Reasons People Research Articles

When social participation leads adults’ life satisfaction: Moderating role of motivation for social participation

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal association of social participation and life satisfaction by considering the motivation for social participation as a moderating variable. The data from 4,007 Korean adults were analyzed. Motivation for social participation was categorized into autonomous motivation or controlled motivation. Multi-group autoregressive cross-lagged modeling revealed that life satisfaction and social participation showed reciprocal relationships only when adults have autonomous motivation during social engagement. Social participation with controlled motivation was associated with later lower life satisfaction. Additionally, prior life satisfaction was not associated with controlled social participation. The results showed that the reason people participate in social activity is critical in understanding the effect of social participation in adulthood. Active social engagement with autonomous motivation and disengagement from controlled social participation may be a critical key for life satisfaction.

Cognitive interviews on the Swedish occupational balance questionnaire

Background The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) is a commonly used instrument for measuring self-rated occupational balance. It needs further development, and therefore an additional 11 tentative items have been developed. One aspect of this is studying the interpretations and reasoning of people responding to the items/instrument. Aim The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adults interpret and reason in relation to OBQ11 overall, the individual items in the instrument as well as the new tentative items. Method Cognitive interviews were conducted with eight participants varying in age, gender, living situation, education, native language, and self-reported disability. They were included using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. The interviews were analysed using a content analysis with an inductive approach. Results The analysis resulted in three main categories: ‘Difficulties understanding the items’ (with two subcategories), ‘Structure of the instrument’ (with four subcategories) and ‘Missed perspectives in the instrument’ (with four subcategories). Conclusions The participants considered the items and the instrument relevant for assessing occupational balance. However, the results also revealed the need for more clarifications and changed item order prior to introducing a potential new version of the instrument.

Reading his Way to Royalism? Sir Thomas Myddelton, Side-Changing and Loyalty in England and Wales, 1639–66

Abstract Civil War allegiance has long been a preoccupation of early modern British historians. They have weighed geographical, religious, political, and pragmatic reasons for British people to choose sides in 1642. A study of the changes of allegiance in the years that followed is just as important. Side-changing reveals the fractures and difficulties that war, regime change, and an uneasy peace created. Most scholarship has examined figures whose ideas and beliefs remained consistent as the world around them changed. This article argues that others changed their minds (and their side) because their ideas fundamentally shifted, through an engagement with oppositional literature, a royalist social environment, and relationships built with royalist agents. Through a case study of the parliamentarian Major-General Sir Thomas Myddelton it examines this process of change. The article takes the study of allegiance into the Interregnum and beyond to the Restoration, tracing the impact of Myddelton's reading, experiences, and actions upon his declared loyalty. To do this, the article proposes a methodology that cuts across historical approaches, using evidence from financial accounts, libraries, and legal cases alongside surviving correspondence and printed pamphlets to build a composite image of a changing mind.

Procedures And Adverse Effects Of Teeth Whitening

Now a days people are giving much more importance to perfect smiles. Expectations about aesthetic appearance has been increasing day by day in the recent times. Aesthetic smiles including tooth colour and appearance is very important to patients. So teeth whitening procedures are one of the most frequently demanded treatment options by public. Besides oral health and hygiene, there is an increasing number of oral care products that focus on teeth whitening. There are various reasons for people to choose teeth whitening as a treatment option which includes: staining of teeth which may include extrinsic or intrinsic stains, to improve their smiles etc. Among all of these, teeth discolouration is the most common cause. Discolouration of teeth are mostly associated with staining. Therefore, excellent approach to discolouration of teeth is teeth whitening techniques. There are various procedures of teeth whitening. Here we are going to discuss about vital and non-vital teeth whitening techniques which is also called bleaching and the adverse effects associated with these procedures. Both vital and non-vital teeth whitening procedures come up in in either at-home technique or in-office procedure and over-the- counter modalities. carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide or sodium perborate are the different types of chemical agents that are being used for these procedures which are going to be discussed in the coming sections. These procedures not only produce excellent whitening effects but also some of the adverse effects which are discussed in this paper. Finally, the result of the treatment is whiter teeth and perfect smiles. Dentist plays an important role to bring about a perfect smile on people’s face

Dual Kv7.2/3-TRPV1 modulators inhibit nociceptor hyperexcitability and alleviate pain without target-related side effects.

Persistent or chronic pain is the primary reason people seek medical care, yet current therapies are either limited in efficacy or cause intolerable side effects. Diverse mechanisms contribute to the basic phenomena of nociceptor hyperexcitability that initiates and maintains pain. Two prominent players in the modulation of nociceptor hyperexcitability are the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) ligand-gated ion channel and the voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv7.2/3, that reciprocally regulate neuronal excitability. Across many drug development programs targeting either TRPV1 or Kv7.2/3, significant evidence has been accumulated to support these as highly relevant targets; however, side effects that are poorly separated from efficacy have limited the successful clinical translation of numerous Kv7.2/3 and TRPV1 drug development programs. We report here the pharmacological profile of 3 structurally related small molecule analogues that demonstrate a novel mechanism of action (MOA) of dual modulation of Kv7.2/3 and TRPV1. Specifically, these compounds simultaneously activate Kv7.2/3 and enable unexpected specific and potent inhibition of TRPV1. This in vitro potency translated to significant analgesia in vivo in several animal models of acute and chronic pain. Importantly, this specific MOA is not associated with any previously described Kv7.2/3 or TRPV1 class-specific side effects. We suggest that the therapeutic potential of this MOA is derived from the selective and specific targeting of a subpopulation of nociceptors found in rodents and humans. This efficacy and safety profile supports the advancement of dual TRPV1-Kv7.2/3 modulating compounds into preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of chronic pain.

The Vaper's Perspective: A Qualitative Study of E-Cigarette Users and Smokers in Slovenia.

The use of e-cigarettes has been rapidly expanding in recent years. The reasons people in Slovenia chose to use electronic cigarettes have not been studied to date. This study examines e-cigarette users' attitudes regarding their health risks. The aim of the study was to examine the users' standpoint towards e-cigarettes and their understanding of the impact on people's health. This qualitative study consists of 15 semi-qualitative interviews. Fifteen active or former tobacco smokers and/or e-cigarette users were interviewed using semi-structured interviews between 1 December 2019 and 30 April 2020. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The employed inductive analysis consisted of coding, creating categories and abstraction; that is, framing a general description of the research topic through generating categories. Data show that the interviewees do not have a unified opinion regarding the use and harmful effects of e-cigarettes. They agree that e-cigarettes are less harmful than regular cigarettes, but do not believe that they completely eliminate harmful effects for people that smoke regularly. The results also show that vaping is typical of young people, who use e-cigarettes as an important element of their subculture. The use of e-cigarettes in Slovenia is still a matter of public debate, because the advantages and harmful effects of using e-cigarettes are not yet well known. National guidelines for reducing the harmful effects of e-cigarettes are needed.

Collateral damage: the emotional and material costs of political commitment for the followers of Mazzini and Garibaldi

ABSTRACT This article aims to cast light on the backstage of total militancy in the case of the followers of Mazzini and Garibaldi during the Risorgimento and post-Risorgimento. Political engagement is an existential commitment to a cause either in undercover conspiracy networks or in openly volunteering to fight all the way through to parliamentary activity that carries emotional and material costs. These costs can best be approached through the now rich scholarly literature on political emotions and exile, and the still under-investigated collateral effects of nineteenth-century patriotism that can be recovered from the study of the correspondence of families and friends and ego-documents. From Mazzini’s most intimate confessions to the choices made by Giovine Italia’s local leaders or by Garibaldi’s officers on the battlefield or even in the parliamentary arena, the impact of politics on the private horizon reveals the multiple layers of gain and loss, of expectation and disappointment, playing an unavoidable role in the lives of so many Italian men and women. The selected cases illustrate how disruptive political engagement proved to be when it entered the private sphere in the shape of risk, absence or punishment, and yet how fulfilling it was when it offered the ultimate reason for people leaving behind their loved ones and their professional status.

Cultural bias and cultural alignment of large language models.

Culture fundamentally shapes people's reasoning, behavior, and communication. As people increasingly use generative artificial intelligence (AI) to expedite and automate personal and professional tasks, cultural values embedded in AI models may bias people's authentic expression and contribute to the dominance of certain cultures. We conduct a disaggregated evaluation of cultural bias for five widely used large language models (OpenAI's GPT-4o/4-turbo/4/3.5-turbo/3) by comparing the models' responses to nationally representative survey data. All models exhibit cultural values resembling English-speaking and Protestant European countries. We test cultural prompting as a control strategy to increase cultural alignment for each country/territory. For later models (GPT-4, 4-turbo, 4o), this improves the cultural alignment of the models' output for 71-81% of countries and territories. We suggest using cultural prompting and ongoing evaluation to reduce cultural bias in the output of generative AI.

An Analysis of the Impact of Stubble Burning and Firecrackers on the Environment and Human Well-being

Pollution, the contamination of the environment with harmful materials, affects human health, quality of life, and ecosystem functions. Recently, stubble burning and firecracker usage have drawn attention for their environmental impact, particularly in India’s National Capital Region (NCR): Delhi, where toxic air creates public health emergencies in winter due to inversion, moisture, and poor wind dispersion. Fireworks also cause short-term air quality deterioration by releasing hazardous chemicals and organic pollutants. Ground-level displays have immediate health effects, unlike high-altitude releases, which dilute pollutants. The bursting of firecrackers is seen as a symbolic expression of joy in Indian Culture. Using both primary data, from farmers as well as the people of Delhi and Chandigarh (two Union Territories of India, one being the capital city and the other being a comparatively cleaner and greener city) and secondary data and information, collected from government and credible portals, an analysis has been done on the impact of stubble burning and firecrackers along with the reasons for these taking place from the surveys carried out online. This analytical research aims to bring forward the potential reasons for people continuing to burst firecrackers and farmers burning stubble, despite knowing the detrimental impacts on environment and health of others, as well as assessing the impact on the health of residents of Delhi and Chandigarh.

Social environment, health cognition, and health behavior: how individuals with non-fixed employment end up with adverse health outcomes in China under the era of VUCA?-findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA.

This article studied the single-factor causal relationships between the social environment, health cognition, and health behavior of the individuals with non-fixed employment and their adverse health outcomes, as well as the complex causal relationships of multiple factors on these outcomes. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) are employed. Data is collected from the results of an open questionnaire Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents 2021. PLS-SEM analysis reveals that health risk behaviors and cognition play a mediating role in impact of the social environment on adverse health outcomes, indicating that individuals with non-fixed employment susceptible to adverse health outcomes. fsQCA analysis identifies that weak social support is a core condition leading to outcomes of depression and anxiety. There are shared configurations and causal pathways between the outcomes of physical health and depression. The study supports the social determinants theory of health and suggests that the fundamental reason for people being trapped in adverse health outcomes is the health inequality caused by social stratification, and the external shock of uncertainty in the era of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity).

2229 A review of CT head scans in elderly patients admitted to hospital with falls and adherence to the NICE guidelines.

Abstract Introduction Falls remain the leading reason for elderly people to attend emergency department (ED), which in 2023 led to 250,000 hospital admissions in the UK. A seemingly large number of geriatric patients undergo CT head as an initial workup in ED which might not be necessary, especially in minor head trauma. NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), recommended risk stratification to reduce unnecessary head scanning which may potentially reduce ED length of stay, hospitalisation and medical expense. Our study evaluated the current practice of adherence to NICE guidance on Head Injury: assessment and early management for performing CT head scans in elderly admitted to Basildon hospital. Methods Two cycles of retrospective data collection were undertaken across three elderly care wards. Elderly patients admitted with falls who had CT head scans were identified. Indication for scanning were evaluated to determine adherence with NICE guidelines for head injury. Between cycles, formal educational sessions were provided to Junior Doctors by departmental teaching and distributing leaflets/posters explaining NICE guidance for indication of CT head scans in head injury. Results Following the interventions implemented, patient compliance to the NICE guidance for undergoing CT head with a history of falls, rose from 77.33% to 93.99%. No significant difference in abnormal CT head findings were demonstrated between cycles. In addition, mortality observed between cycles was near equivalent, 12% and 11.67% respectively. The mean time for CT head scans performed also improved, from 13 hours to 4 hours. Conclusion We demonstrated education regarding the indication for CT head scans in elderly with falls improved the appropriateness of scans performed in accordance with NICE guidance. CT head scans performed which more robustly met NICE guidance demonstrated no difference in adverse findings or patient mortality and may have contributed to reduced mean scan time, thus improving resource allocation.

Daily cannabis use and cognitive impairment in community residents aged 50 and over

ABSTRACT Background Cannabis use is associated with cognitive dysfunction in younger adults, but little is known about its role as a risk factor for dementia. This study aimed to explore the association between daily cannabis use and cognitive impairment in a cohort study of middle-aged and older people at risk of dementia. Methods Sample drawn from a cross-sectional study involving 15,582 people aged 50 and over from PROTECT study. Lifetime heavy cannabis use was defined by daily use. Results A total of 4203 (27%) participants reported lifetime cannabis use, of whom 4097 responses to frequency of use were obtained. Among them, 259 participants reported lifetime daily, and 3838 reported less than daily use. Those with lifetime daily cannabis use were more likely than those without to be unmarried, of lower educational attainment, and current or past tobacco smokers. They were more likely to show moderate or moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression. Baseline lifetime daily cannabis use was also associated with improved verbal reasoning but not with change in other cognitive scores. Conclusions Given improved verbal reasoning in people with daily lifetime cannabis use, the relationship between quantity and frequency of cannabis use and cognitive impairment in later life warrants further examination.

Bibliography of Resources That Can Be Used in The Process of Gaining Communication Skills in Religious Education

Education has been accepted as an important tool to shape the behavior of the individual and to gain knowledge, skills and values to the individual. Religion, on the other hand, has been a phenomenon that has been organizing life since the existence of humanity and directly shaping the activities of people in social, economic, cultural, etc. fields. For this reason, the communication and interaction of people with each other has become an inevitable situation from the past to the present. In this study, it is aimed to make an evaluation of how individuals can improve their communication skills in the process of religious education. Considering the remarkable scarcity of research on the development of communication skills in the field of religious education, the study was considered important. The data obtained in the study were handled by qualitative research method. Descriptive data analysis and content analysis were used in the evaluation process of this research. The bibliography of the resources that can be used in the process of gaining communication skills in religious education is given and an evaluation is made in this context.

THE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FUNCTION WAS IMPLEMENTED TO PREDICT THE PRESENCE OF DIABETES

Diabetes is a condition blood sugar concentrations are high and there is something wrong with insulin inside the body. A hormone called insulin controls the equilibrium of blood sugar concentration in humans. Diabetes has high-risk health, such as CKD, CVD, skin disease or even blindness. The reason people suffer from diabetes is caused of bad consumption habits. Some symptoms of diabetes are frequent urination and feeling hungry too quickly. Diabetes is sometimes difficult to diagnose, which is why it is also referred to as the silent killer. A preventive way is an early prediction of diabetes disease. This is very important to do. In this study, the discriminant analysis algorithm is used along with machine learning techniques. In this study, machine learning techniques are used. Its name is discriminant analysis algorithm. Two popular versions are linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). This method is used because it is suitable for high-dimensional data and the discriminant analysis algorithm has minimal parameters. The discriminant analysis algorithm uses few parameters and this method appropriate for high-dimensional data. We'll compare the two approaches to find a way to demonstrate their dependability. Both approaches would be contrasted. Based on the result, QDA has the best performance. QDA can produce accuracy = 93.7%, TPR = 93.7%, precision = 94.3%, recall = 93.7% and F-measure = 93.9%. FPR of QDA is the lowest one, it is 1.02%. It means QDA has a small error in making predictions. Overall, based on the result QDA is the proven and proper method for detecting diabetes disease

Personal Loans (PINPRI) in the Review of Positive Law and Islamic Law

This research aims to answer a problem regarding the practice of pinpri loans that have not been registered with the Financial Services Authority and how Islamic law reviews the reasons people make pinpri loans. The research method used is statute approach analysis and comparison. Based on the results of the study the practice of personal loans (pinpri) is a cash loan that has not been registered with the Financial Services Authority is the practice of lending through individuals and has not been registered or even licensed by the Financial Services Authority so that it can be said to be illegal and violates Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 77 / POJK.01 / 2016 concerning LPMUBTI, then in the practice of personal loans (pinpri) there are additional funds and have regulations that are not by the operational system listed in the cash loan rules. In terms of Islamic law, the reason why people practice personal loans (pinpri) is because of urgent needs, easy disbursement, and consumptive behavior, while this is contrary to the concept of Islamic law in qardh theory. Because in the practice of personal loans (pinpri) that have not been registered with the Financial Services Authority, several elements are not by Islamic law, namely usury, gharar, dharar, and zhulm so the law is haram and harms and brings mudharat to the community

TV DOCUMENTARY PRODUCTION "THE EXISTENCE OF FAKE NUMBER PLATES"

This research was conducted to find out more about how behind the making of fake plates and why people prefer to use fake number plate making services instead of making them from official institutions (samsat). This documentary film uses the field research method. Field Research is research conducted directly into the field in order to obtain complete and valid data. This research aims to find out the activities of buying and selling fake plates of motorised vehicle numbers in terms of Law Number 22 Year 2009 and Indonesian law in Tangerang City. In addition, it is also to find out the process of buying and selling vehicle number plates because the problem is that the object (Fake Motor Vehicle Number Plates) being traded can be detrimental to the buyer because there is article 68 in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2009 concerning road traffic and transportation which prohibits the use of these goods. Based on the results of documentary production, it is found that the reason people use the service of making paslu number plates is because the original plate is damaged, avoiding the police to get a ticket, and also the reason for avoiding bureaucracy related to Foreign Citizens (WNA).

Self-Concordance Theory and the Goal-Striving Reasons Framework and Their Distinct Relationships With Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being.

Self-concordance theory and the goal-striving reasons framework both measure the quality of people's reasons for their goal pursuits. Both have provided substantial evidence for their predictive power for people's well-being. However, it remains unclear which of the two goal-reason models is the better predictor for different forms of well-being. The paper analyses the distinct relationships of the two models in relation to hedonic well-being (Subjective Well-Being, Life Satisfaction, Affect Balance) and indicators of eudaimonic well-being (Basic Need Satisfaction, Purpose and Self-Acceptance). The findings are based on a cross-sectional, correlative research design based (N = 124). Using multiple regression analyses the results show that the goal-striving reasons framework is overall more strongly associated with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. However, the differences for hedonic well-being as well as for self-acceptance and purpose are much larger than they are for the three basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Here, self-concordance achieves nearly similar correlations to the goal-striving reasons framework. The findings have implications for theory and practice as they highlight the theoretical differences between the two goal-reasons models but also help to decide which Positive Psychology Interventions are most suitable to increase which form of well-being.

Doing physical activity or not: an ethnographic study of the reasoning of healthcare workers and people with type 2 diabetes

AbstractAccording to biomedical notions, physical activity (PA) is an integral part of treatment for several non-communicable diseases, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) among them. Adapting one’s life in accordance with such notions, however, involves considerations that reach beyond what can be confined to treatment decisions. Thus, we aim to explore the various reasons for doing PA or not among healthcare workers and people with T2D taking part in programs that promote PA. We do so based on ethnographic fieldwork that includes observations and focus group interviews in two programs in a Danish municipality, and with inspiration drawn from Habermas’ theory of communicative action. Our results show that healthcare workers emphasize primarily health-related reasons for doing PA, including a moral imperative to be healthy, while people with T2D have a slew of other reasons for doing PA or not. These reasons together illustrate that for participants with T2D, long-term concerns for health and disease take a backseat to more immediate concerns for enjoyment, pain, and family, and that the participants generally reject the normative health imperative. We suggest that healthcare workers and participants with T2D engage in dialogue about their normative assumptions with the purpose of reaching a mutual understanding.

A family affair: Repeated interviews with people with dementia and a euthanasia wish and their families

This study examines the reasons of people with dementia request euthanasia and how these reasons change over time with a special focus on reasons related to family. In addition, it examines how family relates to their loved one’s euthanasia wish. Seven people with dementia and a euthanasia wish in the Netherlands were interviewed, and three years later, two of them and five family members were interviewed again. Four themes were identified using thematic analyses: (1) Protecting the relationship from the impact of dementia; (2) Private domain as the primary setting to discuss euthanasia; (3) Implicit expectation to respect and agree with the euthanasia wish; (4) Experienced responsibilities of family regarding the euthanasia wish. Professionals should be aware of the position of family and the interrelatedness of the person’s concern for family happiness and families’ moral commitment to agree and support the wish.

Emerging Opportunities in Blue Tourism

The ocean has intrinsic value that attracts people for various reasons including residence and recreation. Blue tourism has become one of the most popular forms of tourism in coastal and marine environments. This commentary considers the emerging opportunities in the blue tourism sector, which refers to the application of sustainability practices in coastal and marine tourism. The article considers the therapeutic nature of the ocean environment and how this may be linked to health tourism, which includes wellness tourism and medical tourism. Water has been proven to be very effective as a therapeutic agent and combining these characteristics with tourism creates unique opportunities for blue tourism businesses. The ocean also has strong spiritual value to many different cultural and religious groups, and this can be a valuable draw card for cultural heritage and religious tourists. Tourism products could include packages that allow tourists to witness unique cultural practices that take place in and around the ocean. With blue tourism, and its implicit link to sustainability, there is significant potential for tourism to help reach some of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The commentary further considers emerging issues for blue tourism in a postCOVID‐19 environment as they relate to technological advancements through virtual and augmented reality experiences.