward construction of these scaffolds are of particular importance. Compared to simple cyclic ring systems, polycyclic scaffolds have higher structure complexity and diversity, making them suitable for charting broader chemical space, yet bringing challenges for the syntheses. In this review, we surveyed progress in the past decade on synthetic methods for polycyclic natural product scaffolds, in which the key steps are one-pot reactions involving intermolecular or intramolecular alkyne annulation. Synthetic strategies of selected polycyclic carbocycles and heterocycles with at least three fused, bridged, or spiro rings are discussed with emphasis on the synthetic efficiency and product diversity. Recent examples containing newly developed synthetic concepts or toolkits such as collective and divergent total synthesis, gold catalysis, C–H functionalization, and dearomative cyclization are highlighted. Finally, several “privileged synthetic strategies” for “privileged polycyclic scaffolds” are summarized, with discussion of remained challenges and future perspectives.

ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles from Baylis—Hillman Adducts

AbstractReview: 154 refs.

Recent Advances in Construction of Nitrogen-containing Heterocycles from Baylis-Hillman Adducts

The Baylis-Hillman reaction was first reported by Morita and co-workers 1 in 1968 using PCy3 as the nucleophilic catalyst. The reaction was ignored for a long time after its discovery, until in 197...

Gold nanoparticle-based biosensors

The unique properties of gold nanoparticles have stimulated the increasing interest in the application of GNPs in interfacing biological recognition events with signal transduction and in designing biosensing devices exhibiting novel functions. The optical properties of GNPs provide wide range opportunities for construction optical biosensors. The excellent biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic properties and high surface-to-volume ratio and high density of GNPs facilitate extensive application of GNPs in construction of electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors with enhanced analytical performance with respect to other biosensor designs. In this article, the recent advances in construction of GNP-based optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors are reviewed, and some illustrative examples given, with a focus on the roles GNPs play in the biosensing process and the mechanism of GNPs for improving the analytical performances. Finally, the review concludes with an outline of present and future research for the real-world applications.

Non-viral gene delivery in skeletal muscle: a protein factory.

Ever since the publication of the first reports in 1990 using skeletal muscle as a direct target for expressing foreign transgenes, an avalanche of papers has identified a variety of proteins that can be synthesized and correctly processed by skeletal muscle. The impetus to the development of such applications is not only amelioration of muscle diseases, but also a range of therapeutic applications, from immunization to delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as clotting factors and hormones. Although the most efficient way of introducing transgenes into muscle fibres has been by a variety of recombinant viral vectors, there are potential benefits in the use of non-viral vectors. In this review we assess the recent advances in construction and delivery of naked plasmid DNA to skeletal muscle and highlight the options available for further improvements to raise efficiency to therapeutic levels.

Soil Stabilization by Ambient Pore Pressure and Geomembrane Containment

Substantial atmospheric and pore water pressures exist in soil deposits. These pressures may be used to exert additional confining stresses with the aid of relatively impervious barriers. Any reduction in pore pressure within the impervious boundaries of an isolated soil domain will result in an equal increase in confinement. Confinement that directly increases effective stress will in turn increase shear stiffness and strength of the soil. In situ applications are becoming increasingly feasible in view of the recent advances in construction and installation of geomembrane systems. In this study, the concept of increasing confinement by action of ambient pore pressure is discussed. The effectiveness of this approach when applied to dry and saturated cohesionless soil is evaluated using a series of centrifuge model tests. In these experiments, a major increase of soil resistance to deformations is observed. In the saturated soil models, the potential for liquefaction induced deformations is eliminated. Practical applications and the applicability of retrofit efforts including the required geomembrane characteristics are discussed. Currently, field tests are needed to assess full-scale implementation challenges.