Recall Method Research Articles

Prevalence of osteoporosis and associated factors among people aged 50 years and older in the Madhesh province of Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe high prevalence of osteoporosis has increased the economic burden on the health system globally. The burden of osteoporosis and its associated factors have not been adequately assessed in community settings in the Nepalese context thus far. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and its associated factors, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary calcium intake.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 people aged 50 years and older in the Madhesh Province of Nepal between July 2022 and August 2023. The Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tools for Asians (OSTA) index was used to measure osteoporosis. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, anthropometric data, lifestyle behavior, daily dietary calcium intake, and frequency of calcium-rich food consumption. A food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall methods were used to assess dietary intake. The chi-square test, binary logistic regression and Mann‒Whitney U test were applied to measure the association between predictors and the outcome of interest.ResultsThe prevalence of no risk, moderate risk and high risk of osteoporosis were 38.7%, 39%, and 22.3% respectively. The risk of osteoporosis was higher in females (aOR = 5.18, CI: 2.10-12.75, p < 0.001) and increased risk with advancing age (aOR = 32.49, CI: 14.02–75.28, p < 0.001). Similarly, underweight was associated with increased odds of having osteoporosis (aOR = 13.42, CI = 4.58–39.30, p < 0.001). The incidence of osteoporosis was strongly associated with daily calcium intake of 225 mg (100, 386).ConclusionThis study revealed a high prevalence of osteoporosis among people aged 50 years and older due to the combined effect of being underweight and having inadequate calcium intake. Nutritional counselling services encourage people to consume sufficient calcium-rich food and adopt an appropriate lifestyle behaviours to maintain healthy body weight so that osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures could be prevented. Further research can explore the impact of socioeconomic status and medical comorbidities on a large scale.

Inadequacy of nutrients in children’s diets across seasons along an agricultural intensification gradient in Ethiopia

Although the production-to-consumption pathway is widely promoted to improve diet quality in developing world, its contribution to individual diet and nutrient intake remains unclear. We assessed this relationship among 377 children aged 6 to 59 months in three zones characterized by landscape diversity along an agricultural intensification gradient from the state forest of Munesa to the nearby town of Arsi Negele, Ethiopia during the two harvest seasons. A repeated interactive multiple-pass 24-h recall method was used to collect intake data. Usual intake distributions for energy, protein, iron, zinc and vitamin A were estimated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method and compared with estimated average requirement values to determine the prevalence of inadequate intake. The usual intake of protein, zinc and vitamin A among children were inadequate and further exacerbated by seasonality. The extent of nutrient inadequacy was higher in the diverse landscape (“near to forest” zone) than in the less diverse landscape (“distant to forest” zone). However, the diverse landscape tended to provide a better buffering capacity against seasonal energy and nutrient stress than a less diverse landscape. The age of a child positively predicted usual intakes of energy, protein, iron, zinc and vitamin A along the gradient, while breastfeeding negatively predicted these intakes. Most of the food groups and nutrients consumed were derived from on-farm production, whereas fruits and vegetables were via the market. Thus, introduction of nutrient-dense crops and increasing livestock productivity are vital to enhance consumption of diverse diets and thereby nutrients among children.

Comparison study of food, energy and nutrient intake by 24-hour dietary recall method on two consecutive days versus three consecutive days

To compare the differences in estimated food, energy, and nutrient intakes between the consecutive 3 days 24-hour dietary recall(24HR)(referred to as the 3-day method) and consecutive 2 days 24HR(referred to as the 2-day method) to provide a basis for the use of consecutive 2 days 24HR in China nutrition surveillance. Using objective sampling to select participants in northern and southern provinces, dietary data were obtained through consecutive 3 days 24HR, and the average intakes of food, energy and nutrients were calculated for three days from Thursday to Saturday and two days on Friday and Saturday, respectively. The 3-day method was considered as the reference standard method to evaluate the performance of the 2-day method for estimating food, energy and nutrient intakes. Among 778 participants aged 18-60 years in urban and rural areas of two provinces, the errors of the mean and median of 2-day method for estimating the intake of four major food categories less than 6% compared with the 3-day method, and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences in four major food categories group(P&gt;0.05). Of the 24 food groups estimated by the 2-day method, 17 had mean errors within 5%, the largest error was in animal offal(13.45%) and the smallest in fruit(0.15%), and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences in seven food groups(P&gt;0.05). For energy and nutrients, the mean and median errors of energy were less than 0.5% and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences for energy(P&gt;0.05). Among the 25 nutrients, except sodium, iodine and vitamin E, the mean and median errors of the other 22 nutrients were less than 5%, and there were significant equivalencies(P&lt;0.025) and no significant differences in 16 nutrients(P&gt;0.05). There was little difference between the two survey method in assessing the intake of high consumption frequency foods, energy and most nutrients at group level, the 2-day method can be used as an alternative to the 3-day method to collect dietary intake data with high consumption rates in the population.

Higher egg consumption and incident cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults - 10-Year follow-up results from China health and nutrition survey

Background and aimsCurrent evidence of the association between egg consumption and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is controversial. We aim to investigate the longitudinal association between egg consumption and the risk of CVD among Chinese adults. Methods and resultsA total of 16,030 adults who attended China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015 were included in this study. Egg consumption was collected with 3-day 24-h recall method supplemented by household inventory record. Cumulative mean egg intake during 1991–2011 were calculated as the habitual intake. CVD incidence was self-reported as being diagnosed by physicians following study entry. The association between egg consumption and incident CVD was examined using Cox regression. The mean age (SD) of the study population was 43.7 (14.8) years and 51% were women. During a 9.9-year (median 9.0) follow up, 663 CVD incidents were reported. The corresponding incident rate (per 1000 person-year) by egg consumption level of none, 1–20, 21–50, and 50+gram/day was 2.6, 4.8, 4.2, 5.5 (P < 0.001) with the unadjusted HR (95% CI) of 1.0, 1.42 (1.12–1.80), 1.31 (1.02–1.67), 2.01 (1.53–2.64). After adjusted for demo socioeconomic, and behaviour factors, egg consumption>50 g/day increased the CVD incident by 43% (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.00. BMI, hypertension, and diabetes mediated the association between egg consumption and CVD. ConclusionHigher egg intake, as part of the modern dietary pattern high in sugars, fat, and animal-source foods, increased the risk of CVD. The effect of egg on CVD incident was partly mediated by overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

Associated factors of dietary diversity among schoolchildren in Plateau Central region of Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study

ContextSchool-age is a dynamic period of growth and development, leading to good health and a productive adult life. Adequate dietary intake provides essential nutrients for growth, health and cognition. However, the practices of adequate nutrition is still not a matter of course for schoolchildren in many countries. The aim of this study was to identify associated factors of dietary diversity among students in public primary school in the Central Plateau Region.MethodMulti-stage sampling was used to select schoolchildren. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information’s of food consumption at home and at school using a 24-h dietary recall method. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with students' dietary diversity scores (DDS) with statistical significance at p < 0.05, after performing Chi-square test of independence to identify candidates variables at p < 0.25.ResultsThe study involved 560 pupils aged 6 to 14 older, including 52.9% girls and 47.9% boys. Dietary diversity was divided into three classes: low (DDS ≤ 4), medium (DDS = 5) and high (DDS ≥ 6). Thus, 13.4% of students have a low DDS and average in 48.9%, versus 37.7% high. Students in Ganzourgou were twice as likely to have a low DDS (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI:1.00–4.04) compared to those in Oubritenga. Household drinking water source, pupil status and father's occupation were significantly associated with pupils' dietary intake.ConclusionPrimary schoolchildren don’t have good dietary practices in the Plateau Central Region. Promoting dietary diversification in households and balanced meals in school canteens would be necessary to improve the DDS of schoolchildren.Trial registrationClinical Trial Number: 2022_33_/MS/MESRSI/CERS of 02/14/2022.

Association of maternal ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy with atopic dermatitis in infancy: Korean Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study

BackgroundMaternal diet during pregnancy might influence the development of childhood allergic disorders. There are few studies on the association between processed food intake and infant atopic dermatitis (AD) during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake during pregnancy with infantile AD.MethodsThis study involved 861 pairs of pregnant women and their offspring from the Mothers’ and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, a multi-center birth cohort project conducted in Korea. Dietary intake was estimated using a 24-h recall method at 12−28 weeks gestation. The NOVA classification was used to identify UPF, and UPF intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy consumption and categorized into quartiles. Infantile AD was assessed based on medical history and the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Associations were assessed by logistic regression with adjustment for confounding factors.ResultsChildren born to mothers in the highest quartile of UPF consumption (15.5% or more of the total energy) compared to the lowest quartile (6.8% or less) showed a higher risk of AD within 12 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07−2.66, P for trend 0.0436]. After adjustment for the confounding factors under study, the association was strengthened; the adjusted OR between extreme quartiles was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.11–4.32, P for trend = 0.0418). This association was maintained even after an additional adjustment based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), an indicator of diet quality.ConclusionsHigher maternal consumption of UPF during pregnancy was associated with a greater risk of infantile AD within the first year of life.

Convolutional neural network application for supply–demand matching in Zhuang ethnic clothing image classification

This study aims to design a classification technique suitable for Zhuang ethnic clothing images by integrating the concept of supply–demand matching and convolutional neural networks. Firstly, addressing the complex structure and unique visual style of Zhuang ethnic clothing, this study proposes an image resolution model based on supply–demand matching and convolutional networks. By integrating visual style and label constraints, this model accurately extracts local features. Secondly, the model’s effectiveness and resolution performance are analyzed through various performance metrics in experiments. The results indicate a significant improvement in detection accuracy at different annotation points. The model outperforms other comparative methods in pixel accuracy (90.5%), average precision (83.7%), average recall (80.1%), and average F1 score (81.2%). Next, this study introduces a clothing image classification algorithm based on key points and channel attention. Through key point detection and channel attention mechanisms, image features are optimized, enabling accurate classification and attribute prediction of Zhuang ethnic clothing. Experimental results demonstrate a notable enhancement in category classification and attribute prediction, with classification accuracy and recall exceeding 90% in top-k tasks, showcasing outstanding performance. In conclusion, this study provides innovative approaches and effective solutions for deep learning classification of Zhuang ethnic clothing images.

Association of healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets with telomere length

Background & aimsPrevious studies have shown that plant-rich dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, are associated with longer telomeres. However, no association has been found between vegetarian diet and telomere length. We hypothesized that the quality of plant-based diets plays an important role in telomere length. MethodsData were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. Diet was assessed using a 24-hour recall method. Plant-based diet quality was assessed using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Telomere length was measured using quantitative PCR. Linear and ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the association of PDIs with log-transformed telomere length and ordinal quintiles of telomere length in descending order, respectively. ResultsIn both regression models, the overall PDI was not associated with telomere length. The hPDI was associated with longer telomere length [percentage change = 2.34%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42%, 4.31%, Ptrend = 0.016; odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.95, Ptrend = 0.013]. However, uPDI was associated with shorter telomere length (percentage change = -3.17%, 95% CI: -5.65%, -0.62%, Ptrend = 0.017; OR = 1.25, 95% CI:1.03, 1.53, Ptrend = 0.014) and this inverse association was stronger in the non-Hispanic white population (Pinteraction = 0.001 in both regression models). ConclusionsA plant-based dietary pattern rich in healthy plant foods is associated with longer telomeres. However, plant-based dietary patterns rich in unhealthy plant-based foods are associated with shorter telomere lengths, especially in non-Hispanic white populations.

A cross-sectional study on the dietary patterns of multiethnic Malaysian preschoolers and their sociodemographic determinants.

Early childhood is a critical developmental stage where established dietary patterns can impact lifelong health outcomes. This study investigates dietary patterns and their relationships with sociodemographic factors among Malaysian preschoolers. A total of 643 preschoolers of Malay, Indian, Chinese and other ethnicities participating in South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a single triple-pass 24-h dietary recall method. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis and their association with sociodemographic factors was determined using complex sampling logistic regressions. Five dietary patterns were identified: "healthy eating," "wholegrains and starchy vegetables," "high salt and sugar," "Western food," and "sugary drinks and legumes". Having older siblings was inversely associated with a "healthy eating" pattern (adjusted OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.87). Malay ethnicity was associated with higher odds of adhering to the "high salt and sugar" pattern (adjusted OR: 4.12, 95% CI: 2.20-7.75). Meanwhile, children living in urban areas (adjusted OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.03-3.01), those from middle-income families (adjusted OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.38-7.40) and whose fathers were overweight (adjusted OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.58-4.94) showed a higher association with "Western food" pattern. Conversely, children whose mothers had overweight were less likely to adhere to the "Western food" pattern (adjusted OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.83). Older age was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of the "sugary drinks and legumes" pattern (adjusted OR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.75-9.06). There was no significant association between "wholegrains and starchy vegetables" pattern with sociodemographic characteristics (all p > 0.05). These findings suggest that ethnicity, age, residence area, having older siblings, parental weight status and household income level are associated with dietary patterns among multiethnic preschoolers in Malaysia. Thus, these sociodemographic characteristics should be considered when designing targeted dietary strategies and interventions for preschoolers.

Association of Dietary Retinol Intake and Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels: Results from NHANES 2013-2014.

There is increasing evidence suggesting that serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels can be used as biomarkers for axonal injury. Retinol is recognized for its significant involvement in nervous system function, but the precise connection between dietary retinol and sNfL levels remains uncertain. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary retinol intake and sNfL, and to find an optimal retinol intake level for neurological health. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted from 2013 to 2014, a cohort of 1684 participants who met the criteria were selected for the study. sNfL levels were measured from stored serum samples using a novel high-throughput immunoassay platform from Siemens Healthineers. Assessment of dietary retinol intake was performed by a uniformly trained interviewer through a 24 h dietary recall method. A generalized linear model was evaluated to assess the correlation between dietary retinol intake and sNfL concentrations. Furthermore, the nonlinear association between the two is further explored using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Upon adjusting for potential confounders, a 10% increase in dietary retinol intake was associated with a 3.47% increase in sNfL levels (95% CI: 0.54%, 6.49%) across all participants. This relationship was more pronounced in specific subgroups, including those under 60 years of age, non-obese, impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and non-diabetic. In subgroup analysis, among those younger than 60 years of age (percent change: 3.80%; 95% CI: 0.43%, 7.28%), changes were found in non-obese participants (percent change: 6.28%; 95% CI: 2.66%, 10.02%), those with impaired eGFR (percent change: 6.90%; 95% CI: 1.44%, 12.65%), and non-diabetic patients (percentage change: 4.17%; 95% CI: 1.08%, 7.36%). RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between dietary retinol intake and sNfL levels. Furthermore, the positive correlation between the two was more significant after the inflection point, according to piecewise linear analysis. This current investigation uncovered a J-shaped relationship between dietary retinol and sNfL levels, suggesting that axonal damage can occur when dietary retinol intake increases more than a specific threshold. These findings need to be further confirmed in future prospective studies to determine the precise intake level that may trigger axonal injury.

Study on the Impact of Dietary Patterns on Cardiovascular Metabolic Comorbidities among Adults.

The prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic comorbidities (CMM) among adults is relatively high, imposing a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. Dietary patterns play a significant role in the occurrence and development of CMM. This study aimed to identify the combined types of CMM in adult populations and investigate the impact of dietary patterns on CMM. Participants in this study were from the sixth wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Dietary intake was assessed using a three-day 24-hour dietary recall method among 4,963 participants. Latent profile analysis was used to determine dietary pattern types. Two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify the combined types of CMM based on the participants' conditions of hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, diabetes, renal dysfunction, hypertension, and stroke. Logistic regression analysis with robust standard errors was used to determine the impact of dietary patterns on CMM. Participants were clustered into three dietary patterns (Pattern 1 to 3) and five CMM types (Class I to V). Class I combined six diseases, with a low proportion of diabetes. Class II also combined six diseases but with a high proportion of diabetes. Class III combined four diseases, with a high proportion of hypertension. Class IV combined three diseases, with the highest proportions of hyperuricemia, diabetes, and renal dysfunction. Class V combined two diseases, with high proportions of dyslipidemia and renal dysfunction. Patients with Class III CMM had a significantly higher average age than the other four classes (P ≤ 0.05). Compared to those with isolated dyslipidemia, individuals with a low-grain, high-fruit, milk, and egg (LCHFM) dietary pattern had a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia combined with renal dysfunction (Class V CMM) with an odds ratio of 2.001 (95% CI 1.011-3.960, P≤ 0.05). For individuals with isolated dyslipidemia, avoiding a low-grain, high-fruit, milk, and egg (LCHFM) dietary pattern may help reduce the risk of developing dyslipidemia combined with renal dysfunction (Class V CMM).

Effect of shift work on dietary habits and occupational stress among nurses in a tertiary care centre: An observational study.

Shift work comprises work hours other than 9 am to 5 pm. Healthcare jobs such as nursing have been associated with shift work, which can affect their overall health status. Due to excessive workload and instability in working hours, nurses are also prone to higher occupational stress. A descriptive study, Cornell Medical Index (CMI) questionnaire, 24-h recall method, and occupational stress score (OSS) were used to assess overall health, calorie intake, and occupational stress among nurses working in a tertiary care centre in Central India. The mean age of participants in the control and study groups was 43.2 ± 6.059 years and 43.93 ± 5.20 years, respectively. Neither of the group's participants had poor nutritional status. CMI health scores revealed poor mental health among the study group. Severe occupational stress was observed in 57% of participants, and 33% had moderate occupational stress. Among the causes of occupational stress, 92% cited unfavourable work conditions, and 88% pointed out the workload. Poor peer relations and low status were cited by 77% and 57% of participants. This study highlights the harmful effects of shift work on health of nurses. These negative effects are usually linked to poor diet and stress, which can be induced by overwork, poor sleep, or both. This study found that high workload is the main cause of occupational stress. Sleep disruption, lack of exercise and excess work load are major contributors for occupational stress and unhealthy eating habits. More awareness regarding importance of good diet and stress management may aid in improving health of nurses working in shifts.

Circulating zinc levels and cardiometabolic risk-related variables in adults

Introduction. Altered serum zinc levels, lower and higher than values in healthy controls, have been observed in individuals affected by non-communicable chronic diseases. However, to date, studies describing potential determinants of zinc levels in general populations free of chronic diseases appear to be limited. Objective. To evaluate whether nutrient intake, biochemical and clinical measures, lifestyle, and family history of cardio-metabolic diseases are independently associated with zinc levels in apparently healthy individuals. Materials and methods. We evaluated 239 healthy subjects. Serum zinc was measured via flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and the remaining biochemical markers were assessed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Standard techniques were employed to quantify waist circumference, height, and weight. Body fat was measured via bioimpedance, and blood pressure was measured using digital sphygmomanometers. We applied a survey to record the personal and family history of non-communicable chronic diseases, and nutrient intake was estimated using the 24-hour recall method. Results. Women had lower serum zinc levels than men. In multivariate analyzes, total fat intake (β = -0.15; standard error = 0.03; p < 0.001), plasma log-triglycerides (β = -10.18; standard error = 3.9; p = 0.010), and female gender (β = -6.81; standard error = 3.3; p = 0.043) were significant predictors for serum zinc levels. Zinc intake was not significantly related to serum zinc in univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions. Variables related to cardiometabolic risk, such as plasma triglyceride levels and total fat intake, were associated with serum zinc levels in individuals without a diagnosis of chronic or infectious/inflammatory diseases. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and to evaluate possible biological mechanisms for these relationships.

Assessing the Nutritional Gap among Under-five Children in Urban Mysore – Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Introduction: Malnutrition in children under 5 years is one of the leading problems affecting their growth and development. According to the National Family Health Survey-5 data in urban areas in India, 27.3% were undernourished, 30.1% were stunted, 18.5% were wasted, 7.6% were severely wasted, and 4.2% were overweight. Therefore, it is necessary to determine their nutritional gap and its factors to prevent complications. Materials and Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was done in urban Mysore. The sample size was 171 under-five children. Malnutrition was assessed using the WHO standards by calculating weight for height. A questionnaire on associated factors was used. The calorie intake was calculated using the 24-h recall method. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and inferential analysis was done using the Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of nutritional gap is 28.1% among 171 under-five children. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education of the head of the family, energy requirement, and midupper arm circumference also were found to be have significant effects on nutritional status. Conclusion: Most of the under-five children were found to be deficient in calorie intake and the prevalence of wasting in the field practice area is lower than the national average. Few risk factors are associated with the nutritional gap in children under the age of five.

Oncologist-Reported Barriers and Facilitators to Offering Cancer Clinical Trials to Their Patients.

NCCN guidelines indicate that cancer clinical trials (CCTs) are the best management for patients with cancer. However, only 5% of patients enroll in them. We examined oncologists' perceived barriers and facilitators to discussing CCTs. This qualitative study was part of the ASCO-ACCC Initiative to Increase Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Clinical Trials. Barriers and facilitators at the system, trial, provider, and patient levels were examined. To achieve triangulation, patient encounters were reviewed using chart-stimulated recall (CSR) methods, thereby obtaining a valid assessment of physician performance. Ten oncology providers participated in this study. Nine were oncologists, and one was a clinical research coordinator; five were female; four were White; three were Asian; and three were Black. Barriers to offering CCTs were a lack of trial availability; ineligibility; a lack of knowledge; assumptions about patient interest, benefits, or harms; patient's disease factors; and negative attitudes. Facilitators of offering CCTs were a physical space to discuss trials; greater trial availability; a systematic approach to offering trials; patient factors; patients seeking trials; a lack of comorbidities; patients being younger in age; patients being aware of, asking about, or hearing of trials from their surgeon; and higher levels of altruism. Many of the cited barriers are addressable with the cited facilitators. A larger study is needed to generalize and validate these findings.

The effect of dietary antioxidant on lung function in pedicab during the COVID-19 pandemic

Rickshaw drivers have a high risk of respiratory disease, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic which is very risky to the respiratory system. The purpose was to determine the effect of antioxidant intake in food on the lung function of pedicab drivers in Surabaya. This study was a cross-sectional design, in May-July 2019. The variables of this study were lung function value and intake of foods containing antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E). The research respondents were pedicab drivers in the Surabaya area. The method used a structured interview method, used the 24-hour recall method. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there was a difference between the value of lung function and the classification of intake of vitamins A, C, and E. The respondents of this study were 62 people with decreased lung function, and 62 people without decreased lung function. there were only 6 respondents who had vitamin A intake per day, while as many as 108 respondents had less level of vitamin A intake per day (87.10%). While the intake of vitamins C and E was still at a lower level in all respondents (100%). The average intake of vitamins A, D, and E on holidays was higher than on weekdays. Vitamin A intake has been shown to affect lung function. There was had significant relationship between dietary vitamin A intake and lung function in FEV1/FVC value. In addition, further research is needed to determine other dietary factors and other lifestyles to be able to maintain the quality of lung health for pedicab drivers.

The Association between Dietary Intake and Lifestyle Patterns of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Manipur, India

The aim of the study was to examine the association between dietary intake and lifestyle pattern of diabetes patients in Manipur. Tribal and non tribal respondents between 45-64 years of age were randomly selected from the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Hospital Manipur. Total number of 200 study subjects, 100 tribal and 100 non tribal subjects constituted the study. The information was collected on socio-demographic profile, clinical, anthropometric measurements and dietary intakes of the patients by using interview schedule and 24-hour dietary recall methods. The data were analyzed and tabulated using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s correlation test. The key results indicate that alcohol consumption, elevated triglycerides levels, low energy, oils and sugar intake were notably linked with the prevalence of diabetes. Additionally, low calcium intake, particularly among non tribal individuals, demonstrated a significant correlation with elevated Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels, suggesting a potential risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Moreover, low calcium intake among the non-tribal community was associated with increased Post Prandial (PP) test results, indicating a rise in post-meal glucose levels. Notably, tribal energy intake and non-tribal protein consumption were significantly associated with HbA1c levels, reflecting their impact on glycemic control.

The effects of pregnancy-related changes in eating attitudes and behaviours on nutritional status.

During pregnancy, the requirements of essential nutrients for the mother and foetus increase. The changes in pregnant women's eating behaviours may vary according to their sociodemographic characteristics. It is important to meet these increased requirements and understand the factors influencing eating habits during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the effects of changes in pregnant women's eating attitudes and behaviours and their sociodemographic characteristics on their meeting status for nutrient recommendations. Sociodemographic information, eating behaviours, and attitudes of 656 pregnant women were obtained in face-to-face interviews between February and June 2020. Food consumption records were taken with a 24-hour recall method and evaluated according to the estimatedaverage requirementvalue. The average age of pregnant women was 29.0 ± 5.2 years, 28.0% were high school graduates, and 69.2% were non-working. The frequency of intakes below the estimated mean requirement value were iron, folic acid, vitamin B6, niacin, and calcium. It was demonstrated that there was a significant difference in snack consumption based on the working status and nutrition information obtained (P < .05). Getting nutrition information, age, education level, working status, and pre-pregnancy body mass index significantly increased food consumption (P < .05). Inadequate nutrient intake is a common public health problem in pregnant women. It is necessary to identify the sociodemographic characteristics that negatively impact pregnant women's nutritional status and to develop nutrition and health education programs based on these features.

A pilot study of the contribution of energy-dense Caribbean diets to acrylamide exposure with associated health risks for a population of university students in Trinidad and Tobago

Previous studies on university students have indicated a significant decline in the consumption of fruits and vegetables complemented by an increase in energy-dense foods. The food toxicant, acrylamide, typically occurs in carbohydrate-rich, energy-dense foods that have been heated. Hence, this work presents an estimated dietary acrylamide exposure for university students in Trinidad and Tobago. A 2-day dietary recall method was used to obtain the food consumption information from 683 university students of differing sociodemographic backgrounds. The acrylamide exposure was estimated using a deterministic approach. The median acrylamide intake was estimated to be 1.39 µg/kg bw/day. The estimated mean acrylamide dietary intakes for the female and male population were 1.40 and 1.37 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Coffee was determined to be the major dietary contributor to acrylamide exposure. However, bread was the food item that was most frequently consumed among the students. Using multiple linear regression, a possible correlation was detected between the acrylamide exposure and these variables: dietary habits (mostly eat out; p < 0.05), and Indian ethnicity (p < 0.10). Using the margin of exposure approach, dietary acrylamide exposure was found to be a health concern with regards to neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. An evaluation of the procedures and results from this pilot study was carried out for the potential of conducting a full-scale research project.

Dietary micronutrients intake and its effect on haemoglobin levels of pregnant women for clinic visit in the Mount Cameroon health area: a cross-sectional study.

Nutritional deficiencies and its consequences such as anaemia are frequent among pregnant women residing in under resource settings. Hence, this study sought to investigate specific dietary micronutrient inadequacy and its effect on maternal haemoglobin levels. This institution based cross-sectional survey enrolled 1,014 consenting pregnant women consecutively. Data on socio-demographic, economic and antenatal characteristics were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) was assessed using the 24-h recall method and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration (g/dL) determined using a portable Hb metre. Significant levels between associations was set at p < 0.05. Among those enrolled, 40.9% were anaemic while 89.6% had inadequate dietary nutrient intake. In addition, uptake of blood supplements, haem iron, plant and animal-based foods rich in vitamin A were 71.5, 86.2, 35.5 and 12.6%, respectively. Moreover, anaemia prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in women who took iron-folic acid along with food groups rich in haem iron (38.5%) or both plant and animal vitamin A (29.0%). Besides, mean maternal Hb levels was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in women who consumed haem iron (11.08 ± 1.35) and vitamin A food groups (11.34 ± 1.30) when compared with their counterparts who did not consume haem iron (10.54 ± 1.19) and vitamin A food groups (10.74 ± 1.31). Dietary uptake of foods rich in haem-iron and vitamin A significantly improves Hb levels in Cameroonian pregnant women. Our findings underscore the importance of improving maternal nutritional awareness and counselling during antenatal period to reduce the anaemia burden.