Rebuilding Program Research Articles

Homing into school to create the ideal classroom: young people want to combine the best of home and school learning environments

ABSTRACT We asked 28 young people (16–18 Years old) from two schools in Lancashire to reflect on their COVID-19 experience and Co-Design the ideal learning environment. In this paper, we present young people’s vision for the ideal classroom that combines the best of the home and school learning environments. Young people would like to have flexible furniture arrangements, with space for group and individual activities, a bespoke learning environment that can be appropriated and adjusted according to individual preferences (e.g. sound, light, temperature, ventilation levels). Furthermore, they aim for comfortable environments with earth colours, natural materials and a direct connection with nature. We argue the importance of taking young people's perspectives presented here to inform future policy, the design of learning spaces and school rebuilding programmes.

Greened shopping spaces and pedestrian shopping interactions: the case of Christchurch

PurposeThe New Zealand city of Christchurch provides a leading example of post-disaster rebuilding in a Central Business District (CBD) area. In its rebuilding programme, the city has given emphasis to the greening of hospitality and traditional retail space through a combination of development of shared pedestrian spaces (with traffic exclusion and calming) and the integration of greening within the streetscape design. This paper aims to assess whether the development of greened pedestrian areas leads to higher retail spending and, thus, retail rental rates.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses pedestrian movement data collected from several CBD locations, as well as spending data on retail and hospitality, to assess relationships between pedestrian movements and spending. This study explores retail spending in greened pedestrian shared spaces, and explores how this differs from retail spending in traditional street areas within the Christchurch CBD.FindingsSpending patterns are location-related, depending on the characteristics of pedestrian space in the selected area. Greened shared pedestrian areas have the highest spending per measured pedestrian for retail and hospitality, whereas traditional street areas have lower spending for retail and hospitality per measured pedestrian, demonstrating the benefits in redeveloped central city areas.Originality/valueThe scope of smart data continues to develop as a research area within urban studies to develop an open and connected city. This research demonstrates the use of innovative technologies for data collection, use and sharing. The results support commercial benefits of greening and pedestrianisation of retail and hospitality areas for CBDs and providing an example for other cities to follow.

Occupational and asset adjustments in Tamil Nadu, India: The role of a finance and rebuilding program

Occupational and asset adjustments in Tamil Nadu, India: The role of a finance and rebuilding program

Factors associated with self-perceived treatment-resistance in bipolar disorder.

Patients with bipolar disorder often report self-perceived treatment resistance. However, it is not known to what extent it is due to actual treatment resistance. The Juntendo University provides "Bipolar Disorder Treatment Rebuilding Program," in which patients with self-reported treatment resistant bipolar disorder are hospitalized for 2 weeks and undergo detailed examinations. In this study, we report our experience with the initial 43 patients hospitalized during the one and half years after the launch of the program. Among the patients who underwent full assessment, only one was regarded as having genuine treatment-resistant bipolar disorder without comorbidity. In other cases, ten were not diagnosed with bipolar disorder, 3 had organic brain diseases, 12 had comorbid mental disorders and its symptoms were regarded as treatment-resistant bipolar symptoms by the patients, and 18 did not receive adequate treatment because attendant physicians did not adhere to the treatment guidelines or patients did not adhere to the treatment because of lack of insight. The number of participants was not large, and selection bias hampered the generalization of the findings. Insight and adherence were assessed without the use of validated tools. We could not verify recovery after adequate treatment because of the limited hospitalization period. The findings suggest that most patients with self-perceived treatment-resistant bipolar disorder may not have genuine treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. These results shed light on the difficulties of public education of bipolar disorder and importance of providing appropriate services for diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in the community.

Visions, Plans, and Schemes: Reconstructing African American St. Louis after the 1927 Tornado

This article explores the conflicting claims on urban redevelopment in the aftermath of the 1927 St. Louis tornado. In the Finney Avenue District, a nascent middle-class African American neighborhood, residents saw the post-tornado rebuilding program as an opportunity for civic improvement through the construction of new schools and housing. This grass-roots vision, however, ran up against the objectives and machinations of efficiency-minded city planners and profit-seeking developers. A micro-analysis of the rebuilding process sheds light on the racial politics of early 20th century urban redevelopment as well as the role of natural disasters in reshaping the urban landscape.

The 1405 Richard Scrope Execution Verses (Long Version)

The article presents a previously unpublished long version of an Anglo-Latin poem on Henry IV’s executions of Archbishop Richard Scrope and others at York in 1405. It is argued that the poem was not part of the well-known hagiography of Scrope that grew quickly up for funding rebuilding programmes at York Minster, also exemplified in the paper; rather, it is a poetic contribution to the contemporary secular historiography of the York Rebellion against the Lancastrian regime, implicating the archbishop in active leadership of it.

A Comparison of Three Data-Poor Stock Assessment Methods for the Pink Spiny Lobster Fishery in Mauritania

Several data-poor stock assessment methods have recently been proposed and applied to data-poor fisheries around the world. The Mauritanian pink spiny lobster fishery has a long history of boom and bust dynamics, with large landings, stock collapse, and years-long fishery closures, all happening several times. In this study, we have used catch, fishing efforts, and length-frequency data (LFD) obtained from the fishery in its most recent period of activity, 2015–2019, and historical annual catch records starting in 2006 to fit three data-poor stock assessment methods. These were the length-based Bayesian (LBB) method, which uses LFD exclusively, the Catch-only MSY (CMSY) method, using annual catch data and assumptions about stock resilience, and generalised depletion models in the R package CatDyn combined with Pella-Tomlinson biomass dynamics in a hierarchical inference framework. All three methods presented the stock as overfished. The LBB method produced results that were very pessimistic about stock status but whose reliability was affected by non-constant recruitment. The CMSY method and the hierarchical combination of depletion and Pella-Tomlinson biomass dynamics produced more comparable results, such as similar sustainable harvest rates, but both were affected by large statistical uncertainty. Pella-Tomlinson dynamics in particular demonstrated stock experiencing wide fluctuations in abundance. In spite of uncertain estimates, a clear understanding of the status of the stock as overfished and in need of a biomass rebuilding program emerged as management-useful guidance to steer exploitation of this economically significant resource into sustainability.

Developing a 3D Reconstruction System for Surgical Planning in Neurovascular Surgery

Background and Aim: Neurovascular lesions can cause death or disability. Some of them are operable, but surgical approaches are complicated, and proper access to these lesions is crucial. A few of these surgeries occur during the residency educational program, and residents' experience in operating these lesions may be quite inadequate. Using new technologies like 3D-reconstruction of vascular lesion images may result in better training and improve residents' knowledge and understanding of these operations. Methods and Materials/Patients: Four senior neurosurgery residents were enrolled in this study. They were taught to use a 3D image rebuilding program (3D Slicer). They were then asked to rebuild a 3D image of every patient lesion, practice different surgical views, and review anatomical structures around the lesion before surgery. Results: All residents mentioned that their knowledge of surgical approaches improved, and they learned more from each operation. Two of them commented that more self-trust during surgeries led to more effective education. Their ability in surgical planning was enhanced too. Attending physicians of these residents believed that this practice improved the residents' skills and educational quality. Conclusion: New technologies can promote residency educational programs. It seems that working on 3D images of lesions before surgery can boost residents' educational attributes.

The Effectiveness Perceptual Skills Rebuilding Program on Improving Motor Problem in Student With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Background and Aims: Developmental coordination disorder is one of the most obvious deficiencies in the development of motor skills in primary school children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptual skills program on improving motor problems in children with developmental coordination disorders in elementary students. Methods: The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population includes all students (age range 7-9 years) in the city of Mashhad who had referred to rehabilitation centers in this city in 1396 and their number was 40 people. After identifying students with developmental coordination disorder, 20 of them were randomly selected to receive training and trained for 16 sessions of 30 minutes. The instruments used in the study were Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire Version 7 for Parents (DCDQ-7), Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (short form) and Broninex-Ozertsky Motor Skills Test. Results: Analysis of statistical results showed that reconstruction of perceptual skills had a significant effect on the growth of perceptual-motor macro performance (P<0.001, F= 51.25 ) perceptual-motor equilibrium performance (P<0.001, F= 25.11). And fine motor perceptual function( P<0.001, F= 42.32) in children with developmental coordination disorder, and the results of the study indicate a significant effect of perceptual exercises on motor skills of subjects in the experimental group compared to the group. It was control. Conclusion: The present study showed that perceptual skills training can have useful and significant applications for improving motor problems in children with developmental coordination disorders and can provide various and valuable services for assessment, educational methods and treatment of these children.

Customized 3D digital human model rebuilding by orthographic images-based modelling method through open-source software

Customized 3D digital human model (DHM) is required in many fields. In the clothing industry, there are many professional technologies, such as high-resolution body scanners and commercial 3D modelling software. As e-commerce opportunities have grown, non-professional users, such as fashion designers and consumers, have begun to access the technology of 3D DHM. Thus, a low-cost modelling process, which requires few professional skills, is needed. A customized 3D DHM rebuild method was presented based on orthographic body images using an open-source 3D modelling software, Blender. The research was composed of three parts: body cross-section contours template establishment, body rebuilding process programming, and tests of the methodology with evaluation. Finally, a group of seven subdivided templates and an easy-operating body mesh rebuilding program were developed. By testing with 74 scanned body models, highly accurate torso models were obtained. The method is license-free and has potential to be extended for customized garment modelling.

Methods for the Sustainable Rebuilding of Overexploited Natural Resources

In this paper, we introduce an approach based on viability theory for designing rebuilding programs for overexploited natural resources. Instead of using the so-called viability kernel, as is usual in the applications of viability theory, we consider the set of sustainable thresholds, which represents the constraints (parametrized by thresholds) that can be sustained from the current level of the resources under study over time. The recovery of the Southern hake in Chile is presented as an example to illustrate the proposed approach.

Overcoming Spatial Mismatch: The Opportunities and Limits of Transit Mode in Addressing the Black–White Unemployment Gap

Spatial inequality is a central characteristic of U.S. metropolitan areas. Overcoming related employment disadvantages requires a broad set of responses: relocation, economic development, or an increase in mobility. Given the difficulty of widespread relocation or urban rebuilding programs, increasing mobility through transportation options may be a core solution in the short term. This article explains the racial gap in unemployment under spatial mismatch in the largest metropolitan areas by examining racial gaps in automobile access and public transit use. Research questions focus on which transit options are important to negotiate spatial mismatch and whether there are racial differences in the transit effect. Presented are descriptive and multivariate analyses using 2000 data from the U.S. Census, the Economic Census, and the Zip Code Business Pattern files. Findings show that comparatively, automobile access dominates the public transit effect on Black and White male unemployment in the 100 largest MSAs. First–difference analyses show that Black/White gaps in automobile access correlate with greater racial unemployment disparities, while racial gaps in public transit access seem to be associated with lower racial disparities in unemployment.

‘Building back better’ along the Sanriku coast of Tohoku, Japan: five years after the ‘3/11’ disaster

This paper addresses the concept of ‘build back better’ and its application to reconstruction along the Sanriku coastal region, which was affected by a devastating tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011. I argue that although the Japanese government applied build-back-better approaches (fukko in Japanese), there have been contradictions, challenges and contestations that have delayed the successful recovery of the affected communities. Empirical material collected from field trips to north-east coastal Japan revealed many problems that have impeded this recovery in the first five years of the rebuilding programme. The results question the usefulness of the build-back-better approach to reconstruction.

Intention, Interpretation and Reception: The Aestheticization of Poverty in William Bouguereau’s Indigent Family

When William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905) exhibited the painting Indigent Family (Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery) at the 1865 French Salon, Paris was undergoing an extensive rebuilding program. The Indigent Family, however, instead of focusing on the renovated city of modernity, fashion and consumerism, revealed the backstage of Paris, and focused on the new forms of social misery and alienation that lay behind the urban improvements. Utilizing Howard S. Becker’s (1982) definition of the art world as consisting of all the people whose coordinated activities produce works that are defined as art, this article examines the relationship between Bouguereau’s oeuvre and its social environment. Through an examination of the artist’s aims, his dealer’s strategies and the critics’ reception, it analyzes the difference between the French buyers’ lack of interest in the painting and the British collectors’ enthusiastic response. The article uses the assimilation-contrast theory in order to claim that embellished poverty, which was rejected by critics on account of commercialization, attracted the bourgeoisie because it could be assimilated into its own range of experiences. Combined with theories of empathy, which decrypt the benefits of self-interest that lie at the heart of empathic feelings, the article asserts that Bouguereau’s idealized beggar generated public empathy because its embellishment produced compassion through the process of assimilation and shared identity. By purchasing an image of an idealized beggar that fell within their range of acceptance, the article claims that the clients not only verified their imagery-imaginary benevolence, but also generated genuine generosity.

Governance and resilience: A case of re-development after a bushfire disaster

Abstract The case study on the re-building program of the Victoria bushfire disaster of 7th Feb 2009 provides insights on the relationship between governance structures in post-disaster re-development and the goal of building sustainable and resilient communities. The paper links ‘governance’ to ‘resilience’ using Stage VI of Turner's 1976 model as a theoretical lens. A qualitative research strategy was utilized to elicit descriptive qualitative responses from which research goals were addressed. The findings show that the design of governance structures for re-building after a disaster impacts the ability to secure resilience. Also, several resilience aspects seem to be impacted by governance issues relating to: the balance between urgency vs. need of space; the role of formal and informal stakeholders; the social-psychological dimension in information sharing as well as entrepreneurial opportunities in rebuilding, and economic sustainability.

Australian Artists Abroad

Australian Artists Abroad

Historiography of Swedish Building Types

SummaryThis article investigates Swedish building type research as a methodological genre formed by the idea that architectural history is a history of construction tasks and functions. Departing from an analysis of 50 studies carried out mainly by art historians and ethnologists, we delineate the formation of a genre, its characteristics and changes over time. As the concept of building type can refer either to form or to function, we argue that it is necessary to pinpoint the scope of building type studies. Otherwise, when speaking of activity types as if they were synonymous with form types, there has been a tendency to omit from architectural history those buildings that were not planned to serve the function they eventually came to hold. The starting place of the methodology is the early twentieth-century mapping activities of Nordiska museet, initially covering peasant settlements and manors. Following this era, the Svensk stad project introduced function as the central point of departure for built environment studies. The third stage is the development of a professional conservation practice, which, in the 1960's, brought critique of the modernist post-war rebuilding programmes and emphasised sustainability. Finally, most building type studies have abandoned their buildings at the moment when they are ready for use, or even earlier. We suggest that, to comprehend a building's historical function and significance, we need to include reconstructions and modifications, both blueprints and usage. Such research may open doors to new possibilities, which will require a deepening of theoretical outsets and methodologies.

New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report. Conclusions and recommendations.

New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report. Conclusions and recommendations.

Epic Tragedy: Jammu & Kashmir Floods: A Clarion Call

September 2014 unprecedented floods in Jammu & Kashmir tell the tale of human misery not witnessed by this state in over 100 years. The devastation caused by the flood is colossal. It claimed over three hundred human lives and destroyed everything that came its way-residential houses, schools, colleges, hospitals, paddy fields, orchards, government establishments and businesses et-cetera. It has rendered thousands of people homeless and jobless. The destruction around has left the entire society traumatized. The signs of history, art, culture, heritage, architecture and pristine natural beauty stand ruined. Hundreds of educational institutions suffered a colossal damage. Six large hospitals in the capital city were inundated in the floods. Fourteen neonates have died at the G B Pant Children Hospital after the water entered the building. This was a disaster of international ramifications - a classic case on urban flooding and need to be studied worldwide. Kashmir suffered losses in excess of one trillion INR. Across the State, 125,000 families have been affected, 5642 villages were affected across the State and 800 villages remained sub-merged for over two weeks. More than 350000 structures – mostly residential houses – have been damaged. State government has projected a 44000 crore INR for relief and rehabilitation. Government must create Taskforce for Rehabilitation and also a Reconstruction Authority to co-ordinate the rebuilding programme. Kashmir needs technological innovation that will enable people to produce more welfare without tampering with nature and history of living in this ‘Paradise on Earth’. There is a need for an Eco-sensitive Development in the Fragile Himalayan Environment. Health effects like PTSD in population are an emerging issue that will need attention of public health authorities. Community based research is required to measure the morbidity due to psychiatric diseases as a consequence of floods. Similarly the impact of disaster on the mental health of children and young adults should be a priority. Serious efforts are required to make disaster preparedness an important agenda of governance.

Asymmetrischer Wiederaufbau in Städten nach Katastrophen. Das Lower Ninth Ward in New Orleans nach Orkan Katrina

When flood events trigger disaster in cities, the recovery process constitutes a complex field of activity covering urban space, state institutions, and impacted citizens. Recovery may not occur evenly, but instead, asymmetrically. In the case of the city of New Orleans in the USA, heavily hit by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, this can be observed particularly in the city’s Lower Ninth Ward. Here, a rebuilding program oriented towards homeowners was supposed to enable citizens to return. Why couldn’t the plans and programs for recovery prevent the emergence of asymmetric recovery in the Lower Ninth Ward? This paper shows that these plans and programs didn’t adequately respond to urban spatial and social conditions and weren’t oriented towards the vulnerability of impacted citizens. For this purpose, empirical data collected via quantitative and qualitative methods in 2007 and 2009 are featured here. The aim is to support knowledge-based planning recommendations that address the vulnerability of impacted citizens and to contribute to a discussion on just and sustainable recovery in and of cities after disaster.