Reappraisal Strategies Research Articles

Everything under control? Daily dynamics of self-control and emotion regulation

Abstract As emotions may hinder goal pursuit, regulating them is important. Although the relationship between self-control and emotion regulation has mainly been investigated on a dispositional level, the engagement in self-control and emotion regulation fluctuates across situations. Research on how and to what extent self-control and emotion regulation impact one another within individuals over time is scarce. In the present study, we investigated the within-person reciprocal relationships between momentary self-control and the emotion regulation strategies reappraisal and suppression. Ecological momentary assessment was employed to collect diary data five times a day over four days using repeated, short measures of emotions, self-control, reappraisal, and suppression. Using Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (DSEM) of data from 1874 assessments provided by 111 participants, results showed that the relationship between self-control and the emotion regulation strategies reappraisal and suppression is reciprocal within persons over time. Momentary suppression related to lower levels of momentary self-control later on, and self-control, in turn, was positively associated with the employment of subsequent reappraisal. Findings are discussed in light of the importance of self-control in dealing with emotions that impede goal pursuit, and the contextual importance of this relationship. Overall, this study adds to the question how emotion regulation and self-control are intertwined on a within-person level and provides insight into how people could deal with their emotional experiences to achieve their long-term goals.

Exploring the mechanisms influencing psychological adaptation in athletes in high-risk sports: a moderated mediation model

This study explores the impact of state and trait anxiety on perceived stress in athletes in high-risk sports, focusing on the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and the moderating effect of sports psychological skills. Data were collected from athletes in sports like Boxing, Sanda, Mixed Martial Arts, Freestyle Skiing, and Ski Jumping. The analysis, conducted using the PROCESS macro revealed that both state and trait anxiety significantly predict perceived stress (β = 0.331, p < 0.001; β = 0.500, p < 0.001). Cognitive reappraisal strategies negatively mediate this relationship (β = -0.117, p < 0.001; β = -0.176, p < 0.001). Sports psychological skills moderate the relationship between anxiety and cognitive reappraisal (β = -0.094, p < 0.001; β = -0.091, p < 0.001). Female athletes reported higher levels of anxiety and stress, whereas male athletes were more likely to use cognitive reappraisal. Greater injury severity was associated with increased anxiety and stress, but cognitive reappraisal and sports psychological skills remained stable across injury levels. These findings contribute to an understanding of psychological adaptation in high-risk sports athletes and have implications for targeted psychological interventions.

Relations between psychosis and emotion regulation in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using experience sampling methods.

Research has shown that heightened emotionality often precedes psychotic experiences. Understanding how individuals cope with these emotions is crucial for psychosis. While prior studies on emotion regulation (ER) and psychosis have mainly relied on self-report questionnaires, recent research has increasingly utilised daily life methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis seek to examine the relationship between daily ER and psychotic experiences. In total, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis (21 in the systematic review). The results of Experience Sampling Methods (ESM) studies indicated that ER strategies of avoidance, reappraisal, repetitive thinking, and emotional suppression are not associated with psychotic experiences in daily life. The effect was not moderated by type of sample (clinical vs non-clinical), symptom (hallucination vs delusions), relation (contemporaneous vs perspective), or other methodological variables. Acceptance was found to be negatively associated with psychotic experiences, but the effect was small. These results indicate that ER in daily life might not impact directly on psychotic experiences. The results are discussed in light of conceptual and methodological limitations in the field.

Resilience in Bullying Victims: The Role of Emotion Regulation and School Climate with Self-Esteem as a Mediator

Bullying in schools has become a serious issue that affects the mental health of teenagers. Data shows that many victims of bullying in Indonesia experience various negative impacts, including low self esteem. Therefore, it is important to explore factors that support resilience, such as emotion regulation and school climate. Based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, the interaction between individuals and their environment, particularly schools, can influence the development of resilience. This study aims to examine how emotional regulation and school climate contribute to resilience, with self-esteem as an important mediator. The research method used is quantitative with mediator analysis techniques. The respondents in this study numbered 642 individuals with characteristics aged 12-16 years and who had previously been victims of bullying. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The research scales used are the Child-Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and School Climate Scale. The research results show that the cognitive reappraisal strategy does not have a direct impact on resilience but has an effect through self-esteem. Other results indicate that the school climate directly affects resilience and also has an effect through self-esteem. The use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies can enhance self-esteem, which in turn increases resilience. A positive school climate can also enhance self-esteem and resilience in facing various challenges.1

The effect of state gratitude on interpersonal trust under cognitive reappraisal among Chinese college students

ObjectivesThis article starts with increasing emotions through cognitive reappraisal and explores the impact of state gratitude emotions on interpersonal trust among college students under cognitive reappraisal.MethodIn study 1, we used a questionnaire survey and experimental design to collect data, which we processed/analyzed using SPSS 23.0. We employed, the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS), as adapted by Xu Huiyan, consisting of 25 items, to measure the interpersonal trust levels among college students and to explore the potentially significant differences in interpersonal trust levels among the students based on their demographic variables, including gender. We collected 347 survey questionnaires, with 143 from males and 204 from females, with a mean age of 20.93 (SD = 2.703). In study 2, we utilized a univariate inter-subject experimental design, with the independent variable being the state gratitude emotion (awakened vs. not awakened) under cognitive reappraisal, and the dependent variable was the level of interpersonal trust. Thirty participants participated in the pre-experiment, followed by 119 participants in the formal experiment to assess the impact of state gratitude emotion on interpersonal trust among college students, using motivation reappraisal strategy (t = − 4.028, p < 0.01).ResultsThis study found that (1) the overall interpersonal trust of college students was moderate to low (M = 38.01, SD = 9.13); (2) no significant differences in interpersonal trust levels were found among college students based on gender, grade, and whether they had children; however, the significant differences in interpersonal trust levels were observed among college students based on their the area of residence (F = 3.675, p < 0.05), school type (F = 3.04, p < 0.05), and family type (t = − 3.034, p < 0.01); (3) cognitive reappraisal has been shown to enhance individuals’ gratitude emotions in situations, thereby, raising their interpersonal trust level.ConclusionsWe conclude that cognitive reappraisal enhances individuals’ positive emotions and levels of interpersonal trust in social interactions, offering a reference for promoting positive emotions and interpersonal trust levels among college students.

Cognitive Engagement and Subjective Well-Being in Adults: Exploring the Role of Domain-Specific Need for Cognition.

Need for Cognition (NFC) is an investment trait reflecting interindividual differences in intrinsically motivated engagement in cognitive endeavors. While other motivational constructs like the ability self-concept are typically conceptualized domain-specific, NFC was initially conceived to describe domain-general behavior. Building on a previous study reporting the relevance of domain-specific aspects of NFC in the school context, we investigated the domain-specificity of NFC in predicting various aspects of subjective well-being across three samples with N = 1074 participants and subsamples of students and professionals ranging from n = 140 to n = 346. Our findings reveal positive associations of both domain-general and domain-specific NFC with positive affect, life satisfaction, and job- and study-related satisfaction. In part, domain-specific NFC was more strongly related to domain-specific life satisfaction compared to domain-general NFC. Additionally, we found evidence for small incremental values of domain-specific NFC over and above domain-general NFC in predicting subjective well-being. Confirming previous research, self-control and the emotion regulation strategy reappraisal partially mediated the prediction of well-being by NFC. Our results indicate that additionally considering NFC as domain-specific can meaningfully complement the domain-general conceptualization.

Can a mindfulness programme in schools for students with ADHD symptoms improve emotional well-being?

Abstract Background This study employs a cluster randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a universal mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in classrooms in improving emotional well-being and emotion regulation among adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms. Methods The study comprised 342 students: 164 in an MBI group, 128 in a relaxation control group, and 47 in an inactive control group. Positive and negative emotional states and the emotion regulation strategies of rumination, acceptance, catastrophizing, positive reappraisal, and self-kindness were measured at the pre- (T0) and post-intervention (T9) and the 26-week follow-up (T26). Linear mixed models were used to analyze the intervention effects among all participants and separately by gender and ADHD symptom type. Results The results showed that compared to the controls, there was a beneficial effect on the MBI group concerning acceptance at T9; acceptance remained at the baseline level in the MBI group but decreased in the inactive control group. In contrast, in the inactive control group, rumination decreased at T9, and positive reappraisal increased at T26 compared to the MBI group. The MBI had no detectable effects on self-kindness, catastrophizing, or positive/negative emotional states. Findings on the emotion regulation strategies varied by gender. In boys, the MBI increased acceptance at T9 compared to the inactive control group, whereas in girls, the programme reduced catastrophizing at T9 and T26 compared to the active control group. Contrary in boys, MBI group exhibited less reduction in catastrophizing at T9 compared to the inactive control group. Conclusions Universal MBIs may have some beneficial effects on emotion regulation in adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms. Both girls and boys might be responsive to universal MBIs as part of the school curriculum, however not all consequences are positive (especially in boys). Key messages • Universal MBIs in classrooms may have some beneficial effects on emotion regulation among adolescent with elevated ADHD symptoms; however, the results are contradictory and more research is needed. • Even though, universal MBIs may have some benefits, they may require modifications to lead to more beneficial effects on emotional well-being when used with this subgroup of students.

Physical Symptoms and Coping Strategies With Earthquake Stress Among Adults Living in Tent Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to examine the physical symptoms, coping strategies for earthquake stress and factors predicting coping strategies among adults staying in tent cities after an earthquake. A cross-sectional design was conducted. The study sample consisted of 706 adults residing in tent cities in three cities of earthquake-affected regions. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys and the Earthquake Coping Strategies Scale, starting from the 16th day after the earthquake in February-March 2023. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, McNemar test and multiple linear regression analysis used for data analysis. The first three physical symptoms with the highest frequency after the earthquake were insomnia, frequent waking and difficulty falling asleep, respectively. Individuals with chronic illnesses, lower education levels, no previous experience with earthquakes and having undamaged homes more frequently used religious coping strategies. Individuals with higher incomes, employed individuals, non-smokers and those with having undamaged homes more frequently used positive reappraisal strategies. The present study concluded that physical symptoms were common among individuals in the post-earthquake period and that many individuals adopted religious coping strategies. Nurses can develop effective interventions for preventing physical and mental health problems in the post-earthquake period. They can contribute significantly as caregivers, leaders, researchers and advisors in health monitoring and improvement practices for individuals after earthquakes. The results of the study are instructive for designing prevention and improvement practices to minimise future destructive effects of earthquakes. Individuals mostly experienced sleep problems and preferred different coping styles in the early post-earthquake period. The physical and mental health of individuals can be improved by early intervention and encouraging effective coping methods after an earthquake. STROBE checklist. No patient or public involvement.

Interoception primes negative emotion processing during cognitive reappraisal: Electroencephalographical evidence

Interoception, which refers to sensing, interpreting, and integrating internal bodily signals, has been suggested to be associated with emotion regulation. Previous research has demonstrated individual differences in interoception and its impact on emotion regulation. However, the priming effect of interoception on emotion regulation and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. This study aims to examine how interoception primes different strategies of cognitive reappraisal, using electroencephalography (EEG). Thirty-seven healthy participants completed an interoceptive priming task. We found that interoception increased the amplitudes of the late positive potential (LPP) during both interpretation and detachment strategies. The priming effect of interoception in enhancing LPP amplitudes lasted longer for interpretation than for detachment. A decrease in alpha power during reinterpretation was observed after interoceptive priming, but not during detachment. The results revealed that interoception enhanced attention to bodily signals associated with negative emotions during cognitive reappraisal. Interoception showed distinct effects on different strategies of cognitive reappraisal, with different underlying neural mechanisms. Interoception-based programs may be an effective way to enhance the capacity for cognitive reappraisal.

Examining the effectiveness of positive reappraisal in the context of discrimination.

Positive reappraisal has been shown to be a generally effective emotion regulation strategy associated with multiple indices of greater psychological functioning. There are, however, some emotion-eliciting events, such as discrimination, that may not lend themselves to favorable alternative interpretations or which have relatively fewer affordances. In such instances, a reappraisal strategy could lose its effectiveness. We conducted an experimental test of this hypothesized ineffectiveness of positive reappraisal within a discriminatory context. Participants were 404 Black and Latine college students randomly assigned to imagine being the recipient of a rude or discriminatory comment and immediately afterward were asked to either ruminate about or positively reappraise the event. Overall, positive reappraisal was more effective than rumination in downregulating anxiety and anger. However, a single-df contrast test revealed that positive reappraisal in response to the rude comment was significantly more effective in reducing anxiety relative to the other three conditions (average of positive reappraisal of the discriminatory comment or rumination to either the rude or discriminatory comment). Additional analyses also showed that oppressed minority ideology (OMI) moderated the utility of anger regulation such that, for those lower on OMI, positive reappraisal was most effective in regulating anger in response to discrimination (compared to all other conditions), but among those higher on OMI, rumination and reappraisal to discrimination were equally effective. Results suggest that the effectiveness of positive reappraisal is lessened in a discrimination context and that more robust strategies may be needed to deal with the emotional fallout from this unique stressor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Informal Caregiver Burden and Potential Consequences

Providing care to an adult loved one is often described as a burden, but it can also promote flourishing. The present study examined the extent to which state hope and emotion regulation strategies of positive reappraisal and emotional suppression might account for the relation of burden on both burnout and flourishing in a sample of 162 informal caregivers (54.8% women; Mage = 42.92, SDage = 13.22). It was hypothesized that state hope would mediate the relationship between caregiver burden and both outcomes, with state hope being positively related to flourishing and negatively related to burnout. It was also hypothesized that positive reappraisal and emotional suppression would mediate the relationship between caregivers’ burden and the outcomes, with positive reappraisal predicting greater flourishing and emotional suppression predicting greater burnout, as well as less flourishing. Participants were recruited from the Prolific crowd sourcing platform and had been pre-screened as informal and unpaid caregivers of an adult. They completed a battery of questionnaires that were all self-report in nature for the cross-sectional design. Results indicate that only state hope mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and the outcomes of burnout and flourishing. Contrary to what was hypothesized, emotion regulation strategy was not a mechanism in these relationships. State hope could be a potential avenue for intervention for informal caregivers in that it may impact caregiver burden as well as burnout and flourishing.

Potential Mechanisms Underlying Reappraisal Strategies: An Exploratory Study

Reappraisal strategies are vital for our psychological well-being. The way people feel, behave and react in different stressful situations, depends to a degree on the reappraisal strategies they use to manage their emotional states and to cope with a given situation. In this paper, we assess the types of reappraisal strategy described in the scientific literature from the point of view of a focus on specific cognitive strategies. Adopting a mixed research design, we used inductive content analysis in order to identify potential underlying mechanisms relating to qualitative patterns of thinking used in efficient reappraisal. Eight anger and anxiety eliciting situations where used to stimulate emotional responses and the use of reappraisal strategies. Based on our exploratory approach we identified four additional specific reappraisal strategies (justification, responsibly assumption, normality check, and non-justified acceptance) which can be used as specific intervention techniques. Awareness and core beliefs are cognitive processes that contribute to the understanding of inter-individual differences in the efficacy of the reappraisal process. Research areas for future studies are identified.

Korban kekerasan dalam pacaran yang sulit meninggalkan hubungannya

Dating violence (KDP) is one of the most prevalent cases in Indonesia. Most victims of the cases choose to stay in the relationship and forgive their partners. This study aims to investigate whether emotional regulation strategies mediate the role of romantic attachment components on affective and cognitive empathy toward victims of dating violence. Participants in the study were victims of dating violence aged 18-29 years (N= 367) who live in Java Island. Research samples were collected using volunteer techniques (opt-in) panels where participants agreed to be involved through an invitation on a website page without being formally recruited. This study employs The Basic Empathy Scale to measure the dimensions of empathy, the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory to measure the type of romantic attachment components, and finally Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to measure the type of emotional regulation strategies. By model 4 of Hayes's analyses, the results showed that the reappraisal strategies type mediated the role of avoidance attachment toward empathy, both affective and cognitive. As practical implications, counselors are expected to establish secure attachments, particularly with their clients who experience dating violence in order to stabilize cognitive and affective empathy so they are able to live free of violent relationships.

Decoding acceptance and reappraisal strategies from resting state macro networks

Acceptance and reappraisal are considered adaptive emotion regulation strategies. While previous studies have explored the neural underpinnings of these strategies using task-based fMRI and sMRI, a gap exists in the literature concerning resting-state functional brain networks’ contributions to these abilities, especially regarding acceptance. Another intriguing question is whether these strategies rely on similar or different neural mechanisms. Building on the well-known improved emotion regulation and increased cognitive flexibility of individuals who rely on acceptance, we expected to find decreased activity inside the affective network and increased activity inside the executive and sensorimotor networks to be predictive of acceptance. We also expect that these networks may be associated at least in part with reappraisal, indicating a common mechanism behind different strategies. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a functional connectivity analysis of resting-state data from 134 individuals (95 females; mean age: 30.09 ± 12.87 years, mean education: 12.62 ± 1.41 years). To assess acceptance and reappraisal abilities, we used the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and a group-ICA unsupervised machine learning approach to identify resting-state networks. Subsequently, we conducted backward regression to predict acceptance and reappraisal abilities. As expected, results indicated that acceptance was predicted by decreased affective, and executive, and increased sensorimotor networks, while reappraisal was predicted by an increase in the sensorimotor network only. Notably, these findings suggest both distinct and overlapping brain contributions to acceptance and reappraisal strategies, with the sensorimotor network potentially serving as a core common mechanism. These results not only align with previous findings but also expand upon them, illustrating the complex interplay of cognitive, affective, and sensory abilities in emotion regulation.

The Effect of Online Training of Competitive Domino and Cup Stacking Games on Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation and Executive Functions of Children

Background: Children's behavior inside the home indicates that playing digital games and engaging in social networks are more prevalent than studying and physical activity. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of online training of dominoes and cup stacking games on the metacognitive processes of children. Methods: Fifty-four fifth and sixth grade students were equally assigned into three groups of cup stacking, domino, and control. Twelve training sessions, 2 sessions per week for 45 minutes, were held online in the experimental groups. The participants filled in the Adolescent and Adult Mindfulness Scale (AAMS), Emotion Regulation for Children and Adolescent (ERQ-CA), and Children's Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Questionnaire (BRIEF) before and after the training protocol. Results: MANCOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the cup stacking and domino groups in mindfulness. Cup stacking group on reappraisal strategy (emotion regulation), and dominoes on attention transfer, emotion control, and strategic planning (executive function) was significantly higher than other. The dominoes game, compared to the control group, had a significant impact on attention, non-judgment (mindfulness), reappraisal (emotion regulation), attention transfer, emotion control, and strategic planning (executive function). The cup stacking game, compared to the control group, had a significant effect on attention, and reappraisal. Conclusions: The findings emphasized the importance of the positive effect of online education, dominoes, and cup stacking games on certain metacognitive processes of children.

Brain mechanisms underlying the modulation of heart rate variability when accepting and reappraising emotions

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been linked to resilience and emotion regulation (ER). How HRV and brain processing interact during ER, however, has remained elusive. Sixty-two subjects completed the acquisition of resting HRV and task HRV while performing an ER functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) paradigm, which included the differential strategies of ER reappraisal and acceptance in the context of viewing aversive pictures. We found high correlations of resting and task HRV across all emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, individuals with high levels of resting, but not task, HRV showed numerically lower distress during ER with acceptance. Whole-brain fMRI parametrical modulation analyses revealed that higher task HRV covaried with dorso-medial prefrontal activation for reappraisal, and dorso-medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate and temporo-parietal junction activation for acceptance. Subjects with high resting HRV, compared to subjects with low resting HRV, showed higher activation in the pre-supplementary motor area during ER using a region of interest approach. This study demonstrates that while resting and task HRV exhibit a positive correlation, resting HRV seems to be a better predictor of ER capacity. Resting and task HRV were associated with ER brain activation in mid-line frontal cortex (i.e. DMPFC).

The emotion regulation antecedents of tertiary EFL instructors and their use of reappraisal and suppression

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of teachers' emotions in terms of their antecedents and ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression). To provide an in-depth understanding, a case study was conducted with eight tertiary instructors. The study utilized a narrative frame, semi-structured interviews, and vignettes. The results revealed the emotion-triggering antecedents were related to interactions with students, non-teaching responsibilities, and interactions with colleagues. The participants responded to these emotions using various expressive suppression (e.g., hiding an emotion's impact) and reappraisal strategies (e.g., adjusting expectations). The findings emphasized the situational and dynamic nature of ER.

Connections between Parental Emotion Socialization and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents: Examining the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Moderating Effect of Gender.

To explore the mediating effect of emotion regulation strategies on the correlation between parental emotion socialization and internalizing problems in adolescents, as well as the moderating effect of gender, a questionnaire survey was administered to 1078 junior high school students (Mage = 13.96 ± 1.00). The results revealed that supportive parental emotion socialization was negatively correlated with adolescents internalizing problems, whereas non-supportive parental emotion socialization was positively correlated with such problems. Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies functioned as parallel mediators in the relationship between supportive parental emotion socialization and adolescent internalizing problems, while only expressive suppression mediated the correlation between non-supportive emotion socialization and adolescent internalizing problems. Gender did not exhibit a moderating effect on the mediation model. These findings suggest that supportive parental responses to adolescents' negative emotions can reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety by cultivating increased utilization of cognitive reappraisal strategies and decreased reliance on expressive suppression strategies among adolescents, whereas non-supportive responses exacerbate the occurrence of depression and anxiety by promoting greater utilization of expressive suppression strategies. In addition, no significant gender differences were observed in the mediation effects. These findings emphasize the importance of prevention programs focusing on parental emotion socialization in adolescence.

The Roles of Emotion Regulation and Alexithymia in the Relationship Between Sleep and Social Functioning.

Poor sleep quality has been tied to worse social functioning outcomes, including greater loneliness, fewer social interactions, and lower social integration. Other factors likely play a role in the relationship between sleep quality and social functioning. Specifically, alexithymia and emotion regulation may serve as moderators in these relationships. Data for this study came from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3, a publicly available dataset (N = 213). Participants completed self-report measures including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and four measures of social functioning: Social Network Index, Social Participation Measure, Short Loneliness Scale, and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List for providing support to others. Sleep quality was significantly related to the social functioning variables. Further, the use of the emotion regulation strategy reappraisal significantly moderated the relationship between sleep quality and social participation. Worse sleep quality was related to lower engagement in social activities, only for participants high in use of reappraisal. Additionally, the use of reappraisal significantly moderated the relationship between sleep quality and giving of support. Worse sleep quality was related to less self-reported giving of support to others only for participants high in the use of reappraisal. Results suggest that the use of reappraisal may be an important factor to consider in the relationship between sleep and social functioning. Future work should extend these findings to the general population and a sample of individuals with relevant diagnoses, such as borderline personality or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Relationship between adolescent internet addiction and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: a moderated mediation model.

Both Internet addiction (IA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are major public health concerns among adolescents, association between internet addiction and non-suicidal self-injury have been observed among adolescents. However, it is unclear how, and under what conditions, internet addiction relates to non-suicidal self-injury. According to our hypothesis, there is a positive relationship between IA and NSSI among Chinese adolescents, but this relationship is affected by the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1046 Chinese adolescents from 3 middle schools. Measurements: Adolescent Self-Harm Scale; Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT); University of California at Los Angels (UCLA) Loneliness Scale; Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires. In our sample, the detection rate of NSSI was 12.3%. IA was positively associated with NSSI, and loneliness partially mediated the association between them. In addition, cognitive reappraisal moderated the first half path of the mediation model. Specifically, the higher the level of cognitive reappraisal, the weaker the positive effect of IA on NSSI through loneliness. Interventions targeted to reduce loneliness and increase cognitive reappraisal strategies may reduce the risk of NSSI in adolescents with Internet addiction.