Rebuilding Of Houses Research Articles

Against the trend: evaluation of Nepal’s owner-driven reconstruction program

Currently, owner-driven reconstruction (ODR) has become a default large-scale post-disaster housing strategy and particularly in resource-poor countries. The latest example is the 2015 Nepal earthquake reconstruction effort. Although an impressive amount of house rebuilding did occur, more and more families have rebuilt their homes as one-room or one-storey earthquake-safe abodes that barely fulfil family needs. In this paper, inspired by Lefebvre’s ‘production of space’ concept, I discuss how ODR has changed building construction in rural Nepal. I also argue that ODR followed a ‘trendy’ donor-preferred housing reconstruction strategy without seriously taking into account the implementation issues, particularly the paucity of effective approaches to mobilize people to rebuild their houses. Through a critical review of previous ODR cases and my ethnographic study of the Nepal earthquake, I find that five key elements of successful ODR practices are missing. These are organizational structure of reconstruction institution, technical support, public-private partnerships, policy communication, and support for vulnerable groups.

Trends of garden trees within detached residential housing by development decade in Kashiwa City, Chiba, Japan

Using Kashiwa City in Chiba Prefecture as a case of a suburban residential community in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region, the present study identified the trends of garden trees in detached houses with a focus on the development decade. We conducted a field survey and a stereoscopic aerial photo analysis to determine tree species, height, and canopy area in the selected districts by different development decades. The result can be summarized as follows; 1) The highest values were confirmed in both canopy area and number of species in the 1980s-developed district, while the values became lower in the 90s and 2000s. 2) Rebuilding of houses may influence the lower values in canopy area and number of species in the 1970s. 3) Few differences were found in tree height in the selected districts. 4) While Japanese-style gardens consisting of native species were preferred in the 70s and 80s, Western-style gardens became mainstream in the 90s. In the 2000s, more introduced species were found, and specific popular species were preferred.

Humanitarian aid and local responses: the aftermath of the rebuilding effort on Tongoa island, Vanuatu.

Cyclone Pam swept through the archipelago of Vanuatu on 13-14 March 2015, with wind speeds exceeding those recorded anywhere in the South Pacific since the 1980s. Southern and central parts of the country were particularly affected. Material damage on Tongoa, one of the most afflicted islands, was extensive, but no deaths were reported. During the storm, villagers found shelter in their kitchen, in what is considered locally as a 'lifeboat'. The aftermath was managed and mitigated by international aid organisations. On Tongoa, this included a 'Shelter Cluster' programme, under which villagers were given house rebuilding kits. Elaborating upon extensive ethnographic investigations on site between 2011 and 2018, this paper explores and reveals the ways in which this aid generated confusion among the local population. In a larger context of regular disasters triggered by natural hazards, locals have found endogenous ways of dealing with such extreme climatic events, for the most part without any external assistance.

Build Back Better and Long-Term Housing Recovery: Assessing Community Housing Resilience and the Role of Insurance Post Disaster

The purpose of this research is to better understand community housing resilience and the role of insurance using a Build Back Better Long-term Recovery Housing framework to analyze approaches and effects on long-term housing rebuilding and recovery. A comparative case study approach is taken to assess insurance policies and outcomes following Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and the Canterbury earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand, both affluent urban communities with strong insurance markets. Framed within the context of “Build Back Better”, the community housing and insurance resilience assessment is based on five key indicators; governance, community resources, risk reduction, housing rebuilding funding (funding and speed of funding), and time compression (built environment and periods of recovery time). Public and private insurance schemes for both case studies are identified and are considered together with analysis of insurance claims and other sources of financial support. The findings and results show that recovery is the result of highly interdependent Build Back Better processes. The data suggests that insurance and governance systems greatly influences the onset and overall speed of recovery (time compression), thereby performing a major role in long-term recovery. This research provides an original contribution to disaster recovery knowledge by analyzing insurance claims from two well-documented natural disasters. Additionally, the paper proposes for the singular definition of community housing resilience.

MOBILISASI SUMBER DAYA DAN PARTISIPASI PUBLIK DALAM GERAKAN FILANTROPI ISLAM: Studi pada LAZIS Muhammadiyah di Kecamatan Kalasan, Sleman

There has been much progress achieved by development in all aspects of human life. However, it is the fact that many layers of the society are left behind the development progress for various reasons. In addition to government’s role, the role of non-state actors like Islamic philanthropic organisations in addressing the problem looks more significant in recent times. Previous studies have explored various aspects of Islamic philanthropic movement, especially in Indonesia. This article focuses on forms of program and mobilization strategy of resources and public participation. Data in this article was collected through a fieldwork on the philanthropic activities of Lazis Muhammadiyah in Kalasan, Sleman, DIY. This Lazismu conducted various empowerment programs, such as house rebuilding, building food stall for those who need a job, education for children through scholarship and parenting in orphanage. This study finds that creating a room of participation for the program beneficiaries and the people around them is the key for effectiveness and efficiency of a philanthropic movement. Participation can be pushed from the stage of planning, executing, and maintaining an empowerment program.The synergy between organisational missions and community solidarity makes the mobilisation of resources and public participation relatively easier.

The Legitimacy of the Reconstruction Charge

재건축사업에서 발생되는 초과이익을 환수함으로써 주택가격의 안정과 사회적 형평을 도모하여 국민경제의 건전한 발전과 사회통합에 이바지함을 목적으로 하는 「재건축초과이익 환수에 관한 법률」(재건축이익환수법)이 2006년에 제정되었다. 이 법에 의한 재건축부담금의 부과가 2018년부터 이루어졌고, 재산권 침해 등의 이유로 이 법에 대한 헌법소원이 제기되었으나 헌법재판소는 2019년 12월에 합헌이라고 결정하였다. 그러나 개발이익 환수제도는 근본적으로는 헨리 조지의 지대조세제를 완화된 형태로 적용한 것이고, 우리나라는 이러한 영국의 개발이익 환수법제를 받아들였다고 할 수 있는데, 이는 토지 또는 주택소유자의 소유권에서 개발권을 분리하여 사실상 무상 국유화하는 것이고, 재건축부담금은 본질적으로는 집합건물의 구분소유자인 개인이 사실상 상당 부분 국유재산이 된 자신의 집합건물에 대한 사용료라고 하겠다. 이러한 것은 사실상 개인의 재산권을 국가가 보상 없이 수용한 것과 같다. 따라서 이렇게 개인의 재산권을 침해하는 재건축이익환수법은 폐지되어야 한다.The “Restitution of Excess Rebuilding Gains Act”, which aims to achieve the stabilization of housing prices and social equality and to contribute to the sound growth of the national economy and social integration by retrieving excess gains yielded from housing rebuilding projects, was enacted in 2006. Rebuilding charges under this act were imposed from 2018, and a constitutional complaint was filed against this act for reasons such as infringement of property rights, but the Constitutional Court ruled that it was constitutional in December 2019. However, the restitution of development gains system is basically the application of Henry George s land-value taxation in a relaxed form, and it can be said that Korea s the restitution of development gains system accepted the UK s the restitution of development gains system. In fact, it is the nationalization of individual development rights without compensation, and the rebuilding charges is essentially a rent for use of the building. Therefore, Restitution of Excess Rebuilding Gains Act, which infringes on individual property rights, should be abolished.

Dynamic economic resilience scenarios for measuring long-term community housing recovery

ABSTRACT The research measures post-disaster long-term housing recovery to assess community resilient recovery using the case of Broadmoor, a community located in New Orleans. Dynamic economic resilience scenarios calculate post-disaster housing recovery and differences of rebuilding using three housing recovery scenarios (baseline, reference recovery and dynamic economic resilience). The baseline scenario projects changes in housing market values without a disaster. The reference recovery scenario calculates post-disaster housing reconstruction values (e.g. repair rates and housing rebuilding permits), and a hypothetical housing recovery profile using damage assessments and building permits for rebuilding based on available investments (insurance and buy-outs). The dynamic economic resilience scenario models all potential and accelerated investments (uninsured versus insured, or buyouts for homeowners). A future dynamic economic resilience recovery scenario takes into account the benefits of housing reconstruction improvements, (e.g. levee and pump investments). The results identify an ideal sustainable long-term recovery threshold of three years after the disaster event. The results reveal the conceptualised dynamic economic resilience scenarios leads to shorter time-paths for recovery, and that the sustainable long-term recovery threshold is approximately three years after the disaster event.

Modeling Long-Term Housing Recovery after Technological Disaster Using a Virtual Audit with Repeated Photography

Many communities face risks of technological disasters at fertilizer plants and other facilities. Understanding damage and rebuilding of housing supports planners in implementing policies that will enable recovery. Using repeat photography, this study audited housing rebuilding in West, Texas for three years following an explosion. Photos were combined with appraisal data to understand variation in rebuilding across parcels. Results indicate that rebuilding slows dramatically after year 1, leaving many parcels vacant three years post-disaster. Parcels with higher pre-disaster values were more likely to be completely rebuilt. Planners need targeted programming to support rebuilding of lower-value homes and address vacancies.

More on history houses at Çatalhöyük: A response to Carleton et al.

In a recent article in this journal, Carleton et al. (2013) cast doubt on a hypothesis about the social organization of the Neolithic tell site of Çatalhöyük in central Turkey. The hypothesis concerns ‘history houses’ that were continually built in the same place and in which many interments occurred. Carleton et al. argue that the history house hypothesis ‘contends that the corporate kin-group was the main form of socioeconomic organization at Çatalhöyük during the PPNB, and that the corporate kin-groups would have been maintained by the repeated rebuilding of houses in the same place and by the burial of important members under the floors of the houses’ (Carleton et al., 2013, 1821). They test the history house hypothesis by examining the relationship between continuity of houses and the percentage of houses that contain burial. The purpose of this response is to (a) clarify the hypothesis, (b) show that the claimed test does not test the hypothesis, and (c) demonstrate that poor and out-of-date data were used. Data are presented that go some way to confirm a link between ‘history houses’ and burial at Çatalhöyük and reinforce wider scholarly discussion of Neolithic history and memory making.

Ancona 1945-1955. Una ricostruzione dimezzata

The period of the reconstruction, after WW2, is rightly considered a missed opportunity to restart the process of modernization and development of Italian cities, in particular historic centres, after 20 years’ dictatorship. The plans made by technicians, professionals and civil servants, highlight the need to overcome the limits of 19th-century towns and the solutions found at the beginning of the 20th century, which proved unable to understand the importance of the existing cultural heritage. The answer of administrators and politicians is somewhere else, in the attempt to substitute the retrieval of towns with new buildings in free areas (with economic speculation). The rubble of the bombings are cleared away to show efficiency, but the rebuilding of houses is blocked by bureaucracy. Surely, this scheme cannot be applied to the whole country. In Ancona the clearing of the rubble in the port and in the centre wipes away the historic memory of a rich, complex texture; the 1946 reconstruction plan proposes new solutions regarding mobility, service location beyond military ties. The political debate, instead, shows great interest in these problems and pays particular attention to suburban areas. The decisions made delay the retrieval problems, leaving the possibility to build without any restraints. In this way new building yards are opened on the hills of the Pennocchiara valley and in other suburban areas, so giving shape to the city we know nowadays.

The Location of Self-managed Rebuilding of Houses by Residents after the Great East Japan Earthquake

The Location of Self-managed Rebuilding of Houses by Residents after the Great East Japan Earthquake

バングラデシュからイギリスへの移民の出身地における生活状況と住宅様式に関する研究

In this study, it aimed to focus on Sylhet Zila in Bangladesh where has been sending out lots of emigration to United Kingdom by chain migration from the British colonial period. Trough the housing research on Sylhet Zila and Biani Bazar, this study clarified that there are some influence on living condition and housing style at emigrants' hometown from their experiences in United Kingdom through the long-term movement. In the living situation of Sylhet Zila, rebuilding of houses and construction of infrastructure have been progressing with overseas remittance. The housing style of emigrants' houses has had some aspects from propagation of housing culture from United Kingdom. Building houses in Sylhet Zila show different feature of housing style from Tin/Wooden, Semi pacca, and Building in other areas.

空間的な利用状況から見るコアハウスの有用性

2009 West Sumatra Earthquake caused serious damage to mountainous areas. Core Houses were provided for house rebuilding at Padan Pariaman by NGO. It seemed that this core house was inherited from the case of house rebuilding in 2006 Central Java Earthquake. Comparing these two cases, the core house system seems to enhance effectiveness in community rebuilding on the same location. This paper shows the spatial use development and expansion of the core house in various directions at Talam, Lima Koto Timur, Padang Pariaman and shows its usefulness, cost efficiency, appropriateness, impact at devastated area for local people.

Corporate kin-groups, social memory, and “history houses”? A quantitative test of recent reconstructions of social organization and building function at Çatalhöyük during the PPNB

It has been argued that the corporate kin-group was the main form of socioeconomic organization at the Turkish site of Çatalhöyük during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB). This hypothesis is linked to a claim of long-term repetitive patterning in the use of household space. Çatalhöyük's corporate kin-groups, it is suggested, would have been maintained by social memory, and social memory would have been created by the repeated rebuilding of houses with the same floor plan and by the burial of important members of the corporate kin-groups under house floors. This hypothesis been taken up by a number of authors in recent years. However, it is not clear how much confidence should be invested in the hypothesis as the use of household space at Çatalhöyük during the PPNB has not been subject to formal evaluation. With this in mind, we carried out a study in which we examined the relationship between continuity in house floor plans and the percentage of houses that contain burials. To assess the co-variation between these variables, we developed a GIS-based method of quantifying house wall continuity, and then subjected the resulting index and a number of other variables, including the percentage of houses that contain burials, to factor analysis. The results of the analyses do not support the hypothesis. The house-wall continuity index and the percentage of houses that contains burials load on different factors, which indicates that they do not co-vary through time. This is contrary to the predictions of the corporate kin-group hypothesis. Thus, claims that during the PPNB Çatalhöyük's occupants formed corporate kin groups that were maintained by social memory and “history houses” should be curtailed and interpretations built on this hypothesis should be viewed with suspicion.

An integrated approach: managing resources for post-disaster reconstruction

A lack of resources for post-disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post-disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in-field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country-specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts.

주택재건축사업의 매도청구권 행사 절차의 문제점 분석

정비사업에 있어서 사업시행자가 사업을 시행하기 위해서는, 사업구역 내 부동산을 직접 취득 하거나 소유자들로부터 사업시행에 대한 동의를 받아야만 한다. 주택재건축사업의 경우 조합과 미동의자 사이에 부동산에 대한 협의가 이루어지지 아니할 때 원활한 사업진행을 위해 매도청구제도가 사용된다. 그러나 매도청구권 행사 절차에 대한 규정이 명확하지 않아 재건축사업의 이해관계자들 간의 분쟁이 다발하고 있으며, 이러한 법적분쟁은 사업기간 연장 및 사업비용 증가와 같은 재정적 문제로 직결 되며, 극단적인 경우에는 사업성이 상실되어 재건축사업을 포기해야 하는 사태를 유발하기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 매도청구권의 행사 절차와 관련된 법적분쟁에 있어서의 판례 및 실제 재건축 사업 사례를 살펴보고, 재건축사업의 이해관계자들에게 설문조사를 실시하여, 이해관계자 입장별 인식의 차이 및 매도청구권 행사 절차의 문제점을 도출한다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 이해관계자 다수가 원하는 매도청구권제도의 개선 방안을 제시함으로써, 법적 분쟁을 미연에 방지하여, 재건축 사업의 성공에 일조하는데 그 목적이 있다. In various urban renewal projects related to real estate, developer in order to conduct the business, must get real estate inside project section directly or receive the consent for project from the owners. It must be carried out by consultation. When it fails, developer, in order to get ownership, adopts 'the Right of Claim for the sale' which has forcibleness. However, because the procedure for implementation of the right of claim for the sale is not clear, conflict between stakeholders is caused and it causes extension of period. Therefore, after examining judgments and references of judicial power for administrative litigation of the Right of Claim for the sale, by researching stakeholders of the housing rebuilding project and based on the results, finding out differences of stakeholders' recognition according to their position and problems of exercising procedure of the Right of Claim for the sale, and by presenting improvement plans of the system of the Right of Claim for the sale, contributing the success of the housing rebuilding project is the purpose of it.

An integrated approach: managing resources for post‐disaster reconstruction

A lack of resources for post‐disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post‐Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post‐disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in‐field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country‐specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts.

Housing anxiety and multiple geographies in post‐tsunami Sri Lanka

Tsunami intervention has been an extraordinary and unprecedented relief and recovery operation. This article underlines the complexities posed by shelter and housing intervention in post-tsunami Sri Lanka, revealing a pragmatic, reductionist approach to shelter and housing reconstruction in a contested and fragmented environment. Competition, housing anxiety and buffer zone implementation have resulted in compulsory villagisation inland, stirring feelings of discrimination and tension, and becoming major obstacles to equitable rebuilding of houses and livelihoods. A new tsunami geography has been imposed on an already vulnerable conflict-based geography, in which shelter has been conceived as a mono-dimensional artefact. An analysis of the process and outcomes of temporary and permanent post-tsunami housing programmes yields information about the extent to which shelter policies and programmes serve not only physical needs but 'higher order' objectives for a comprehensive and sustainable recovery plan.

木小舞土壁を有する梁通し型木造住宅の温熱環境性能と気密性能に関する実験的研究

Recently, our action against global environmental concerns including global warming is high priority issue. Then an energy saving, effective use of the resource, the reduction in the construction waste and the reuse of the material are important problems in the architectural production field. The authors are researching the timber house rebuilding system that uses the used structural members again. The wall of an earthquake-resisting element adopts the wood siding wall and the mud wall that is composed by Kikomai, Nuki and mud. The case study house was constructed to clarify the effectiveness of this system. In this paper, the indoor thermal environment performance and the air tight performance obtained from the environmental measurement result are described.

STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF VACANT LOT BY HOUSING REBUILDING IN HILLSIDE HIGH-DENSITY AREAS

The purpose of this research is to clarify the characteristic and usage of vacant lot through the house rebuilding. The results of current study were as follows. 1) The number of small-scale multiplex house has increased by means of house rebuilding. 2) The shape and usage of vacant lot in the site has simultaneously changed with the increase of the number of small-scale multiplex house. 3) Vacant lot has been versatilely used such as spaces for housework and community. 4) Vacant lot belonged mostly to public lands.