Reasons For Violence Research Articles

Religion and violence: Shutup Shylock!

Violence is not only because of religious differences. Violence is part of human nature. While expressing and living a unique identity, people may experience animosity from ‘the other’ in society. The natural human response upon infliction is retaliation. To this effect, the play of William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, is taken as an example of conflict in society because of social, financial and religious differences. From the plot in the play, it is deduced that violent actions beget violent responses. The Dutch philosopher, Hans Achterhuis, provides valuable information so as to provide perspectives on violence in society. Achterhuis suggests that instead of seeking the absence of violence in society, one should rather seek how to differ responsible and peaceful from one another. Violence cannot be ignored or eradicated. Violence can however be tamed by fighting with one another peacefully. Society is in need of volunteers who will act as powerful buffers between conflicting societies, thus preventing differences becoming reasons for violence.

Aggressivness and Autoagressivness in the Web Text: Content Analysis of Pages in the Social Network «VKontakte»

The authors make a supposition that any social network is an array of texts that can be formally analyzed. Relying on the ideas of cultural-historical psychology, the authors consider the text as a model that is used to cognize the world and with the help of which higher mental functions are formed. The network text is analyzed as a semiotic system. The authors have created categories of the content analysis of pages in the social network VKontakte. These categories help to assess a persons aggressiveness and auto-aggressiveness. The respondents were 58 women and 63 men aged from 17 to 23. Complex research into aggressiveness and auto-aggressiveness, and deviant behavior was carried out using V.V. Boikos and A.N. Orels methodologies. The data of the content analysis and the data of both tests were statistically processed. The analysis using Pearsons correlation coefficient demonstrated many interconnections between the presence and the extent of the content analysis categories and the data from the standardized methodologies. A strong direct correlation relationship between the auto-aggressiveness index by V.V. Boikos methodology and reasons for violence (0,72), depression (0,92), auto-aggression (0,63) and isolation (0,63) are similar with the data received applying the self-harming scale methodology by A.N. Orel: there is a strong direct correlation with violence (0,72), depression (0,93), auto-aggression (0,64) and isolation (0,68). The authors found a strong direct correlation between motives for violence and the tendency for aggression and violence index in accordance with A.N. Orels methodology (0,72). By A.N. Orels methodology he authors found a strong direct correlation between the motive for accepting criminal norms and the tendency for delinquent behavior (0,79). A correlation relationship between the motive for eroticism and inability for restraining aggression (0,62) was also revealed. The authors have interpreted correlation relationships. The factor analysis by the Kaiser criterion demonstrated that there are five logically interconnected factors. The research hypothesis has been proved. Prospects for follow-up research have been outlined.

Violence committed against nursing staff by patients in psychiatric outpatient settings.

Violence against nurses has increased particularly in psychiatric outpatient settings as psychiatric care shifts from being inpatient-based to being outpatient-based. Violence is a complex phenomenon that must be explored in different psychiatric nursing environments and settings. Violence in psychiatric outpatient settings should especially be explored as violence in this context has scarcely been examined. The aim of this systematic review was to elucidate violence committed against nursing staff by patients in adult psychiatric outpatient settings, based on reports from previous studies. A literature search was conducted in the CINAHL (EBSCO), Ovid MEDLINE, and PsycARTICLES (Ovid) databases. Fourteen studies emerged after the selection and quality assessment process. These studies indicated that violence in psychiatric outpatient settings is a multidimensional phenomenon comprising the reasons for, forms of, and consequences of violence. Reasons for violence could be related to the patient as well as to nursing staff. In psychiatric outpatient settings, verbal violence was the most common form of violence, and violence most frequently led to psychological consequences for nursing staff. The findings of this review highlight the importance of nursing staff developing skills and interventions for managing different kinds of violent situations. Given the multidimensional consequences of violence, attention must be given to the occupational well-being and coping ability of nursing staff at work. Furthermore, it would be worthwhile to compare cultural and intercountry differences of violent exposures in psychiatric outpatient settings.

<br />REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA VIOLÊNCIA SOBRE IDOSOS: IDADISMO, ESTERIÓTIPOS E DISCRIMINAÇÃO

Violence against the elderly results from a combination of individual, contextual and sociocultural factors. Objective: To analyze the social representations of a group of elderly people about violence against the elderly and the reasons for this violence. Methods: Qualitative approach based on Social Representations Theory. A total of 237 elderly people aged 65-96 years participated in the project Ageing Safely in Alentejo (Preventing Falls and Violence against the Elderly) – Understanding for Action, at the University of Evora. The Free Speech Association technique was used and data were processed through qualitative data analysis software. Results: Violence is associated with injustice, sadness, lack of respect, malice and abandonment. The reasons of violence are evil, lack of respect, drugs, alcohol, money and lack of education. Conclusion: The social representations of these elderly people on violence and their reasons refer to the stereotypes associated with the prevalent ageism in society, where the social devaluation of the elderly dominates day-life conceptions and practices. Descriptors: Social representations; violence; elderly; discrimination; stereotypes.

Lethal Violence, the Lack of Resonance and the Challenge of Forgiveness in Brazil

Abstract According to recent data there has been a considerable increase in lethal violence in Brazil as well as evidence of a growing brutality. Such data bears witness to the wide perception of impunity and the apparent commonality, even an acceptance of killing. The general political and economic insecurity reinforces a sense of abandonment among the population. The affluent hire private security services. The poor, with no alternative option, become victims of crime and drug trafficking wars. The police are often a part of organized crime rather than combatting such. They are understaffed and underequipped. The prison system is unfit to promote resocialization. What can the churches, theology and the state do to establish and foster justice worthy of the name? The purpose of this article is to analyse the situation in Brazil, referring to acclaimed interpreters as historian Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, to ponder possible reasons for violence using the sociological theory of resonance by Hartmut Rosa, and to reflect on a theology of justice that, rather than revenge, emphasises transformation, forgiveness and reconciliation. Through reference to Jürgen Moltmann, it seeks to show how a public theology can contribute to such transformation.

Analysing Masculinity from the Key Theoretical Lenses and Searching for Linkages with Violence against Women

In recent years, masculinity has become an imperative and influential academic discourse in the domain of gender studies. Despite having been explained and theorised from a number of perspectives, it lacks overall clarity and vary widely across different social and cultural contexts. Keeping that perspective in mind, this study drawing a rigorous review of the literature and reflexive analysis has synthesized prominent and pertinent theoretical issues concerning masculinity with the objective of having a succinct as well as methodical understanding of masculinity. This study also aims at developing the linkage between masculinity and violence against women. Despite being viewed as a cause of violence against women; theoretical notions of masculinity and its relation with violence against women remain largely understudied. Overall, the findings of the study confirm that masculinity as a concept is expressed through certain socially accepted ideologies and practices and there are at least three major theoretical developments concerning masculinity. When applied, each of these theories can individually stand as a reason for violence against women. The nexus between masculinity and violence against women is very proximate, and masculinity appears to be a very dominating force for perpetuating violence against women. Nonetheless, further wider empirical studies on masculinity and its relation to violence against women can draw new insights on the issues and enrich the gender studies discipline.

Terrorism discourse on French international broadcasting:France 24and the case ofCharlie Hebdoattacks in Paris

This article offers an inquiry into the discursive construction of ‘terrorism’ by France 24, the French international broadcaster, in the aftermath of the attacks on Charlie Hebdo satirical magazine in January 2015. The article argues that the broadcaster seems to employ a relatively narrow definition of terrorism linking it to Islam and Muslims. France 24 portrays the attacks as an external phenomenon coming to France from outside. The blame is assigned to non-French factors, mainly to foreign extremist organisations, Islamist ideologues and overseas training. No reasons for violence are sought inside the country. Internal developments, such as discrimination, youth marginalisation, lack of educational and work opportunities, relations between law enforcement and the Muslim community that could potentially contribute to the acts, are not explored by the broadcaster’s investigative journalism. This narrow interpretation of ‘terrorism’ that assigns responsibility to Muslims, Islamic indoctrination and overseas training may further alienate Muslim communities in France’s already divided society. It points to narrow policy responses that focus mainly on stricter monitoring of Muslim minorities, on limiting combat and cross-border movement. This type of discourse excludes long-term policy solutions that address broader socio-politico-economic conditions in which ‘terrorism’ might flourish.

Violence Against Women and Femicides in Turkey

Women are exposed to many types of violence such as physical, economic and psychological violence all over the world. The women in Turkey also take their shares from this exposure and this problem is extremely painful, threatening and unpreventable. The topic of violence against women is included in literature as the research subject of many disciplines recent years however it is considered as violation of fundamental human rights that manintains its importance but cannot be prevented easily. It is tried to focus on, explain and evaluate the violence against women and femicides, unequal power relations between men and women, status of women in society and the interaction with patriarchal structure in Turkey in this study. This explanation and evaluation is made according to the statistics of gender mainstreaming, violence against women and femicides in Turkey and the reasons of violence against women and femicides. According to this evaluation, the women in Turkey generally exposed to violence by familiar people, especially by their partners and/or other men in the parent. In addition to physical violence, sexual violence is the most common type of violence and the impact of the general perspective of society and public organizations on women and the hierarchical relationship between men and women on violence should be considered in the evaluation of violence fact. The case of femicide is also underwhelming. There is a significant increase in femicides since 2008 until today in Turkey. ‘Taking decision by woman for her own life’ and ‘claiming divorcement’ are the most common reasons given by offenders to kill women and these reasons prove that the patriarchal system in Turkey does not consider woman as an individual and subordinates women. The idea of taking decision by woman for her their own lives and claiming for divorcement is perceived as a rebellion to power of men, a disengagement from dominance field of men and a failure of power of men. Men are strong and brave who bring home the bacon, save the honor of family, establish dominance on partner and children and commit violence when required to ensure this dominance and femicide is also included in this violence.

The Trends and Challenges of Ethical Governance in Management Education to Sustain the Human Resource Expansion

Human resource is a wealth for the nation. But it would be a qualitative human resource; otherwise it could be burden. As for this proclamation, wellbeing ethical governance carries an initial pilot role for the expansion of human resource in management education system. If unfortunately ethical governance might fail, it commits a reason for violence. Accordingly that human resource may involve themselves for culprits, an ultimate motto of management education become malfunction. For the impact of advanced civilization, urbanization and inclusive involvement of liberalization, privatization and globalization knowingly or unknowingly our ethical working patron has been little-bit changed in the name of modernization/modification of life style/update of living patron in education system. Towards implement the balanced social life, avoid violence and crime also to feel social justice the commendable ethical governance has to play a vital role in the core of management education system. Because ethical governance directs the human values, rights and duties in well manner, which improves the quality of human resource in the path of sustainable development of management education. With the above possessions our study has focused the couple of objectives; to analyze the challenges of management education in the core of ethical governance and to evaluate the significance role of ethical education towards sustain the human resource. A few hypotheses are too set for this study; management education has been faced a multi tasks of healthy and unhealthy challenges in the core of ethical governance and significantly ethical education directs the human resource for a sustainable expansion path. Thus our paper revises the particulars, strategies, programs and procedure which are correlated to the management education, ethical governance and sustainable existence of the human resource expansion.

Violent acts against health care providers

Violence against health care providers is getting more awareness nowadays. These are usually deliberate actions committed by patients or family members of them resulting in short and long term physical or psychological debilitating harm in the staff members. The causes of the violent acts are usually rooted in patient-related factors, although some characteristics of the professionals and of the workplace may also play some role. The present article presents different definitions of violence and possible reasons for violence against health care providers based on relevant international and national literature. The paper discusses the different forms and frequency of violence, furthermore, details about the effects, consequences and some options for prevention in health care settings are also included. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(28), 1105-1109.

The Cape Times’s portrayal of school violence

This study explores the Cape Times’s portrayal of school violence in the Western Cape (WC), South Africa, reporting on findings from a qualitative content analysis of 41 news articles retrieved from the SA Media database. The findings shed light on the victims and their victimisation, the perpetrators, as well as the context of the violence, identifying gangsterism, as well as school administrative and community factors as the reasons for violence in WC schools. It is argued that school violence and gangsterism are inextricably linked to the Cape Flats in particular, and that the interaction of forms of inequality and oppression such as racism, class privilege and gender oppression are structural root causes for school violence in this area of the WC. The study highlights the negative consequences of school violence on teaching and learning and on the economy. It is concluded that even if the Cape Times paints an exaggerated and atypical picture of violence in the gangriddled parts of the WC, the detrimental effects thereof on the regions cannot be denied. The study therefore recommends a holistic approach to addressing the structural root causes of school violence where it takes place in the WC.

Types of and reasons for violence in hospital

Patients' adherence to care has been built up over time. Violence is however an underlying reality in the field of care. Acts of violence are not only physical and relational. They can also be linked to the constant focus on costs and assessment which conveys a mutation of the references of the hospital sector.

Reasons for Violence: a Study of “Another Community” by R. K. Narayan

Notwithstanding its fictional character and its year of publication, 1956, “Another Community” is a modern critique of communal violence. This short story shows Narayan’s concern with the immediate consequences of a divided Indian society on religious grounds. His communal subjects are shaped according to the ideological purpose of the group. Based on exclusion and rivalry, this reflected identity stimulates communal antagonisms that revolve around ideas of nationhood and otherness. The protagonist’s savage murder becomes the excuse for violence in the hands of local politicians. The author’s intentionality avoids taking side with his protagonist who does not escape the communal duality of the Self and the Other; the rational and the irrational sides of a fake hero.

Remittance Behaviour of Forced Migrants in Post-Apartheid South Africa

ABSTRACTThis paper looks at the determinants of South-South remittances. An original dataset of African migrants living in Johannesburg is used. As South Africa attracts both economic and forced migrants, we focus on the impact of the reason of emigration (violence versus economic concerns) on migrants’ remittance behaviour. On the extensive margin, the results show that leaving a home country for reasons of violence decreases the probability of remitting to the home country. On the intensive margin, transferred amounts do not differ according to whether the migrant was forced to migrate or not. When the migrant has decided to remit, it is more his/her current conditions in the host country and traditional factors (income, education, sex, etc.) that determine the amounts transferred. Our results are robust when restricting the definition of forced migration.

A Study of Domestic Violence in Working Women

Background Violence against women is a major public health problem and a violation of human rights. It affects the life span from sex selective abortion of female fetuses to forced suicide and abuse and is evident, to some degree, in every society in the world. Objective To study domestic violence against working women. Material and methods An Institutional based cross sectional observational study was carried out in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences and hospital for a period of one year. All professionals and working class women including doctors, nurses, administrative staff sweepers were inclded. Three hundred working women in Chalmeda Anand Rao institute of medical sciences, Karimnagar were taken as sample. The data was collected in a predesigned and pretested proforma. Results The prevalence of domestic violence was 15%. Psychological form of domestic violence was more common(44.44%), and most (55.6%) of women had domestic violence occasionally, in 82.2% women husband was perpetrator for violence and in 57.77% women's husband were intoxicated during the act of violence. Among the reasons for violence most common reason was not obeying or arguing back (35.55%) and least (8.88%) had this for refusing the sex. Domestic violence was more among sweepers 26.33% followed by administrative staff (10.66%), the difference was statistically significant. As socioeconomic status decreases domestic violence increases but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion Working women too suffers from domestic violence. Domestic violence was significantly associated with type of work but relation was not statistically with socioeconomic status. Language: en

TV and Minors: the Reasons for Violence

Thousands of different questions are centered on the topic of TV violence, especially those concerning young spectators. In everyday life, children, youth and adolescents watch particularly brutal and heightened scenes on TV, which, however, it is not always legitimate to condemn. In fact, if we assume that apocalyptic positions (together with integrated stances) bring nowhere, perhaps it will be possible to give life to a minors friendly television, taking advantage of the numerous existing family mediation and self-regulation strategies. The code teaches it.

Violence and conservation: Beyond unintended consequences and unfortunate coincidences

While the relationship between violence and conservation has gained increasing attention in both academic and activist circles, official and public discourses often portray their entanglements as (unlucky) overlapping phenomena. In this article, we show how, under specific practices of state territorialization, conservation becomes both the means and reasons for violence. Based on ethnographic research in Colombia’s emblematic Tayrona National Natural Park, we detail how both the war on drugs and tourism promotion shape these state practices, and how they have translated into everyday, yet powerful, means of dispossession in the name of conservation. By analyzing the effects of the production of peasants as environmental predators, illegal occupants and collateral damage, we show how official conservation strategies have justified local communities’ political and material erasure, and how they have resulted in the destruction of their lived ecologies and the erosion of their livelihood strategies.

Three Challenges for Environmental Communication Research

I want to identify three major challenges that I see for our field, and suggest that in confronting these, we are forced to reconsider how we integrate and organize the knowledge, theories, and actors that have been associated with environmental communication (EC) research in the past. As our field encourages us to foreground the local—it is, after all, specific landscapes that provide minerals, fossil fuels, timber products, or the locations for nuclear power plants, and it is communities and individuals who carry the anxieties and lived realities of damaged environments or restricted economies—I base my comments in part on research and lived experiences in Tasmania. The island state of Australia has been racked by decades of conflict over natural resource use and extractive industries. Environmental issues have led to falls of government, arrests of leading business and political figures, violence, and social and economic hardship. But two key points: The first is that Tasmania, like the rest of the world, has been rendered increasingly permeable by the Internet, global environmental risks and concerns, and transnational politics and decision-making. Localized threats and concerns coalesce symbolically into discourses of global risk, and discourses of global risk are synthesized for decision-making on a local, regional, and international scale. The second is that the Tasmanian conflict is mild in comparison to many of those being played out in developing countries, as well as in the poorer and more disadvantaged regions of some first-world nations. We know, for example, that environmental reporting is now one of the main reasons for violence against journalists around the world (Reporters without Borders, 2009). We see activists charged with crimes disproportionately with their actions. Science has been scandalized, silenced, and delegitimized, often by national governments. I suggest that the field is facing not only intellectual and methodological challenges that we should be eager to embrace, but also political challenges that could impact on our own legitimacy and capacity to contribute to environmental debate and policy. These also require our combined effort.

The Violence Against Children in Elbasan District, Albania

This maltreatment against children occurs even inside their houses, from their family members and especially from their parents. Home at first glance seems calm and a harmonious place, but it is not that way because home is the place where conflicts happen, and they may even turn into violence. This situation is proved to be true even by the study realized in this district. In order to realize this study, two questionnaires were filled by 1200 persons included of different ages such as 13-23 years old and 18-60 years old. These questionnaires were delivered in these cities: Elbasan, Peqin, Gramsh and Librazhd. The factors that have an influence on the violence against children are the patriarchal mentality, the low economic state, communication, the usage of alcoholic drinks, etc. One of the main reasons of violence in the Elbasan district is Mediterranean patriarchal mentality, which is more widespread in the rural areas. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s1p172

“How can Life be still?”: Teaching Janet Frame’s <em>A State of Siege</em> and Virginia Woolf’s <em>To the Lighthouse</em>

Janet Frame's A State of Siege was published in 1966. In both style and theme, the novel was ahead of its time. Its style remains a challenge to today's students, and the feminist overtones of Frame's tale, dealing as it does with a middle-aged woman-Malfred Signal-breaking free of family and job to pursue her art, might at first glance seem dated to a generation in which have seemingly made such gains in opportunities in education and career. Yet so often remain primary caretakers when family members need help, like Malfred, and so many careers, like the teaching job from which Malfred retires in A State of Siege, remain female-identified. mysterious way in which Malfred dies allows speculation as to what finally defeats her. novel, rooted in so many realistic details, at the same time contains allegorical elements that allow students to speculate about the persistence of expectations for dictated by gender, as well as reasons for violence against women. novel would work in many classes from Women in Literature, to the Female Gothic, Zealand Literature, and Modernism (or the Lyrical Novel). Even paired with such novels as Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre (1847) and Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse (1927), Frame's novel holds its own. Because of limitations of space, will concentrate on a comparison between A State of Siege and To the Lighthouse, though will mention other works, including films, to provide resources that may prove helpful in teaching a range of classes.There are many similarities between Woolf's novel and Frame's. Each novel features a middle-aged female painter who is looked down upon by other characters, and each novel can be viewed as a tribute to the author's mother-until she wrote To the Lighthouse Woolf said her mother's memory obsessed her (Sketch 80); Frame's mother died before she wrote her novel, but her mentor Frank Sargeson forbade her to speak of the death, according to biographer Michael King (135-36). Each novel employs stylistic experimentation and is divided into three parts. In A State of Siege the parts are The Knocking, Darkness, and The Stone. In To the Lighthouse the parts are The Window, Time Passes, and The Lighthouse. In Woolf's novel, World War intervenes in the action and scars the characters; in Frame's, it is World War II that alters Malfred's life. Ironically, in some ways the earlier novel, To the Lighthouse, could be seen as presenting the most successfully liberated female artist in that Lily Briscoe finishes her painting at the end of the novel, declaring, I have had my vision (310), whereas the deadly assault on Malfred Signal begins the night of the day she finishes her painting, and her painting is not even of her sought-after New View. Both Woolf and Frame were also institutionalized numerous times in their lives. Frame may never have suffered from any mental illness beyond anxiety and depression (though she received both insulin shock treatments and electroshock). Woolf was diagnosed as schizophrenic, but Frame was found by one doctor not to be suffering schizophrenia at all (King 197). More than once, Frame's linguistic flights of fancy were misinterpreted as madness for which she was institutionalized and treated.In fact, part of the difficulty of both A State of Siege and To the Lighthouse comes from the fact that both novels are stylistic tours de force that show that relate to in a different way than men do. As Annette Kolodny points out, women writers, coming into a tradition of literary and conventional forms already appropriated, for centuries, to the purposes of male expression, will be forced virtually to 'wrestle' with that language (6) in order 'to remake it as a adequate to our conceptual processes' (Stanley and Robbins, qtd. in Kolodny 6). By the end of Frame's work, a piece of nonsense verse has pride of place, demonstrating the break from based on the Name of the Father, as Jacques Lacan would say. …