Received Signal Strength Indicator Method Research Articles

Cooperative Scheme ToA‐RSSI and Variable Anchor Positions for Sensors Localization in 2D Environments

To rich good accuracy in the 2D area for wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes, a localization method has to be selected. The objective of this paper is first to select which localization technique is required (Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)) or (Time of Arrival (ToA)) against anchors placement in a 2D area. Depending on whether the anchor nodes are spaced or not and inspired by the idea of using the RSSI method for small distances and the ToA method for greater distances, we will show which method should be used for the positioning process which mainly guarantees a minimal localization error. Second, a two‐dimensional localization scheme for WSN which is called Combined Advantages of ToA‐RSSI (CA ToA‐RSSI), hereafter, ranging methods, is designed in this work, to make the accuracy better during the positioning process. Results provided through MATLAB simulations show that our new technique improves considerably the positioning accuracy compared with the traditional RSSI and ToA ranging method. The proposed scheme can be run under Line of Sight and (LOS) and Nonline of Sight (NLOS) conditions taking into account a difference in the measurement error.

Advanced Vehicle Security and Location Sensing System by using a Single Wireless Device RSSI

Existing investigates on the spot pursue following spotlight either altogether on indoor or totally on outside by exploitation of various gadgets and strategies. This paper expects to follow a client position in each indoor and outside conditions by utilizing a solitary remote gadget with insignificant pursue blunder. RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) method alongside smoothing calculations is intended to cook this answer. The arranged RSSI-based pursue system is part into 2 principle stages, especially the normalization of RSSI coefficients and accordingly the separation together with position estimation of client area by reiterative trilateration. A low quality RSSI smoothing recipe is authorized to lessen the dynamic change of radio sign got from each reference hub once the objective hub is moving. Test estimations square measure distributed to examine the affectability of RSSI. The outcomes uncover the attainability of those calculations in concocting a great deal of right timeframe position watching framework.

RSSI Based Localization of Bluetooth Devices for Visually Impaired

Localization for visually impaired people in dynamically changing environments with unexpected hazards and obstacles is a current need. Many techniques have been discussed in the literature with respect to location-based services and techniques used for the positioning of devices. Time difference of arrival (TDOA), time of arrival (TOA) and received signal strength (RSS) have been widely used for the positioning but narrow band signals such as Bluetooth cannot efficiently utilize TDOA or TOA. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to measure RSS, has been found to be more reliable. RSSI measurement estimations depend heavily on the environmental interference. RSSI measurement estimations of Bluetooth systems can be improved either by improving the existing methodologies used to implement them or by using fusion techniques that employ Kalman filters to combine more than one RSSI method to improve the results significantly. This paper focuses on improving the existing methodology of measuring RSSI by proposing a new method using trilateration for localization of Bluetooth devices for visually impaired people. To validate the new method, class 2 Bluetooth devices (Blue Giga WT-12) were used with an evaluation board. The software required was developed in National Instruments LabView. The PCB was designed and manufactured as well. Experiments were then conducted, and surface plots of Bluetooth modules were obtained to show the signal interference and other environmental effects. Lastly, the results were discussed, and relevant conclusions were drawn.

Distance measurement correction based on feedback filter for RSSI localisation technique in WSNs

Localisation methods based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) are widely used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). They offer an energy reduced and cost-effective solutions for wireless localisation. Due to radio irregularity, RSSI localisation is vulnerable to multipath, shadowing, interference and environmental effects, which reduces the accuracy of localisation results. In this paper, a new distance measurement correction algorithm is presented, which is based on feedback filter and hardware characteristic. It implements the feedback filter with consideration of historical values of RSSI. This enables to predict possible values of RSSI and thus nodes positions. Hardware characteristics, such as multiplication and summation capabilities are explored to improve the localisation accuracy. Real experiments were carried out on panStamp sensor nodes at two different temperatures. The new proposed RSSI technique shows a reduced localisation error compared to the simple RSSI method.

Distance measurement correction based on feedback filter for RSSI localisation technique in WSNs

Localisation methods based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) are widely used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). They offer an energy reduced and cost-effective solutions for wireless localisation. Due to radio irregularity, RSSI localisation is vulnerable to multipath, shadowing, interference and environmental effects, which reduces the accuracy of localisation results. In this paper, a new distance measurement correction algorithm is presented, which is based on feedback filter and hardware characteristic. It implements the feedback filter with consideration of historical values of RSSI. This enables to predict possible values of RSSI and thus nodes positions. Hardware characteristics, such as multiplication and summation capabilities are explored to improve the localisation accuracy. Real experiments were carried out on panStamp sensor nodes at two different temperatures. The new proposed RSSI technique shows a reduced localisation error compared to the simple RSSI method.

A New Localization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Social Network Analysis

The application of wireless sensor networks is widely spread through the last years as it is well known in many fields and multiple applications. Localization of nodes within wireless sensor networks is one of the important topics in studying and managing these networks. The presented new localization technique combines the received signal strength indicator method which limits the communications between nodes to the range of accessible radiated signal, with a new trend which is social network analysis that deals with relationships between nodes in any network with metrics and layouts. By using mixed metric between degree and closeness, we will maintain the suitable elected seeds that will be anchors for around nodes inside the network. Trilateration calculations will be applied between optimized elected nodes with higher centrality to localize the target nodes.

Detection of Multiple R/C Devices Using MVDR and Genetic Algorithms

Reflections, multipath propagation, and scattering creates phantom sources of signal. In addition, reliable detection of radio controlled (RC) devices in the presence of multiple actual devices is a challenging task. RC devices employing super regenerative receivers (SRRs) and super heterodyne receivers emit unintended radiations in their ON-state. This paper introduces a novel detection scheme that combines self-similarity and received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based detection with minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) method. In addition, detection accuracy is improved using multiconstrained genetic algorithms (GAs). RSSI method detects multiple devices from received signal strength and Hurst parameter identifies self-similar SRR devices. Regularized MVDR improves detection of multiple devices by jamming unwanted signals and signals from known angle of arrival. Regularization reduces variation in detection due to environmental noise. Multiconstrained GA is implemented in the cases where MVDR fails. The experimental results for detection have also been presented for multiple SRR receivers (door bells at 315 MHz).

Ubiquitous Total Station Development using Smartphone, RSSI and Laser Sensor providing service to Ubi-GIS

Abstract. The growing trend in technological advances and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) has targeted for intelligent human lives. Accordingly, Ubiquitous Computing Approach was proposed by Mark Weiser. This paper proposes an ubiquitous surveying solution in Geometrics and surveying field. Ubiquitous Surveying provides cost-effective, smart and available surveying techniques while traditional surveying equipment are so expensive and have small availability specially in indoor and daily surveying jobs. In order to have a smart surveying instrument, different information technology methods and tools like Triangle method, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) method and laser sensor are used. These new ways in combine with surveying equations introduces a modern surveying equipment called Ubi-Total Station that also employed different sensors embedded in smartphone and mobile stand. RSSI-based localization and Triangle method technique are easy and well known methods to predict the position of an unknown node in indoor environments whereas additional measures are required for a sufficient accuracy. In this paper the main goal is to introduce the Ubiquitous Total Station as a development in smart and ubiquitous GIS. In order to public use of the surveying equipment, design and implementation of this instrument has been done. Conceptual model of Smartphone-based system is designed for this study and based on this model, an Android application as a first sample is developed. Finally the evaluations shows that absolute errors in X and Y calculation are 0.028 and 0.057 meter respectively. Also RMSE of 0.26 was calculated in RSSI method for distance measurement. The high price of traditional equipment and their requirement for professional surveyors has given way to intelligent surveying. In the suggested system, smartphones can be used as tools for positioning and coordinating geometric information of objects.

Improving Accuracy and Precision of Travel Time Samples Collected at Signalized Arterial Roads with Bluetooth Sensors

Time-stamped, media access control addresses, acquired from Bluetooth-enabled devices to collect travel time data, have received significant attention in the past few years. Research has focused mainly on the application of Bluetooth technology to obtain travel time data on freely flowing roads. A few studies have addressed the use of Bluetooth data collection systems on arterial roads, particularly with respect to travel times between signalized intersections, with questionable accuracy. The objective of this research was to develop a methodology to collect accurate and precise travel time data between signalized intersections, with the use of a data collection system that had a Bluetooth basis. The developed methodology utilized received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data to improve signifi-cantly the accuracy of intersection-to-intersection travel time samples. Test results on a busy arterial road showed that the travel time samples generated with the RSSI method were significantly better (i.e., had less error) than the travel time samples calculated with other methods reported in the literature. The proposed RSSI travel time data collection method could be implemented with any wireless technology that provided a unique identification number to distinguish between different mobile devices and an associated signal strength measurement during the wireless communication process.

A Study on the Patient Location Monitoring System Based on RFID - RSSI

Objective : The location services has been an important research area in the U-Healthcare. The location services in medical environment can be implemented by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) which is the location tracking method by RFID. In this study, we was designed the Patient Location Monitoring System based on RFID using RSSI method. Methods : The RSSI method is a distance measurement method from reference points to object using the Friis's Principle and the Triangulation. The Patient Location Monitoring System was implemented by XML Data transmitted from the Positioning Server to the application. The Patient Location Monitoring System was designed by C# of Visual Studio 2005 and MS-SQL 2005 Express. Results : The Patient Location Monitoring System had the location-tracking average error of 90.50 , the standard-deviation of 13.34 in Open-Space test. And, the designed system ㎝ ㎝ had the location-tracking average error of 163.24 , the standard-deviation of 16.85 in Closed-Space Test. Also, a patient ㎝ ㎝ waiting-list guide performance of the Patient Location Monitoring System had successes of 85~100%. Conclusion : In this study, the Patient Location Monitoring System, combined with both patient location-tracking function and patient waiting-list guide function, was validated by experiments in medical environment and this system can be applicable to patient management and further applications. (Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 15-1, 41-48, 2009)