Economic Realms Research Articles

THE ROLE OF POPULATION GROWTH, EDUCATION LEVEL, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE ON POVERTY LEVEL IN INDONESIA

Background: The problem of poverty is very urgent and does not have clear boundaries. This is due not only to its continuing upward trend but also to its impact that goes beyond the economic realm, encompassing social aspects and even threatening political stability in the country. Most countries with large populations also tend to have higher poverty rates compared to countries with smaller populations. Likewise with the level of education and the level of labor force participation which in many communities with low economies, opportunities for Getting adequate education, from basic to higher levels, is often limited. Furthermore, if the labor force participation rate increases this can have a positive impact on economic growth. Objective: This research aims to analyze the relationship between population growth and poverty. Education level is the average number of years of schooling against poverty and the labor force participation rate against poverty. Method: This research uses time series data with population growth variables, education level, labor force participation rate, and poverty level in the last 10 years, namely 2013-2023 so the number of observations is 35 observation points. Results: Based on the results of data processing and simultaneous testing, it shows that population growth, education level, and labor force participation rate simultaneously influence Indonesia. Population growth has a negative and significant effect on poverty. Education level is the average number of years of school with a negative and insignificant effect on poverty. The labor force participation rate) has a negative and significant effect on poverty.

Trade Openness and Income Inequality – A Fresh Perspective

In the realm of economics, the relationship between trade openness and other indicators of economic growth, alongside their impact on income distribution, has been a subject of extensive examination by economists globally. Despite the considerable attention devoted to this topic, the findings remain inconclusive, particularly concerning developing countries. Some studies suggest that increased trade openness correlates with a decrease in income inequality, while others propose the opposite. This lack of consensus has led to ongoing debates among economists and policymakers in developing nations regarding the merits and drawbacks of trade liberalization. By examining a wide range of scholarly literature on the subject, this paper aims to shed light on the complex and multifaceted interactions between trade openness, various indicators of economic growth, and income distribution. Through meticulous analysis and synthesis of existing research findings, we endeavor to provide insights that contribute to a better understanding of how trade policies influence income inequality dynamics in both of developing as well as developed economies. In pursuit of these objectives, the paper will employ rigorous analytical methods and draw upon diverse datasets from different countries and time periods. By systematically exploring the relationships between trade openness, GDP growth, FDI inflows, employment trends, and income distribution, we aim to offer valuable insights that can inform evidence-based policymaking and contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding the role of trade in shaping economic inequality. Ultimately, our endeavor seeks to advance knowledge in this field and provide guidance for policymakers grappling with the challenges of fostering inclusive economic growth amidst the complexities of global trade dynamics.

How Caste Shapes the Origin and Transformation of Work and Employment in India

Studies in social sciences have an extensive literature that deals with caste as a governing social institution and its relevance in India’s socio-political and economic realms. For instance, research on labour segmentation and its linkages with material inequality or economic status has a long history. This article contextualises the history of caste order in India, which recognised the predominant role of occupation and the related socio-economic superiority of work, value and reward. Based on an analytical review of available literature, it suggests that in addition to the debates on the policy of reservations in India, there is an equally pertinent question: Why the direct impact to disintegrate caste-occupational affiliations continues to remain at numerically miniscule levels (central government data) despite an elaborate constitutional mechanism to secure valued positions of formal employment in place?

Preparation of Administrative Cost Budgeting with Maqasid Syariah Approach: Case Study at Kspps Tunas Artha Mandiri Nganjuk

The budget for administrative costs is indicative of the well-being within the company. According to Islamic economic principles, the primary objective is to attain comprehensive prosperity, encompassing material, spiritual, and moral well-being. The concept of prosperity and happiness (falah) aligns with the tenets of Islamic sharia, which consist of five principles of maqasid sharia: religion (ad-ddin), soul (an-nafs), reason (al-aql), heredity (an-nasl), and assets (al-mal) (Suardi, 2021). In the realm of Islamic economics, the maqasid sharia approach can guide budget formulation to align with Islamic values, emphasizing public welfare, justice, and sustainability.

Linguistic Landscape in the Tourist Area, Lembang Bandung, Indonesia

This study investigates the linguistic landscape of Lembang, Bandung, Indonesia. The field site is situated in a region distinguished by the longstanding presence of diverse cultures and a high degree of multilingualism. This study employed photographs as the primary data source to gather samples from the tourist area of Lembang. The research methodology employed in this study involved the use of photographs. The data presented demonstrate the presence of multiple dimensions that characterize the linguistic landscape of a tourist area. The 83 photographs reveal the language distribution of the Lembang LL. There are three public signs discernible from the language usage of LL signs: monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual. The linguistic landscape in Lembang LL demonstrates a complex interplay of sociopolitical and economic factors, resulting in a multifaceted phenomenon. The results indicate that Indonesian, as the sole national and official language of the country, occupies a prominent position on all signs. English is recognized as the second most significant language in Indonesia, following Indonesian, and is widely used as a means of international communication. Nevertheless, it is regrettable that Sundanese is not predominantly utilized, particularly within the economic realm or business world in the Lembang region. The aforementioned findings indicate that English and Indonesian in Lembang possess both symbolic and commercial significance. Furthermore, the linguistic landscape (LL) in Lembang progressively transforms into a commodified entity.

Integrating Value at Risk (VaR) Model into Behavior Economics for Consumer Behavior Marketing and Decision Analysis

This overview paper supplies a background for a potential suppose of a new research dimension, based on Value at Risk model analysis applying in a point of view based on behavior economics, and supposed theory of using the models of Value at Risk. This article proposes a novel research avenue by melding the Value at Risk (VaR) model with behavioral economics, aiming to enrich our comprehension and forecasting of consumer behavior in the marketing domain. The paper underscores the significance of the discussed topics, encompassing the VaR model, marketing strategies, consumer behavior patterns, behavioral economics, and a concise touch on econometric tools. Hypotheses are presented, showcasing a regression model that holds the potential to significantly contribute to upcoming research endeavors. The foundational context and recommended methodologies of this study are tailored to spotlight specific market segments when gauging market reactions. By employing this combined model, researchers can delve into the behavior of consumers within specific geographical or economic markets, offering insights into their likely reactions to shifts in the price of merit goods. This approach beckons further exploration in correlating domains, encompassing classical economics, marketing insights related to consumer behavior, and the broader realm of behavioral economics.

The impact of policy intervention on international wine demand

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of implementing anti-dumping duties on imported Australian wine to China in the short- and long-run, respectively.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method is used in this study to evaluate the short-run causal effect of implementing anti-dumping duties on imported Australian wine to China. Second, a Bayesian ensemble method is used to predict 2023–2025 wine exports from Australia to China. The disparity between the forecasts and counterfactual prediction which assumes no anti-dumping duties represents the accumulated impact of the anti-dumping duties in the long run.FindingsThe anti-dumping duties resulted in a significant decline in red and rose, white and sparkling wine exports to China by 92.59%, 99.06% and 90.06%, respectively, in 2021. In the long run, wine exports to China are projected to continue this downward trend, with an average annual growth rate of −21.92%, −38.90% and −9.54% for the three types of wine, respectively. In contrast, the counterfactual prediction indicates an increase of 3.20%, 20.37% and 4.55% for the respective categories. Consequently, the policy intervention is expected to result in a decrease of 96.11%, 93.15% and 84.11% in red and rose, white and sparkling wine exports to China from 2021 to 2025.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in the creation of an economic paradigm for assessing policy impacts within the realm of wine economics. Methodologically, it also represents the pioneering application of the DID and Bayesian ensemble forecasting methods within the field of wine economics.

Javno obrazovanje, stalni rashodi i produktivnost u industrijskom sektoru u Nigeriji

The debate on whether governments should increase their human capital investment is a popular topic within the realm of economics. This research seeks to solve this issue by looking into the importance of productivity in the manufacturing output as well as the function of productive expenditure. The study examines how the recurrent expenditure of public education in Nigeria between 1981 and 2019 affected manufacturing productivity. The study employed the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) approach to analyse the relationship between public education recurrent expenditure, public health spending, trade openness, inflation rate, and the output of the manufacturing sector. The study reveals that public education recurrent expenditure is not significantly associated with manufacturing productivity. According to the study, the government should also concentrate on implementing policy frameworks aimed at improving manufacturing sector productivity by targeting public recurrent education spending.

Exploring tourist animosity and its influence on destination choices in the post-covid 19 eras: A study of Vietnamese independent travelers

Previous studies on consumer animosity have traditionally focused on the relationship between a single home country and a specific target country. This limited approach implies that animosity is contingent upon the unique dynamics between these two countries. However, this study seeks to broaden the conceptualization of consumer animosity by exploring its applicability to a pandemic health crisis, an area that has not been previously examined. While consumer animosity has been studied in economic, political, cultural, and religious contexts, its relevance within the context of a health crisis has not been thoroughly investigated. This study is to investigate tourist animosity towards different countries and its impact on the decision-making process for choosing a tourist destination, before and after a holiday. This study’s primary objectives were successfully accomplished through a comprehensive analysis, which entailed thoroughly examining and interpreting qualitative data procured from a total of seventeen semi-structured interviews conducted with meticulous care and attention to detail. The findings reveal that tourist animosities, including general animosity, war hartred, the threat of pandemics, and countries' policies regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, have a negative influence on tourists' intentions to visit, intentions to revisit, and their likelihood to spread positive word-of-mouth. The study also highlights that tourists frequently rely on online sources, such as government websites, to access tourism information and review countries' travel policies, even in the post-COVID-19 era. This research contributes to the understanding of the consumer animosity construct, which has been previously explored in the realms of economics, politics, culture, and religion but has not been applied to a pandemic health crisis before. Furthermore, the study investigates universal animosity, which encompasses animosity directed towards various countries and extends beyond country-specific causes, offering practical implications for the tourism industry in the post-pandemic era.

Политика Египта в Ливии как отражение современных тенденций на Ближнем Востоке

This article examines the evolution of Egypt’s foreign policy towards Libya, highlighting the significance of the recent developments for understanding the shifts both in Cairo’s foreign strategy and regional military and political dynamics. The persistent Libyan conflict presents a formidable challenge to international and regional security. Egypt’s engagement in Libya is driven by its national security concerns, with special emphasis on the need to maintain Libyan territorial integrity, stabilize the country’s military-political landscape, and prevent Islamist resurgence. The article underscores the securitized nature of Egypt’s foreign policy, characterized by its readiness to employ force to ensure national interests. However, the author also points to Cairo’s strategic flexibility while balancing military and political measures, demonstrating willingness to adapt approaches without abandoning core objectives, and fostering dialogue. Actively working to stabilize Libya, Egypt aims to mitigate risks to its national interests, including the ones in the realm of economy. Cairo’s goals include support to Libya’s integrity as a state, reducing foreign interference, ensuring border security, enhancing Egyptian regional influence, and protecting its economic stakes. These efforts mirror the broader regional trend in the foreign policies of the key regional actors who – amidst the continuing (and even worsening) conflicts and destabilization in the Middle East – have started to seek de-escalation since the early 2020s, driven by the realization that costly military strategies require reassessment. Recognizing the importance of cooperation for the goals of economic prosperity and security, key regional actors increasingly value pragmatism and flexibility in their foreign policy approaches.

دالة الزكاة في الاقتصاد الإسلامي: دراسة تحليلية

The paper focuses on the significant role of Zakat in the Islamic economic system and how it can be effective in solving various economic issues, particularly poverty eradication. The priority of Islamic Sharia is to ensure everyone has a dignified life by using Zakat funds to their fullest potential. The key aspects discussed are defining Zakat, its conditions, and its economic impact, as well as addressing economic problems like recession, inflation, and unemployment. The objective of the study is to transform these economic challenges into positive aspects that contribute to economic development and foster a robust Islamic society with a minimal presence of poverty and unemployment. Zakat's significance lies in its contribution to achieving economic equilibrium, just wealth distribution, and enhancing the overall welfare of society. The effective collection and distribution of Zakat funds for investment projects stimulates consumption, boosts production, generates employment, and balances societal aspects, particularly in the economic realm. The study's problem statement focuses on comprehending the importance of Zakat in Islamic economics and its role in fostering a highly efficient economy. The aim is to clarify the nature of Zakat, its obligatory status in Islam, its effect on demand and consumption, and its contribution to solving economic issues and ensuring equitable economic development. The study's value lies in pointing out the importance of Zakat in the creation of a prosperous and successful economy. By redistributing wealth in a fair way, eliminating poverty and unemployment, and providing everyone with a dignified life, we can foster growth and progress within a solid foundation. The study's methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical approach that relies on religious sources (Quran and Hadith) in addition to the previous studies to emphasize Zakat's importance and its role in achieving effective economic development within an Islamic framework.

ЗОВНІШНІ ТА ВНУТРІШНІ ЗАГРОЗИ ЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ БЕЗПЕЦІ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the concepts of “economic securityˮ, “external threats to economic securityˮ, and “internal threats to economic securityˮ. Economic security is defined as the achievement of a state of the national economy that ensures economic development, effective control over the use of resources, and protection of economic interests at the international and domestic levels. The main functional components of economic security are defined as economic independence, sustainability and stability of the national economy, and the ability for self-development and progress. The components of economic security are considered in this study. These include internal economic security (demographic security; food security; raw material security; innovation and technological security; financial security; investment security; energy security; environmental security; information security; military security) and external economic security (export security; import security; security in the field of international capital movement; security in the process of international labour migration). The study encompassed the examination of economic security-related objects (state, separate territorial formations, citizens, enterprises, organisations, institutions, and entrepreneurs) and subjects (central and local bodies of executive power, state enterprises). The potential negative impact on national economic interests (state, society, individual), conditions and mechanisms for the implementation of external and internal factors of threats to economic security have been investigated. The principal external and internal factors that pose a threat to the economic security of Ukraine are identified. These factors are in a state of constant flux due to the evolution of the global economy, society and the national economy. A number of indicators have been proposed for the purpose of assessing the level of economic security of the state. These include key aspects such as the state of the national economy, the development of scientific and technological progress, the countering of external and internal threats, and foreign economic activity. A comprehensive assessment was conducted with respect to the degree of economic security currently prevailing in Ukraine. The assessment indicated a notable lack of efficiency within the economic realm and identified a series of risks that may potentially impede the growth of the national economy in the future. The primary means of ensuring Ukraineʼs economic security are proposed, namely a system of legal, organisational and economic measures designed to prevent external and internal economic threats.

Правовое регулирование технологий искусственного интеллекта и робототехники в сфере энергетики в Российской Федерации: проблемы и перспективы

The energy industry is one of the dynamically developing and investment-worthy areas where new technology is being actively introduced. The agenda is focused on digitalization and one of its most important products, artificial intelligence, as a popular and promising set of IT solutions applied in various areas, including the fuel and energy complex (FEC). The main risk of the full AI technology integration in the energy complex, as well as the creation of favorable investment conditions for its further development, is the imperfection of the legal and regulatory framework governing general and industrial aspects. This article analyzes the current state of legal regulation of AI and robotics in the energy industry of the Russian Federation, and also provides some examples of foreign legal experience on the topic under consideration. The jurisdictions of the European Union (with the subsequent implementation of legal norms into the national laws of the member States) and the United Kingdom were chosen as promising examples. It should be noted that in each of the selected states, a whole set of policy documents was adopted that consolidate the goals and objectives of AI development, as well as identify the main threats to the further integration of this technology into different economic realms, including energy. Besides, there are material differences in legislative approaches. The combination of the experience studied makes it possible to improve national laws on AI and robotics integration in the Russian FEC. It seems necessary to perform unification at the level of the federal law regulating the general provisions on AI. Besides, it is required to update special energy industry laws, including through the adoption of new energy security regulations at the substatutory level.

Economía y (como) ficción en la Inglaterra del siglo xvi: usura, depreciación, inflación y circulación del capital

The present work stems from the analogies/homologies existing between the linguistic and the economic realms, which are ontologically considered as similar: systems of symbolic representation sharing similar dynamics of meaning production and retrieval. These similarities become apparent already in the 16th century, when the first early modern (proto) economic writers examine such notions as usury and money lending; debasement; inflationary processes; and the various approaches to money circulation and accumulation. It will be argued that these processes were not only examined by 16th century proto-economic authors, but they also articulated various aesthetic and literary productions, mostly in drama and poetry of the 1500s.

Network analysis in peace and state building: revealing power elites

Abstract This paper examines the potential role of network analysis in understanding the powerful elites that pose a significant threat to peace and state-building within post-conflict contexts. This paper makes a threefold contribution. First, it identifies a caveat in the scholarship surrounding international interventions, shedding light on shortcomings in their design and implementation strategies, and elucidating the influence these elites wield in the political and economic realms. Next, it delineates the essentials of the network analysis approach, addressing the information and data requirements and limitations inherent in its application in conflict environments. Finally, the paper provides valuable insights gleaned from the international operation in Guatemala known as the International Commission for Impunity in Guatemala, which specifically targeted illicit networks. The argument asserts that network analysis functions as a dual-purpose tool—serving as both a descriptive instrument to reveal, identify, and address the root causes of conflict and a predictive tool to enhance peace agreement implementation and improve decision-making. Simultaneously, it underscores the challenge of data analysis and translating network interventions into tangible real-life consequences for long-lasting results.

EKONOMI MATEMATIKA: BAGAIMANA FUNGSI LINEAR MENENTUKAN KESIMBANGAN HARGA PASAR

The primary objective of this scientific inquiry is to thoroughly investigate and expound upon the practical application and implementation of linear function equations within the domain of economic mathematics. The central focus lies in dissecting the intricate modeling of market equilibrium prices, with a specific emphasis on the assessment of consumer and producer surpluses associated with essential commodities, such as rice. The core methodology of this study involves an in-depth literature review, which serves as the backbone for understanding the nuances of market equilibrium price models and the nuanced application of linear equations within economic mathematics. The economic and business disciplines are often considered semi-precise sciences, demanding a nuanced blend of qualitative and quantitative analyses to achieve a comprehensive understanding of their multifaceted dynamics. In this context, quantitative analysis in economics and business invariably necessitates the utilization of mathematics as an indispensable tool. Hence, this study consciously adopts a quantitative research approach, a methodological process rooted in the systematic acquisition of knowledge using numerical data as a tool to dissect and analyze crucial information relevant to the subject matter. Delving into the intricacies of supply and demand laws through the lens of linear functions, the study ultimately concludes that the adoption of mathematical models grounded in linear functions holds the potential to effectively determine the demand and supply functions, especially concerning staple commodities like rice. Moreover, it proves instrumental in identifying and comprehending market equilibrium, furnishing invaluable insights that can significantly contribute to a nuanced understanding and effective management of economic phenomena. In essence, this research aims not only to contribute to the theoretical discourse in economic mathematics but also to provide practical insights that can inform decision-making processes within the realms of economics and business.

Assessing the Importance of the Marine Chokepoint: Evidence from Tracking the Global Marine Traffic

The significance of international maritime chokepoints and the exploration of their safety and security are intricately linked to the expansion of the maritime economy, the maintenance of political and social stability, and the safeguarding of state interests. Limited efforts have been dedicated to comprehensively assessing the extent of chokepoints’ influence or establishing a global ranking of their importance using dependable maritime data. In light of the growing significance of oceans and seas in the realms of economy and society, there is a pressing need to afford heightened attention to the importance of chokepoints. In this paper, 15 critical chokepoints from around the world are studied, and the method of Location Quotient is used to calculate the influence of their radiation range utilizing the Automatic Identification System (AIS); this study charts the worldwide spatial and temporal dimensions of maritime transport spanning from 2012 to 2022. The conclusion of this study reveals the following key findings: (1) Maritime shipping trajectories exhibit fluctuating growth over time, with traffic hotspots predominantly located in continental border zones, gradually decreasing from the equator toward the poles; (2) The regions with active maritime traffic do not exhibit a positive correlation with the hotspots; instead, there is a pattern of “strong in the north, weak in the south, strong in the east, weak in the west”; (3) The Strait of Gibraltar and the Strait of Malacca are identified as the globally most strategically valuable straits for maritime shipping; (4) There is significant variation in the influence range of strategic passages, and countries with mutual dependencies may have competitive relationships.

Socio-cultural Challenges on Federal Structure Nepal

Socio cultural change is a dynamic concept and change on different time periods. These variables are change and main determinants of political and economic change. The cultural, ethnic and economic diversity across the country is very hard to have homogeneity within such heterogeneous characteristics. Therefore, new minorities are likely to be created within the subunits. Such units and subunits among various socio-cultural and ethnic groups may create instability. The disagreement on the geographical division of the states has already created instability in the Terai region. Why is socially and culturally diverse Asia still overwhelmingly unfederal ? The issue seeks to answer the question by identifying the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in some countries as well as its rejection in others, with particular reference to existing research and the practices of federalism in India, Pakistan and Malaysia.1 The central argument is that the federal discourse in Asia is to be conjoined to democracy discourse in order to assess the democratic effect of federalism, which is an important key to federal success. On the basis of a conceptual distinction between diversity- claims and equality-claims, it is emphasized that federalism in Asia needs to strike a balance between its concern for management of diversity and for the production of some equity in the social-cultural and economic realms.

CEO Communications and ESG Performance: Deciphering the Impact of Corporate Narratives

In the realm of corporate economics, this study explores the influence of CEO communications within Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports on a firm's Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance. It specifically examines the content, tone, and strategies of CEO messages in CSR reports of companies with top ESG scores from S&P Global Indices. The research aims to study the correlation between the linguistic characteristics of the CEO communications and the company's ESG performance. By analyzing key themes and content strategies in CEO communications, the study assesses their effectiveness in enhancing ESG practices within organizations. Our methodology includes analyzing qualitative aspects of CEO communications in CSR reports, and correlating them to the ESG performance. The findings indicate a significant connection between the qualitative aspects of CEO letters and ESG performance. CEOs emphasizing wellness, environmental impact, and business responsibility are perceived more favorably, suggesting a need for more readable and less polarized CEO communications to engage stakeholders and investors effectively. The study contributes both theoretically and managerially, offering insights into the impact of CEO communication on corporate sustainability and providing guidance for advancing a company's commitment to sustainable economic growth and ethical business practices.

Editorial: Bridging the gap between Islamic finance and Sustainable, Responsible, and Impact Investing

In the realm of present-day economics and finance, two significant paradigms, Islamic Finance and Sustainable, Responsible and Impact (SRI) investing, have emerged as strong forces shaping investment ideologies and strategies. Although emerged as distinct fields in global finance, they potentially complement each other. Notably, the financial worth of Islamic Finance is around USD 4.5 trillion globally with an annual growth of 11 to 12 percent, while the financial worth of SRI investing is almost 10 times higher than that of Islamic finance. They have a joint core value proposition that aligns financial decisions with ethical principles while emphasizing a positive impact on society and the environment. Even though their origins and operational structure differ, it is worthwhile to explore the intersection and potential bridges between them.