Cirrhinus Reba Research Articles

Decoding Genetic Signatures for Identification: A Molecular Investigation Approach in Pakistan via Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) Gene Sequencing

DNA barcoding is an efficient and rapid approach to the identification of species. A standard genetic marker is used to barcode the sequence of unidentified species. So, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genetic marker is mostly used for species molecular identification. Therefore, molecular identification and phylogeographic relationship of Cirrhinus reba (C. reba) were carried out in the present study. In the present study, we propose the barcoding analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene of freshwater fish as different sequences were obtained from the sequencer and found (all < 500) base pairs and successfully barcode with mitochondrial COI genetic marker for identification. BLAST analysis provides 100% identity match with reference sequences of GenBank database and confirmed the species as C. reba as the length of the sequence is found 496 base pairs. The present study successfully reported DNA barcoding for genetic diversity and identification contributing to covering sufficient information about molecular analysis to identify unknown species the best of our knowledge this is the first study reporting a genetic tool for identification of the commercial food fish of Pakistan. Moreover, DNA barcoding can play a very significant role in molecular identification and inference of relationships in diverse freshwater ecosystem.

Spatial and temporal variations of fish assembly with environmental parameters from two major rivers in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh

The study examined habitat and seasonal variations of fin fish structure and ecological parameters in the Atrai and Dhepa Rivers, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The researchers collected data from four sampling stations, revealing 15532 individuals from 44 genera and 59 species. Pethia ticto, Chanda nama, Cirrhinus reba, Puntius sophore, and Salmophasia bacaila were recorded as dominated fishes (>4.95%). The fish population was highest in autumn at Mohonpur (MP), while lowest in the monsoon at Karnai Bazar (KB). There were no significant variations across stations for rainfall, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, air and water temperatures, and pH. However, significant differences were observed among seasons based on all factors. The study also revealed differences in dominance, Margalef, Shannon, and evenness diversity indices spatiotemporally, except for evenness diversity indices among seasons. The findings could be useful for conservation studies in the future, especially after establishing and managing restricted areas like fish sanctuaries in both rivers. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 59(2), 55-66, 2024

16S amplicon sequencing of the gastrointestinal microbiota of Cirrhinus reba and isolation of an autochthonous probiotic using culture based approaches

16S amplicon sequencing of the gastrointestinal microbiota of Cirrhinus reba and isolation of an autochthonous probiotic using culture based approaches

Qualitative detection of formaldehyde in challani fish obtained from selected fish markets of Nagaon, Assam, India

Preservatives are used to increase the shelf life of any product for a very long time, yet they are extremely detrimental to human health when used in food. The use of preservatives like formaldehyde by fishermen and fish merchants for prolonged preservation of fish during sales and transportation has recently become problematic and threat to human health. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to determine the presence of formaldehyde in the fish sold at fish markets in Nagaon, Assam. The present investigation indicates the contamination of fish with formaldehyde in the local fish markets of Nagaon district. The fish that show the presence of formaldehyde are imported (challani) and out of the whole fish sample collection (challani/imported), Labeo rohita, Catla catla indicates the highest positive result, with 35.96% and 48.44% respectively from the 114 Labeo rohita to 64 Catla catla samples. Additionally, the results for Ompok pabda, Pangasius pangasius, Hilsa ilisha, and Piaractus brachypomus are all positive, with Hilsa ilisha showing a positive result of 100% from their whole sample collection. However, the local fish like Labeo gonius, Cirrhinus reba, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Hypophthalmicthys nobilis fish species have shown 100% negative results for formalin detection, indicating that their samples are formalin-free. Since formaldehyde is harmful to human health, better methods and techniques should be adopted for the preservation of fish for commerce and storage. Strict regulations should be put in place to limit the use of these hazardous chemical substances.

Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing

A comprehensive eight week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the potential of brewers' spent grain (BSG) as a sustainable fish feed ingredient. The study assessed both the biosafety of BSG and its impact on the gut microbiome of Cirrhinus reba, utilizing advanced 16S metagenomic sequencing techniques to analyze the composition and diversity of gut bacteria. A total of 90 healthy C. reba juveniles (average weight: 12 ± 1 g) were divided into two dietary groups [for control (C), for BSG meal (tB)] in triplicates. Feed prepared with conventional ingredients was used to feed the control group (C). The group tB was fed with BSG meal. After the feeding trial, the fish in tB group showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth parameters as compared to the control group. The results of bio-safety assessment indicated the absence of any pathological symptoms in the BSG meal fed carps. The fish in tB group didn't show any histopathological abnormality. Fish fed the Brewers' Spent Grain exhibited significantly elevated serum biochemical parameters, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). 16S Metagenomic sequencing of the fish gut microbiota provides insights into how BSG inclusion affects microbial diversity and composition within the digestive tract of C. reba. The analysis revealed the existence of 240 and 250 diverse bacterial genera in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of C. reba in dietary groups C and tB respectively. Importantly, the study found the gut of fish in tB group to be dominated by different beneficial genus including Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Lysinibacillus. Feeding C. reba with BSG meal significantly increased the alpha diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, as evidenced by elevated Chao 1 estimator and Shannon index values compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). This study provides comprehensive evidence for the bio-safety of BSG as a sustainable feed ingredient in aquaculture, demonstrating its potential to support healthy fish growth and development. Moreover, the prebiotic potential of BSG in fish has also been highlighted.

Assessing the Population Dynamics of Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822) in River Atrai, India, for its Conservation and Sustainability as Natural Stock

Assessing the Population Dynamics of Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822) in River Atrai, India, for its Conservation and Sustainability as Natural Stock

Effective valorization of Chlorella biomass and Brewers spent grain substituting fish meal and soybean meal in the diet of herbivorous fish Cirrhinus reba for higher growth, digestibility and sustainable cultivation

Effective valorization of Chlorella biomass and Brewers spent grain substituting fish meal and soybean meal in the diet of herbivorous fish Cirrhinus reba for higher growth, digestibility and sustainable cultivation

Immunostimulatory and antagonistic potential of the methanolic extract of Oedogonium intermedium SCB in Cirrhinus reba challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

Immunostimulatory and antagonistic potential of the methanolic extract of Oedogonium intermedium SCB in Cirrhinus reba challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

Brood Rearing and Dose Optimisation for Induced Breeding of Raikor, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822)

Brood Rearing and Dose Optimisation for Induced Breeding of Raikor, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822)

Morphometric Characteristics, Length-Weight Relationships, and Condition Factors of Five Indigenous Fish Species from the River Ganga in Bihar, India

Morphometric characteristics, length-weight relationships (LWRs), and condition factors (K) were studied for five indigenous fish species belonging to five different families (Barilius barila Hamilton, Cirrhinus reba Hamilton, Chanda nama Hamilton, Mystus bleekeri Day, and Clupisoma garua Hamilton), from the River Ganga in Bihar, India. A total of 557 fish individuals were collected seasonally from September 2021 to August 2022 using a monofilament drift gill net and a conical trap net Khairel jal. In morphometric analysis, the highest degree of correlation was observed between the total length and the standard length for all species (except C. garua). The estimated exponent value b varies from 2.920 to 3.214, where the slopes of regression lines among the species have significant differences (p&lt;0.0001). The b value indicated that three species (B. barila, C. nama, and C. garua) follow positive allometric growth, whereas M. bleekeri shows isometric growth and C. reba exhibits negative allometric growth. The condition factor value for these fishes ranged from 0.67 to 0.98, which indicated that the population of C. reba was robust compared to all other species (p&lt;0.0001). A new maximum length (146.8 mm) was obtained for B. barila from India. The present study gives baseline biological information on five commercially important indigenous fish species found in the River Ganga, Bihar. As the population of these species has been dwindling in recent times, these data will be important for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these important species in the long run.

INDUCED BREEDING OF Cirrhinus reba (HAM.) AND Labeo bata (HAM.)

Information on artificial breeding of Cirrhinus reba and Labeo bata is not common in Bangladesh. There are reports on serious decline of natural abundance of these species and are considered threatened under present environmental situation. The species should be brought under culture systems to protect them from being dwindled. For optimizing the breeding technique, the experiment was conducted. Nine pairs of male and female of each species were used. The females of both the species were divided into three treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3). Weight of reba female and male ranged from 110 to 140g and 80 to 105g respectively, the same for bata ranged from 310 to 388g and 180 to 260g for female and male respectively. The females of C. reba were injected a first dose of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg PG kg-1 body weight followed by a second dose of 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 mg PG kg-1 body weight respectively after 6 hours of the first dose. The doses for L. bata were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg PG kg-1 body weight as first, followed by a second dose of 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 mg PG kg-1 body weight. A single dose for males of C. reba was 1.5 mg PG kg-1 body weight and for L. bata 2.0 mg PG kg-1 body weight. Single pair mating was performed under semi-natural conditions in nine separate hapas with continuous showering at a temperature range of 27-28 0C. The highest average fertilization and hatching of C. reba were obtained at 87.88% and 81.47% respectively and that of L. bata were 86.19% and 75.00% respectively from T2.The percentage of fertilization and hatching obtained against the comparatively low doses of hormone in this experiment was considered noteworthy.

Morphology and molecular characterization of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis Chowhan, Gupta & Khera, 1987 (Acanthocephala: Gyracanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Pakistan.

Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis Chowhan, Gupta & Khera, 1987 is a poorly known acanthocephalan species reported from the reba carp Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in India. In the present study, the detailed morphology of A. (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis were studied using light microscopy and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), based on newly collected specimens from the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Pakistan. The SEM observations revealed the outer shell of eggs with numerous remarkable protuberances and the gonopore of female located at a discoid protrusion surrounded by some very small spines. This is the first time that A. (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis was reported in Pakistan, and the common carp represents a new host for this species. In addition, the molecular characterization of the 18S and 28S rDNA of A. (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis is provided for the first time. There was no intraspecific genetic variation detected in the 18S and 28S regions between different individuals of A. (Acanthosentis) bilaspurensis, but high level of interspecific nucleotide divergence was found in the 18S (4.15-16.7%) and 28S regions (3.60-15.4%). Phylogenetic results based on the 18S, 28S and 18S+28S sequence data, respectively, all revealed the Quadrigyridae, Pallisentinae and the genus Neoechinorhynchus are not monophyletic groups, and the genera Acanthogyrus and Pallisentis have far relationship. The systematic status of the genus Acanthogyrus and some species of Neoechinorhynchus need further clarify based on different mtDNA and nuclear DNA data including broader representatives of the class Eoacanthocephala.

Development of Milt Cryopreservation Protocol for Economically Important Minor Carp Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822)

Background: Reba carp is one of the promising candidates for species diversification in fresh-water aquaculture. It is available in all the major rivers of India. Cryopreserved milt will be useful in genetic exchange between remotely located farms. For using cryomilt as a tool for genetic exchange, species specific milt cryopreservation protocol is required. Methods: Milt was cryopreserved using three extenders (7,7B and 9C) and two cryoprotectants (DMSO and methanol) and evaluated with fresh milt as control. Milt was cryopreserved in 1:6 dilution in French medium straws of 0.5 ml. The feasibility of selected extender and cryoprotectant combinations was assessed by the ability of cryopreserved sperm to fertilize the C. reba eggs and hatching percentage. Fertilized eggs were incubated in 0.5 L bowl and a flow-through incubation system. Analysis was done for both bowl and flow-through incubation separately and combinedly as well. Result: Better hatching percentage was obtained in flow-through incubation system for all the treatments. In combined analysis extender 7 with 10% DMSO as cryoprotectant gave significantly higher hatching rate (44.5%) and (75%) in comparison to control. Better performance was noticed in flow-through incubation system (50.09%) as compared to bowl (39.1%) in the same treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that extender 7 with 10% DMSO (V/V) is suitable to retain sperm quality in reba carp having optimal sperm motility, high fertility and hatching close to the values obtained with fresh sperm in flow-through incubation system.

Spatial and temporal variation of ichthyo-faunal diversity with relation to environmental variables in the Lohandra River of eastern, Nepal

The present study aimed to examine space and time variation in fish community structure with relation to environmental variables in the Lohandra River. Fish samples were collected based on different habitat representations from March 2020 to February 2021, covering 12 months. Fish sampling took place from 6 am to 9 am. For the fish sampling, two cast nets of different sizes were used, one having a large mesh size of having a mesh size of 1 cm, 5 m diameter, and 5 kg weight and another having 0.5 cm, 3 m diameter, and 2 kg weight, covering 200 to 250m across each station to cover all possible areas. In addition, monofilament gill nets with mesh sizes of 6, 8, and 10 cm were used to capture the fish. In each station, 9-gill nets were left late in the evening (5 pm – 6 pm) and taken out early in the morning (6 am – 7 am) in a sampling distance of 200 - 250m. A total of 1178 specimens representing 72 species belonging to 10 orders and 25 families were documented. An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) testing for both time (R=-0.25, P&gt;0.05) and space (R=-0.28, P&gt;0.05) showed no significant dissimilarity in fish assemblage structure. Results from the similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) indicated that the fish species: Cirrhinus reba, Labeo bata, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo boga, Puntius sophore, Salmostoma bacaila, Channa orientalis, Chagunius chagunio, Glossogobius giuris, Labeo caeruleus, Barilius bendelisis, Colisa faciatus, Esomus danricus, Salmostoma acinaces, and Chitala chitala. The CCA revealed that of the selected environmental variables, three parameters namely, transparency, water temperature, and water velocity (p&lt;0.05) were found to be influencing factors to determine the fish assemblage structure of the Lohandra River.

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of selected small Cyprinid fishes from river Burhi Gandak in North Bihar, India

The present study was conducted in Burhi Gandak River in Bihar to investigate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of four small cyprinids viz. Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822), Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822), Puntius terio(Hamilton, 1822) and Ambylpharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822). A total of 677 C. reba, 969 P. sophore, 873 P. terio and 1015 A. mola specimens were collectedusing traditional boats and some locally made nets like Dhoni jaal, Auptha jaal, Chauni jaal and modified traps. The regression equation was found as Log W = -2.036 + 2.97 Log L (r=0.94) for Cirrhinus reba, Log W = -1.962 + 3.14 Log L (r=0.84) for Puntius sophore, Log W = -0.932 + 1.86 Log L (r=0.72) for Puntius terio and Log W = -2.031 + 3.39 Log L (r=0.84) for Ambylpharyngodonmola. The length weight relationship revealed that C. reba follows the isometric growth pattern while P. sophore and A. mola exhibit positive allometric growthpattern and negative growth pattern was observed in P. terio. The variation in condition factor was observed in case of P. terio while the other species are in good condition in this riverine habitat.

Biometric indices of near threatened reba carp, Cirrhinus reba from an oxbow lake in southwestern Bangladesh

Cirrhinus reba, is a freshwater fish species which is distributed throughout the South Asian countries. The current study reports the detailed biometric indices of C. reba in the Bergobindapur oxbow lake (Baor) located in southwestern Bangladesh. The parameters assessed included length-frequency distributions (LFD), length-weight relationships (LWR), form factor (a3.0) and length at first sexual maturity (Lm) and four types of condition indices (i.e. allometric, KA; Fulton, KF; Relative, KR and Relative weight, WR).Conventional fishing equipment such as cast nets and monofilament fixed gill nets were used to collect samples from July to August 2019. Digital slide calipers were used to assess total length (TL), standard length (SL), fork length (FL), and trunk length (TrL), and body weight (BW) was quantified with an electronic balance with 0.01 g precision. Total 157 specimens with lengths ranging from 12.24 to 24.82 cm and weights ranging from 22.00 to 100.27 g were studied. The computed ‘b’ demonstrated negative allometric growth (&lt; 3.00) in pooled sexes for the LWR. In this investigation, the mean of WR (100.36) did not differ significantly demonstrating that the environment was still in good shape. Furthermore, the size of C. reba at sexual maturity was estimated as 14.40 cm TL. The findings of this study would be worthwhile for the sustainable management of reba carp fisheries.

Evaluation of fungal single cell protein as aqua feed on carcass analysis and growth performance of Cirrhinus reba fingerlings

Single-cell protein (SCP) is an affordable and non-conventional source of protein, with a good blend of amino acids. This alternative protein source was used as a protein replacer of fish feed to bring down the feed manufacturing cost without compromising the nutritive values. SCP was used to formulate fish feed to observe the improvement in carcass composition and growth performance of fingerlings. In this present study, SCP was produced by filamentous fungi Aspergillius niger in glucose supplemented whey media (GWM) by submerged fermentation. Three isonitrogenous (30% protein) diets were formulated: C0A- Basal control diet, Ex1- experimental diet 1, replacing 10% protein of basal control diet by SCP and Ex2- experimental diet 2, replacing 20% protein of basal control diet by SCP. After 60 days of feeding trial on Cirrhinus reba fingerlings, an improvement of growth performance (Net weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, percentage survival rate) was observed between the experimental fingerlings. Analysis of fish carcass revealed that SCP fed fingerlings had a balanced amino acid and fatty acid profile, some essential vitamins and minerals. Thus, the protein part of aquafeed successfully replaced up to 20% by SCP, without any adverse effect on the carcass.

Codon usage bias and purifying selection identified in Cirrhinus reba mitogenome

In our previous study, we described sequence assembly and organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba (GenBank accession no.: MN862482). In this study, our attempts were to find out any mutation or selection pressures and codon usage patterns existing in the mitogenome of the same fish. We applied bioinformatics tools to measure important gene parameters including AT/GC skewness, codon adaptation index (CAI), the effective number of codons (ENc) and GC percentages of each protein coding gene. We found an overrepresentation of A and C resulting a lower number of T and G bases, respectively, where AT-skew was slightly positive and GC-skew was slightly negative. Except for ND6, all protein coding genes (PCGs) had negative GC-skew, which indicated the higher occurrence of Cs. With reference to other two mitogenomes, the dN/dS or Ka/Ks ratios ranged from the lowest value (0.016) for ND4L to the highest value (0.694) for ND1 gene which indicated that PCGs of this fish evolved under strong purifying selection. We further analyzed the codon frequency and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) and observed a total of 3802 codons which were used for coding 20 amino acids by a standard set of 64 codons. The amino acids Leucine and Serine were encoded each by six different codons, whereas rest of the amino acids was encoded by either two or four codons. We identified a total of 25 RSCU values (&gt; 1) and revealed 12 codons as “overpresented” that implied for codon usage bias to engage in highly expressed genes for efficient protein synthesis via translational selection. The existence of codon usage biasness rolling in translational selection and the signs of purifying selection identified in PCGs suggest obvious conservation of this threatened fish species.

Stock identification of the Reba carp, Cirrhinus reba: Insight into conventional and truss network-based morphometrics

Stock identification of the Reba carp, Cirrhinus reba: Insight into conventional and truss network-based morphometrics

DNA barcoding of threatened fishes of Bangladesh

The ichthyofaunal diversity of Bangladesh is declining dramatically due to various anthropogenic factors. For authentic identification at species level, approximately 655 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of 29 threatened fish species were amplified and a barcode dataset was generated. Among these species, 7% were categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), whereas 55% and 38% were categorized as Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (VU), respectively. K2P genetic distances were evaluated and found to be increasing with higher taxonomic rank—1.01% to 13.09% within species and 17.42% to 41.57% between species with a DNA barcode gap of 4.33%. The average %GC content of the fish species was 44.7 ± 0.49. On the other hand, the %GC values for the 6 orders—Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes, Syngnathiformes, Perciformes and Osteoglossiformes were 44.8 ± 0.81, 45.6 ± 0.61, 44.8 ± 0.85, 47 ± 0.99, 46.3 ± 0.89, 47 ± 0.90, respectively. The %GC content was highest in the first codon followed by the second and third codons for both the individual species and the Orders (1st&gt;2nd&gt;3rd). It was also observed that the most synonymous mutations occur at the 3rd codon position followed by the 1st and the 2nd codons. Finally, genetic variations were identified in Raiamas bola (at position 101), Ompok bimaculatus (at position 396) and Cirrhinus reba (at positions 108, 273, 310, 345, 420, 462, 495, 540 and 591) including 3 incidents of transversion (A instead of C). Thus, two different groups of C. reba emerged in the phylogram. This study, for the first time, focuses on COI based molecular characterization of the threatened fish species of Bangladesh and therefore, might work as a referral study for their authentic identification and in-situ conservation.&#x0D; Bioresearch Commu. 7(2): 990-998, 2021 (June)