Reasons To Worry Research Articles

Genetic detection of Resistance Genes among Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter spp. isolates

Internationally, there is an increasing prevalence of diseases caused by germs that are resistant to many drugs, which is often a reason for worry. The objective of the present investigation was to identify specific genes linked to the resistance of beta-lactam, macrolide, and sulfa medications in Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter spp. isolates. A total of 364 patients were included in the study, with 132 (36.26%) being male and 232 (63.74%) being female. The results indicated that 135 samples, accounting for 37.08% of the total, exhibited positive bacterial growth. The findings indicated that Enterobacter cloacae was present in 25 (6.86%) of the patients with urinary tract infections, whereas Citrobacter spp. was found in only 2 (0.54%) cases (consisting of 1 (0.27%) C. freundii isolate and 1 (0.27%) C. farmer isolate). The PCR findings indicated that the sul-1 gene was present in 23 out of 25 (92%) E. cloacae isolates and in 2 out of 2 (100%) Citrobacter spp. isolates. On the other hand, the sul-2 gene was detected in 22 out of 25 (88%) E. cloacae isolates and in 2 out of 2 (100%) Citrobacter spp. isolates. The mph(A) gene was present in 80% (20/25) of E. cloacae isolates and in 100% (2/2) of Citrobacter spp. isolates. The findings showed that 96% of the E. cloacae isolates and 100% of the Citrobacter spp. isolates tested positive for both ctx-m and ctx-m-10 genes. The prevalence of the veb gene in E. cloacae isolates was 76% (19/25), but in Citrobacter spp. isolates it was 100% (2/2). The investigation did not detect the gene ctx-m-14 in any of the local isolates examined. Genes of sul-3 and ctx-m-14 were no recorded in this study.

Chemistry Anxiety Among Bachelor-Level Students in Science Education

This research aims to investigate the reasons for anxiety among Bachelor's level Chemistry students. This study adopted a phenomenological research approach to elicit in-depth responses from teachers and students about their lived experiences and perceptions that cause anxiety in science classes due to the chemicals in the lab. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with students who suffer from anxiety in Chemistry classes. This study tried to uncover some of the roots of scientific fear. The interviews resulted in clear descriptions of the pupils' anxiousness. Fear appears to be linked to language issues, instructional approaches, and perception of chemistry views the student’s main source of anxiety is the language problem. Understanding the causes of science anxiety may also help educators construct more effective classes. They can think about the reasons for worry in these students and create some experiences for them to motivate them to complete the course. If teachers are aware of the issues that arise from students' chemistry anxiety, they can assist students in reducing their worry. furthermore, they can focus more effectively on course activities and materials. Using visual resources, asking questions, and creating activities that require active student participation, the instructor can help students overcome their passive approach to the subject during a lecture.

The role of parenthood in worry about overheating in homes in the UK and the US and implications for energy use: An online survey study.

Climate change brings an increase in temperatures and a higher frequency of heatwaves. Both have been linked to a rise in suicide rates and violent crime on a population level. However, little is known about the link between mental health and ambient temperatures on an individual level and for particular subgroups. Overheating poses health risks to children and disturbs sleep; leading to the expectation that parents are more worried about their homes getting too hot than non-parents. Two online survey studies (N = 1000 each) were conducted in the UK and the US to understand to what extent parents and an age-matched comparison group without children are worried about overheating and how they differ in their mitigation actions. Findings did not support the main hypotheses around greater overheating worry amongst parents in general, mothers or those with very young children. However, parents indicated a greater likelihood to upgrade or install air-conditioning (US) and to get electric fans (UK). Parents in the UK indicated using more mitigation options to cope with overheating than non-parents. Parents in the US, whilst not reporting doing more actions, were more likely to use air-conditioning to deal with overheating than non-parents. Finally, those parents who mentioned health impacts on children as a reason for worry about overheating, were more concerned about overheating than parents who had other reasons than children's health as a reason for being concerned about overheating. In summary, parental status might have implications for cooling energy use and concern for children's health might increase overheating worry; however, many open questions remain.

Between unity and incommensurability: Dworkin and Raz on moral and ethical values

ABSTRACT Dworkin and Raz reject moral skepticism and offer holistic and non-derivative defenses of the objectivity of value. Furthermore, they acknowledge a role for social practices in the explanation of the emergence and interpretation of values. I discuss here two theses that have an important impact in ethics and morality. First, Dworkin's unity of value; second, Raz's claim that there is room for incommensurability in our rational actions. One may think that if we accept these two theses a dilemma will appear: We need unity to interpret values, but incommensurability leads to pluralism and fragmentation. Is this a real dilemma? Is there a way to get around it? I argue that although there is a tension between these ideas, this tension is not a reason for worry in the realm of personal ethics. It becomes problematic when it comes to interpersonal morality, but even in that domain it does not affect the core of our moral system if two conditions are satisfied: first, if incommensurability (in the domain of interpersonal morality) appears in rare or exceptional cases; second, if we read the thesis of the unity of value more like a methodological assumption than like an ontological claim.

P–481 COVID–19 pandemic: the emotional impact comparing men and women on assisted reproductive treatment

Study questionHow has the COVID–19 pandemic affected the psychological aspects of men and women undergoing reproductive treatments?Summary answerThe women were more emotionally affected due to the COVID–19 pandemic than men, especially increasing anxiety and fear of not achieving pregnancy.What is known alreadyCOVID–19 pandemic required changes in behavior and plans of most people worldwide, including patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment (ART). The reproductive societies recommended immediate cessation of all new fertility treatment cycles, arousing different opinions from patients and providers, concerned that a delay of months may affect clinical outcomes. The fear, social distancing and financial insecurity are enough reasons for worry and anguish, and the uncertainty of resuming plans of parenthood make the scenery even more challenging. Therefore, the psychosocial aspects’ evaluation of these patients during the pandemic is fundamental for better comprehension, management, and reception in this especially challenging moment.Study design, size, durationCross-sectional study using data from a centre of reproductive medicine between June and August 2020. The sample was composed of 120 patients (54 men and 66 women), 14.16% undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET), 77.5% in vitro fertilization (FIV), 1.6% semen freezing collection and 6.6% oocyte freezing.Participants/materials, setting, methodsThe data were extracted from an electronic questionnaire elaborated by the clinical team, which included questions about the patients’ psychological aspects, applied one day before ART. The answers were compared between men and women,and between the types of ART used by each patient. The statistical analysis was made using the program SPSS for Windows. The Chi-Square test was used to compare the study groups, considering p < 0.05 statistically significant.Main results and the role of chanceIt was observed that 23/54 (42%) of men and 42/66 (63%) of women were at least partially emotionally affected by the pandemic (p = 0.027). Comparing feelings between groups (men and women, respectively) the following results were observed: optimistic (42,1% vs 57,9% p = 0.664), hopeful (32,3% vs 67,7%, p = 0.098), anxious (22,6% vs 77,4%, p = 0.004), calm (60,7% vs 39,3%, p < 0.001). Also, 27% of men and 39.3% of women felt more anguished than normal, which was mostly expressed through anxiety (36.7% vs 63.3%, p = 0.113), followed by irritability (54.5% vs 45.5%, p = 0.421), eating habit change (42.5% vs 56.5, p = 0.962) and sleep disorders (28.6% vs 56.5%, p = 0.215). Most patients (96.6%) reported having somebody to share their feelings and didn’t want to be contacted by the clinic’s psychologist (92.5%); 26.3% of couples had their relationship positively affected. Comparing feelings between patients undergoing FET vs FIV, respectively, were found: optimistic (47.0% vs 29.0%, p = 0.142) and anxious (23,5% vs 27.9%, p = 0.70).Limitations, reasons for cautionThe data was collected at one point, in the worst moment of the pandemic in Brazil, which may have influenced some of the answers. The small sample size is due to the lower number of procedures in this period.Wider implications of the findings: The feelings were similar between groups. However, women seemed to be more fearful of not being able to realize the parenthood dream. Anxiety was the main symptom in both groups, being more prevalent in women. This study reinforces the importance of having mental health professionals in assisted reproductive clinic.Trial registration numberNot applicable

Decrease in child abuse notifications during COVID-19 outbreak: A reason for worry or celebration?

Anecdotal reports have shown increased rates of domestic violence and child abuse as the result of the economic impact and stay-at-home orders in response to COVID-19.1 For children and adolescents, school closures and the disrupted provision of child protection services have been associated with a higher risk of maltreatment with physical outcomes especially for those living in low-income and crowded households.2-4 In this retrospective population-based study, we compared data on abuse of children and adolescents aged 0–17 years during the first half of 2019 and 2020 in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil, which is recognised as the poorest region in the country. Information on child abuse was extracted from the official child maltreatment database of the Coordination of Statistics and Criminal Analysis of the Sergipe state. Our outcome of interest was non-accidental physical injury inflicted on a child by his or her parents or other person legally responsible for the child's care. Data also included gender, age and race/ethnicity and all cases were de-identified. Results were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Two-proportion Z-test was used to compare occurrences of child abuse between 2019 and 2020 according to children's characteristics. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Sergipe has an estimated population of 2 298 696 people, Human Development Index of 0.665 and a monthly household income per capita of less than one Brazilian minimum wage (approximately USD 190/month). On 14 March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in Sergipe state was identified and the first decree of the state government on the containment measures in response to the spread of COVID-19 was enacted on 24 March 2020 and included closure of all schools and universities. Until 10 September 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected 74 121 patients and resulted in 1920 deaths. From 1 January to 30 June 2020, 53 cases of child physical injury were notified, 15 (28.3%) in boys and 38 (71.7%) in girls. Most were aged 12–17 years (37 out of 53, 69.8%) and were either Blacks or Browns (mixed race) (39 out of 53, 73.6%). No differences were found in child abuse notifications according to gender, age and race/ethnicity between 2020 and 2019 (Table 1). However, compared to the first half of 2019, we found the reported rate of child physical injury decreased in 2020 by 24.3%. Decreasing rates were found in 4 (January, February, March and May) of the 6 months analysed (Fig. 1). Despite the lack of studies showing the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on registries of child abuse, social media reports suggest an increased risk of domestic violence during the social distancing period in Brazil.5 The reported surge in domestic violence including child abuse is alarming and may be associated with family financial constraints, increased burden on parents due to school closures, parent's stress and difficulty dealing with children's irritability during isolation, disruption of social support networks and reduction of child protective services. Recently, according to the Brazilian Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights, the number of reports of violence against children fell 12% during the pandemic throughout the national territory. Similar results have been shown in some American states which reported double-digit percentage decreases in registries to child maltreatment hotlines.6 With child-helplines reducing staff and limiting child protection services due to imposition of curfew and reduction of funding especially in low- and middle-income countries, the incidence of child abuse may be unnoticed or under-reported.7 Measures to improve surveillance, identify risk factors, develop interventions and scale up effective policy and programmes8 must be implemented to support vulnerable people against domestic violence especially Black teenage girls in poor communities.9 This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (protocol number 33095120.4.0000.5546). We would like to thank the Criminal Analysis Statistics Coordination (CEACRIM), Sergipe state, Brazil for collaborating with the data collection, and CAPES and CNPq agencies. We dedicate this article to all the doctors, frontline health workers and other staff who are facing COVID-19. This study is part of the EpiSERGIPE project.

Arıtılmış Atıksu Uygulamalarının Üç Farklı Mısır (Zea Mays L.) Çeşidinde Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişim Özelliklerine Etkisi

Artan dünya nüfusu nedeniyle tatlı su bulunabilirliği sınırlı bir kaynak haline gelmektedir. Atık suyun tarımda yeniden kullanılması yetiştirilen ürünler için yararlı olan besinleri içerdiğinden dikkat çekmiştir. Atık su, bitkileri için besin kaynağı olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Ancak, hem çevre hemde bitki açısından toksitesi konusunda çok yönlü araştırmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı atık su konsantrasyonlarının (saf su, % 25, % 50, % 75 ve % 100) üç farklı mısır çeşidinin (Kefieros, Kerbanis, Kontigos) çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma, faktöriyel düzende tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine desenine göre 4 tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme kontrollü şartlarda 25 ˚C yürütülmüştür. Çimlenme yüzdesi, fide uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı incelenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında incelenen tüm özellikler (çimlenme yüzdesi hariç) ve atık su konsantrasyonları arasında çeşitler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, % 25 atık su konsantrasyonunun çimlenmeyi teşvik ettiği fakat artan konsantrasyonların azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Fide gelişimi üzerine % 75 atık su konsantrasyonunun teşvik edici bir özelliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The editorial note: The Baltic States – The Second Century

The year 2018 represented a celebratory time for the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Each country had numerous events and attractions to commemorate the 100th anniversary of their independence. But what will the next century bring? There is the potential for challenging, but exciting areas for growth, both economically, socially, and culturally. There are also reasons for worry, particularly on the political front.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Drug Abuse among Male of Rural Community, Lahore, Pakistan

Substance mishandle in Pakistan is one of the real reasons for worry that influences all sections of society. It has not just destroying consequences for the physical and mental prosperity yet in addition has the unfriendly impacts on labor and financial development of the nation. Roughly 6.7S million peoples in Pakistan have been related with various sorts of prescriptions. For instance, Cannabis is the most frequently used solution, with an inescapability of 3.6% of the people, after that poly-calm use is ordinary. With reference to sedatives, a normal 860,000 masses are general heroin customers and 320,000 are opium.&#x0D; Methods: The quantitative cross sectional study was used.&#x0D; Results: The discoveries of the examination. in 23 tables and 27 figures have been utilized to demonstrate comes about. That just about 80 for every penny of respondents viewed every single illicit medication as similarly hurtful to one's wellbeing recommend an inability to perceive the distinctive different impacts related with various medication writes (Cocaine, Grass, and Heroin). More than 94 for every penny of respondents announced that they had known about cannabis, and the larger part of respondents detailed having known about bliss (96.3%), cocaine (96.4%) and heroin (92.3%).&#x0D; Conclusions: The knowledge, attitude, and beliefs of drug abuse among male are good.

Medical Legacy of Gandhi: Demystifying Human Diseases.

Medical Legacy of Gandhi: Demystifying Human Diseases.

Primary health-care patients’ reasons for complaint-related worry and relief

Primary care patients are commonly worried about their complaints when consulting their doctor. Knowing the reasons behind patients' worries would enhance consultation practices. The aim of this study was to find out the reasons patients themselves give for their worries before a consultation and for possible relief or persistent worry after the consultation. Our previous study using quantitative methods suggested that worried patients were uncertain about what was wrong with them and they perceived their complaints as serious. These results left some aspects unanswered; for instance, why did the patients consider their complaints severe. We conducted semi-structured interviews of patients, aged 18-39 years, with somatic complaints other than a common cold (n = 40), both before and after a consultation, and the patients described their reasons for worry in their own words. These qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The patients gave as reasons for their worries uncertainty, consequences of their complaints (eg, inability to work), insufficient control (eg, inadequate treatment) and prognosis. The patients were relieved when their uncertainty was diminished by getting an explanation for their complaint or when they achieved more control by getting treatment for their complaint. After a consultation, their reasons for worry, except for concern about the ability to function, tended to be replaced by other reasons. Psychological consequences and mistrust in health care also played a role in persistent worry. Our findings offer support to the patient-centred clinical method in primary care. To address the patients' worries properly, the GP should bring them up for discussion. Special attention should be given to worries about the ability to function, as they tend to persist even after a consultation.

From One Farmer, Hope—and Reason for Worry

In Uganda, agricultural research is improving food security for some, but not all farmers are prospering.

Controlling, Major and Minority Shareholders: Interaction and Legal Regulation Problems in Russia

For the last several years the term corporate governance for domestic businessmen has become more than just another loan-word. The importance of this phenomenon for the Russian companies is understood by both the business owners initiating acceptance of the Corporate Behavior Code in the companies under their control, and university professor experienced in protection of multi-page dissertations, who is standing up for teaching 'Corporate governance' course. However, do they coincide in their understanding? Do they have uniform approaches to solving the basic problems of domestic corporate governance? And do these problems even exist? From the outside it may seem there are no reasons for worry. Is it truly so? Let us study the issue. We shall begin with the problem of controlling, major and minority shareholders interaction. Now the corporate governance system in Russia is actually standing still at the crossroads. On the one hand the large business representatives and top-managers of joint-stock companies with the state participation or the state corporations would like to direct the efforts of the legislators and judicial authorities to support the system with domination of controlling shareholders, on the other hand - the country leaders proclaim the policy of share market development and economy modernization, which is shown in innovative technologies development, on the third - the deep crisis that affected financial markets undermines many basic principles of the corporate law and governance. The large businesses and the state companies' motives are clear - the minority shareholders are perceived by them as a handicap to the current economic activities, stalling the realization of new ambitious projects on competitors' purchase or the achievement of the next large socially useful purpose. Shareholders' life shows that Russia has long ago become the country with the concentrated system of shareholding. In overwhelming majority of joint-stock companies the share of minority shareholders voices does not exceed 10%. And the remaining voices, as a rule, are not controlled by several, but by just one shareholder. By the way, this is the serious distinction of Russian joint-stock companies from the companies of the continental Europe often compared to them. As it is known, unlike the USA and Great Britain, the companies in Germany, Italy and France are controlled by a rather small number of shareholders. Such thing was named 'concentrated ownership' (concentrated possession/property). Unlike Russia, these jurisdictions hold on to the approach according to which the shareholder is considered controlling when he owns 20(twenty!)% of voices directly or indirectly. Among twenty leading companies in each of the above listed continental Europe countries a significant share is held by the companies having no controlling shareholder: France-60%, Germany-50%, Italy-20% (for comparison in the USA this parameter amounts to 80%, and in Great Britain the whole 100%). In comparison with these numbers it is difficult to refer to Russia as the country with the concentrated structure of shareholders capital, it would be more appropriate to use the term super-concentrated structure.

Three reasons to worry about museum researchers

Three reasons to worry about museum researchers

Estudio empírico sobre el serial juvenil «Al salir de clase»: sobre la transmisión de valores a los adolescentes

The television's power to socializate teenagers is always reason for worry among educators and social scientists. Soap Opera is one of the highest exponents as transmitter of values, rules, attitudes and opinions. This article presents an empirical study about the spanish teen soap «Al salir de clase», which analyses its contents and adolescent's reception.

Social Security Meets Race

P resident Bush has appealed to African-American voters by arguing that they would benefit from the replacement of part of the traditional Social Security retirement income system with private retirement accounts. The argument goes like this: The average 50-year-old African American has a life expectancy of 27.3 years, as compared to an average of 30.5 years for Caucasians. This means that African Americans receive retirement benefits for fewer years and are more likely to die before receiving any benefits at all. In a system of private retirement accounts, African Americans could bequeath their accounts to their heirs, thereby closing some of the “black-white” wealth gap and ensuring that blacks no longer get a bad deal from Social Security. There are good reasons for introducing private retirement accounts, such as increasing national savings and improving labor supply incentives. But achieving racial parity in Social Security benefits is not one of them. Blacks benefit disproportionately from other features of Social Security. Because they have below-average lifetime earnings, they are helped by the Social Security benefit formula that replaces a larger fraction of pre-retirement earnings for low earners than for high earners. For the retirement portion of Social Security, these two effects almost exactly cancel, meaning that blacks receive rates of return on their Social Security payroll tax payments at least equal to those for whites. When benefits for disability and young survivors are included, blacks clearly receive an above-average return from the current Social Security system. Because Social Security benefits are protected from inflation and last as long as you live, they are especially valuable to low-income groups that count on them for a large portion of retirement income. Thus, changing Social Security may in fact harm, rather than help, blacks. ![Figure][1] CREDIT: J. SCOTT APPLEWHITE/AP It is hard to judge how different racial and ethnic groups would fare under an approach that has not yet been fully defined, but there are reasons for worry. First, the president proposes to divert payroll tax revenue away from the current system. That raises the chance that disability and survivor benefits will be cut, disproportionately affecting blacks. Second, there might not be any redistribution from high earners to low earners in the privatized portion of the reformed system, meaning that gains to blacks from the bequeathability of accounts will be at least partially offset. Third, any sensible privatization plan will require retirees to convert their account balance into annuities upon retirement; because members of long-lived groups will receive annuity payments for more years, there will continue to be redistribution from groups with low life expectancy to groups with high life expectancy. Fourth, the introduction of market risk into Social Security will be more of a burden for low-income groups such as blacks. One could design a system with privatized accounts in which blacks do fine: by maintaining disability benefit levels, enhancing redistribution from high earners to low earners, and requiring that annuities provide payments to the retired worker or his or her heirs for a minimum of 10 years. Blacks could indeed be winners from such a reform. But these features are unrelated to privatization; all could be accomplished within the traditional Social Security system. If the real objective is to help demographic groups with short life expectancy, tinkering with Social Security rules may not be the best approach. Instead, investing in the health of low-income populations with early mortality could produce greater benefits in the short run and help to close the longevity gap in the long run. Under the present system, if black and white longevities were equal, blacks would receive about $4 billion of additional Social Security benefits per year. That's less than 2% of spending on Medicaid, the nation's medical assistance program for low-income individuals. Even if that sum were sensibly invested in expanding access to health care, improving community health centers, increasing research expenditures on racial differences in disease, and so on, it is doubtful whether longevity differences could be eliminated. That's because the differences are large, and the things that are likely to have the biggest impact—changing diet and exercise habits—are hard to alter with government policy. Thus, investing in the health of low-income populations may well be the best way to spend money on behalf of groups with short life spans. But we should not kid ourselves into believing that investments of this size will erase racial differences in health outcomes. And the president should not kid African Americans that Social Security privatization will make them richer. [1]: pending:yes

Worrying about a frightening old age

This study investigates the worries of persons regarding their future old age. Worry is looked at in relation to the respondents' sense of coherence in order to evaluate the relationship between a person's ability to cope and to find meaning in life and their image of future old age. The impact of worry over being the victim of elder abuse is compared to other reasons for worry. Results indicate that for the most part, the elderly are not overwhelmed with worries and manage their lives, coping adequately with the problems of day-to-day living. Findings show that middle-aged people indicate the highest worry scores. The findings further show that the post-retirement group has the highest scores on sense of coherence.