Recent Advances In Biological Psychiatry Research Articles

Suicide and Microglia: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives Based on Human Studies.

Suicide is one of the most disastrous outcomes for psychiatric disorders. Recent advances in biological psychiatry have suggested a positive relationship between some specific brain abnormalities and specific symptoms in psychiatric disorders whose organic bases were previously completely unknown. Microglia, immune cells in the brain, are regarded to play crucial roles in brain inflammation by releasing inflammatory mediators and are suggested to contribute to various psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Recently, activated microglia have been suggested to be one of the possible contributing cells to suicide and suicidal behaviors via various mechanisms especially including the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Animal model research focusing on psychiatric disorders has a long history, however, there are only limited animal models that can properly express psychiatric symptoms. In particular, to our knowledge, animal models of human suicidal behaviors have not been established. Suicide is believed to be limited to humans, therefore human subjects should be the targets of research despite various ethical and technical limitations. From this perspective, we introduce human biological studies focusing on suicide and microglia. We first present neuropathological studies using the human postmortem brain of suicide victims. Second, we show recent findings based on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and peripheral blood biomarker analysis on living subjects with suicidal ideation and/or suicide-related behaviors especially focusing on the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Finally, we propose future perspectives and tasks to clarify the role of microglia in suicide using multi-dimensional analytical methods focusing on human subjects with suicidal ideation, suicide-related behaviors and suicide victims.

George Winokur: a personal memoir

George Winokur, M.D. died of cancer in his home George on affective disorders, Sam on somatization in Iowa City on October 12, 1996 at the age of disorder and Eli on schizophrenia. seventy-one. He was a clinical researcher, beloved I was lucky to become, early on, one of George’s teacher, and a professor emeritus at the University of resident collaborators in the study of mood disorders. Iowa Department of Psychiatry. He had been the Dr. Winokur was always interested in genetics and chairman there until he stepped down in 1990 after spent a summer at Mount Desert Island, Maine, 19 years, to devote himself to full-time research. He learning medical genetics and how to apply the was known around the world because of his research concepts to psychiatric data. I consider him the in the genetics of affective disorder. father of family history studies in psychiatry. He George was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He collected three big systematic data sets of patients received his bachelor’s degree from Johns Hopkins and their families – ‘‘the affective disorders family University and his medical degree three years later study of 750 patients,’’ the ‘‘one grand study’’ and from the University of Maryland. He did a rotating the ‘‘Iowa five hundred.’’ Many of his findings are internship and started his psychiatric residency at the results of these three data sets. He also, after Seton Institute in Baltimore. He decided he was resigning as chairman, worked on analyzing data interested in learning a more scientific approach to from the NIMH collaborative depression study, psychiatry and transferred to Washington University which systematically followed-up 1,000 affectively in St. Louis. His early training was interrupted by ill patients and 3,000 relatives, spouses, and actwo years in the Air Force. When he returned to quaintances. Washington University as an assistant professor in In analyzing data from the St. Louis studies in the psychiatry, two colleagues at the time were Sam mid 1960s, he and I were the first American Guze and Eli Robins. They met regularly to discuss psychiatrists to describe the separation of unipolar the nature of psychiatry. From their deliberations on and bipolar diseases based on family history, age of the medical model of psychiatry, the criteria for onset and course. It was published as ‘‘Family psychiatric diagnosis, the way to validate a psychiatHistory Studies I: Two Types of Affective Disorders ric diagnosis, and the emphasis on family history and Separated According to Genetic and Clinical Facclinical course developed. Despite their long-term tors’’ in Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, close association, the three only published one paper Plenum Press, New York, 1967. The reader must together, the famous diagnostic criteria paper on remember that at this time all data were personally which Feighner was first author. In their own resorted by hand with a counter sorter (George loved search each concentrated on different diseases – the counter sorter, which he moved to Iowa with him

Review of Recent advances in biological psychiatry, vol. X: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Convention and Scientific Program of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, 1967.

Review of Recent advances in biological psychiatry, vol. X: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Convention and Scientific Program of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, 1967.

New Titles

New Titles Get access Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, Vol. IX, The Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Convention and Scientific Program of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Washington, D.C., June 10–12, 1966, edited by Wortis Joseph, M.D., Plenum Press, New York, 1967, 377 pp., illus., $6.50. Chromatography, 2nd ed., by Heftmann ErichDr., Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1967, 851 pp., illus., $27.50. The Biochemistry of Animal Development, edited by Weber Rudolf, Vol. II, Academic Press, Inc., New York & London, 1967, 481 pp., illus., $21.00. Works of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vol. 11, edited by Rangelova S. M., Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, People's Republic of Bulgaria. Elements of Chordate Anatomy, 3rd ed., by Weichert Charles K., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, St. Louis, San Francisco, Toronto, London & Sydney, 1967, 472 pp., illus., $8.95. Laboratory Anatomy of the Cat, 4th ed., by Booth Ernest S., revised by Robert B. Chiasson, Wm. C. Brown Co., Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa, 1967, 62 pp., illus., $2.25 (paper). Refrigerated Vehicles, Evaluating the heat loss from insulated vehicles, Economics of refrigerating systems, Institut International du Froid, International Institute of Refrigeration, Paris, 1966, 269 pp., illus. Principles of Biology, 2nd ed., by Buffaloe Neal D. Throneberry J. B., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1967, 402 pp., illus. $7.50. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 17, edited by Butler J. A. V. Huxley H. E., Pergamon Press, Long Island City, New York, 1967, 392 pp., illus., $18.50. Physico-Chemical Processes in Mixed Aqueous Solvents, edited by Franks Felix, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1967, 152 pp., illus., $15.00. Techniques in Protein Biosynthesis, edited by Campbell P. N. Sargent J. R., Vol. 1, Academic Press, Inc., New York & London, 1967, 336 pp., illus., $15.00. BioScience, Volume 17, Issue 9, September 1967, Page 666, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioscience/17.9.666 Published: 01 September 1967

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry.

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry. Vol 7. Edited by Joseph Wortis, MD. Price, $13.50. Pp 297. Plenum Press, 227 W 17 St, New York, NY 10011, 1965. There is no doubt that exogenous agents affect the psyche and behavioral states. Obvious examples would be tranquilizers, antidepressants, or psychodelic agents. There is no doubt of the reverse—that an accentuation of emotions gives evidence of physical manifestations, as rage, for example, increasing the level of epinephrine. In other words, while chemical and electrical stimuli produce changes in the nervous system the opposite can also occur as well. By the latter example I am referring to emotions causing an output or elaboration of a substance normally present in the body. By extrapolation this may be tantamount to emotions producing molecular changes, and evidence may be forthcoming that pervading states, such as boredom, may create somatic changes. There is a third condition in which

The Biochemical Bases of Psychosis, or The Serotonin Hypothesis About Mental Diseases.

<h3>Niacin Therapy in Psychiatry.</h3> By A. Hoffer, PhD, MD. Price, $6.75. Pp XVI and 161, with no illustrations. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 301-327 E Lawrence Ave, Springfield, Ill, 1962. <h3>Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry,</h3> Vol 4. Edited by Joseph Wortis, MD. Price, $13.50. Pp 385, with no illustrations. Plenum Press, 227 W 17th St, New York, 1962. <h3>Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry,</h3> Vol 5. Edited by Joseph Wortis, MD. Price, $13.50. Pp 380, with no illustrations. Plenum Press, 227 W 17th St, New York, 1963. Before the time of Pinel, Psychiatry was a<i>hose-keeping</i>job—or more correctly a punitive job not unlike that of running a penal institution. Thereafter it became a housekeeping job—more correctly a custodial one with better rapport with patients. With Freud it became a sacerdotal job—frequently one surrounded with the mysticisms of the various so-called dynamically oriented schools. Schools of thought are usually based upon plausible

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry. Vol III

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry. Vol III

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, Including a Havelock Ellis Centenary Symposium on Sexual Behavior

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, Including a Havelock Ellis Centenary Symposium on Sexual Behavior

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry, Including a Havelock Ellis Centenary Symposium on Sexual Behavior

The Society of Biological Psychiatry has achieved an important position in the total field, as it represents a special frame of reference to the problems of mental illness. Without pretending that this position enables man to find all the answers, but maintaining that the biology of man is an essential area of study for mental illness, the Society has established a sound scientific position. The present volume includes 27 papers on neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, electroencephalography, drug and somatic therapy, and psychopharmacologic research. Most of these are excellent. The essayists are distinguished investigators; the papers are all worth reading; and the book is highly recommended.