Global Realm Research Articles

배움의 일상성 탐구: 개조의 일상, 일상의 개조

The Covid-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the traditional rules in the global realm of the political, economic, social, cultural sides. Especially, in the educational dimension, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused some changes in terms of teaching & learning methods and on-line instructing system. By doing so, there were some questions what is the essentials of education. In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, human beings should practice lifelong erudition. A future society could be a society that lives together like the community as conviviality. This study examined the changes in daily life under the pandemic circumstance, and reconceptualized the reformatting of daily life, habitus of erudition. And, it discussed the effects of changes in daily life and recommended the potentials of the Science of Erudition for daily life.

How have we kept the peace in ASEAN and how can we secure its promise among all peoples in Southeast Asia?: preliminary reflections on a humanist paradigm

ABSTRACT Is humanity – a global human community – possible? I suggest that it is not only possible, but is an immanent world in certain places such as East/Southeast-Asia. This possibility emerges from what I call the original encounter – in which primordial spaces in the global realm are constituted by never-old, self-determining, and evolutionary political communities inside as well as outside of the logic of the state. The paper begins by asking: If we, the peoples, exist and respect each other as equals, how then do we come together and agree on our ideas, sentiments, beliefs, and interests as a divided community? Behind the question is a pragmatic purpose. A fifty-year peace has reigned among ASEAN states. But how did we keep this project alive? How can we extend and deepen it? The ‘original encounter’ I explore is a normative proposition. It comprises eight postulates which form aspects and dimensions of a world we inhabit but which we do not see in its totality – a gem in the rough. The objective of the paper is not to complete an answer, but provide enough evidence to raise a fundamental question: Can ASEAN be conceptualised as a community of peoples?

HAMBATAN IMPLEMENTASI KOMUNIKASI ILMIAH AKSES TERBUKA: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS

Barriers to the implementation of open access globally need to be studied further using a systematic review. The purpose of this study is to look at the barriers from various countries in implementing open access. This study uses a systematic review method with a qualitative approach. The data collection method is in the form of planning, implementation, and synthesis of search results. This study uses Google Scholar to capture all research on implementing scientific communication with open access in the global realm. The search results on Google Scholar using Boolean logic found 273 articles. After the elimination process based on research objectives became 16 articles. This study shows that the biggest obstacle in implementing open access is the perception of the researchers (33.3%) which indicates that the quality of open access journals is less guaranteed, that is, many of them fall into the category of predatory journals. In addition, another obstacle identified was policy (25.6%). The government or stakeholders must make policies that regulate the standards for the quality of open access journals, the editorial board, and the time intervals for publishing journals. Other obstacles include financial factors where many researchers have minimal research funds but open access publications require large funds (23.1%), followed by copyright (10.3%) and language (7.7%) because not all researchers are fluent in English. The results of this study can be used as a reference for further research in assessing the obstacles that have also been happened in Indonesia.

Filantropi Islam Menjawab Problem Kesenjangan Ekonomi Umat

<em>Economic inequality is an imbalance that separates the rich and the poor. It is a socio-economic problem that is currently occurring in the global realm, including in Indonesia itself. Therefore, economic disparity is a serious problem that must be resolved. According to Islam, the economic gap between rich and poor is sunnatullah. Because in essence humans are different circumstances, some are destined to be rich and some are the other way around. However, Allah forbids every behavior that causes poverty and inequality, such as not wanting to help the needy, poor and leaving them in hunger. Among the solutions offered by Islam in addressing economic inequality is Islamic philanthropy. Through an authoritative literature review or library research, it can be concluded that, first, the causes of economic inequality are caused by three factors, namely: natural, cultural and structural factors. This is due to the influence of the capitalist system and materialism. Second, there are many very bad impacts of economic inequality such as rebellion, crime, radicalism, poverty, national income according to, and hampered national development. Third, Islam resolves the gap by behaving fairly, especially in the economy, helping each other, and increasing awareness about the importance of zakat, waqf, infaq and alms, all of which are Islamic philanthropy</em>

Sovereign Power, Government and Global Liberalism’s Crisis

Abstract Abstract: For some time now a leading cause of debate among IR scholars has been the so-called Liberal International Order (LIO) and its assumed crisis. This article pierces this debate from a critical perspective asserting that different conceptions and analytics of power allow diverse questions on and diagnoses of liberalism in the global realm. With this objective, it confronts Ikenberry’s conception of LIO with the Foucauldian notion of liberalism. This is done by identifying the conception of power that underlies each notion of liberalism, assuming the former as performative. This way, it first defines two different conceptions of power: sovereign and governmental. Second, it links Ikenberry’s conception of LIO with the sovereign conception of power and points out the political and analytical effects of this relation, mainly, the hierarchical character of LIO and the consequent desire for a West-led world. Third, it develops Foucault’s conception of liberalism linked to governmental power and establishes some of its political and analytical effects: the importance of a heterarchical notion of power focused on the dimension of subject and subjectivity for the analysis of the present, and the political need to reflect on our practices of freedom.

Role of Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusivity

In this 21st century, technology has brought revolutionary change in global realm, specifically in information society, which influenced all the different fields of human society. To compete in world economy, nations cannot think of their development without the integration of technology (such as information and communication technology) in their educational systems (United Nations, 2005). Information and communication technology (ICT) is proved very useful to attain educational objectives in inclusive setting, where all children are taught in common classroom regardless of their socio-economic, cultural, religious, regional, caste and creed backgrounds. The task of providing qualitative and accessible education to differently abled children has become a shared responsibility for all stakeholders (Ahmad,2015;Praisner,2003); which demands a change in attitude, the presence and accessibility of infrastructure facilities, different methods and strategies of teaching and learning, varied tools and techniques for assessment and evaluation, and the solution of issue of acceptance and accommodation of all learners at all levels in education system(Ahmad,2014;2015b;Stainback & Stainback,1984). Assistive devices and assistive equipments of Information and communication technology facilitate children with varied impairments in inclusive setting. Researches proved that information and communication technology has played a crucial role to bring equality among all learners in the inclusive classrooms, however the efficiency in educational process can be achieved only through the involvement of stakeholders of education and with the efforts of different countries ( in terms of finance disbursement and provision of infrastructure facilities).

Norwegian interests and participation towards the creation of marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean

ABSTRACT Norway is an important player in Antarctic governance. As a claimant state with historic whaling interests, it has long held influence in decision-making. Today, Norway lands the largest catch of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) while also leading innovations in sustainable management. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) – a 26-member body (including Norway) which manages marine living resources in the Southern Ocean – has been moving towards adopting a network of marine protected areas (MPAs). Norway has been very influential in this effort – at times supporting and at other times opposing. Here, our research seeks to understand how Norwegian interests in Antarctica – including historic, political and economic – impact the adoption of MPAs. To complete this research, we performed a content analysis of Norwegian government documents and CCAMLR meeting reports combined with interviews with key informants. Norway has shown a complex combination of support and concern, often related to economic interests, the role of science, and Norway’s positions in other global realms (e.g., the Arctic). A variety of themes emerged that help describe Norwegian positions and actions in the Southern Ocean MPA process: Norway as a leader in the Antarctic, and in global ocean industries and sustainability; Norway as an active supporter of international cooperation; the importance of science which informs utilisation and protection; and CCAMLR’s purpose as a marine living resource management organisation. This research helps provide insight into Norway’s positions and into understanding consensus in the CCAMLR MPA process.

PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM DENGAN PENDEKATAN SOSIO-LEGAL

True law is not born from empty and empty space, people as legal users participate in coloring the law itself. The socio-legal approach puts forward two aspects; First the ability to analyze each product of textual study legislation, the articles in the legislation and policy can be analyzed critically and explained the meaning and implications for legal subjects (including marginalized groups). Secondly, the ability to interact with other legal sciences is also the development of global law today. The use of the socio-legal approach is actually intended to gain a new understanding that the law is not monoistic but the law can be seen also interdisciplinary, some experts also see that the law has many faces, in line with the interdisciplinary study, in fact legal pluralism is true, this can be seen from the paradigm that he built namely legal pluralism is associated with the "law that moves" in the realm of globalization. Therefore it becomes very important to see globalization in the context of history and law can be present there. Therefore the logical consequences of the science of law from a scientific product are open for critical review, either to deny or strengthen it, science will develop rapidly when there is a dialogue and deny each other in the sense of not mutually denying but mutually justifying and advancing, this offer in fact what I want to convey above is the tendency of mainstrim law with the positivism paradigm by offering a socio-legal approach.

Tinjauan Budaya Pidato Presiden Joko Widodo Pasca Vaksinasi Pertama di Indonesia

This short speech when President Jokowi received the first vaccination gave birth to a large discourse regarding the involvement of all parties in one problem, regardless of racial and group interests. The interactions that occur touch the global realm because they are reported through media networks to the realm of small groups through social media applications. Interaction through the media reaches the old, young and millennial groups to prove that vaccination is only one way to ensure that everyone gets alternative health solutions during a pandemic in addition to the habits implemented in health protocols, namely washing hands, wearing masks and keeping your distance. Indonesia as the country with the largest Muslim population must ensure that the vaccines in circulation are halal- certified. Mental readiness is important to understand and implement through continuous and continuous mitigation or prevention. The community must understand and learn from disaster management in other countries.

Development of Literacy in Islamic Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era for Elementary School

The challenges of education during the Corona Virus Diseases (COVID-19) pandemic are increasingly complex. The internalization process of literacy activities needs to be improved in an effort to improve the quality of human resources in the global realm. This research aims to explore strategies in improving the literacy of students during COVID-19 and the problems faced by teachers during the literacy development process at Mutiara Hati Elementary School in Malang, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study methods. The data source was taken using observation, interview and documentation with data analysis techniques using triangulation techniques with three stages; collection, reduction, and conclusion. The results showed four strategies can be done to improve literacy activities that, strategies used can be done to improve the literacy culture of students through four ways; webinar activities, ongoing mentoring, work monitoring and distribution of students' literacy results. While in the problematic aspects faced by teachers there are three aspects, namely the limitations of competency in designing media, the limitations of discussion space on the work of students and the lack of supporting facilities to monitor the work of students. The findings of this study have manifestly shown that the integration of media, strategies and competencies of ideal teachers can provide positive output for creativity and critical thought processes of students in making work. This study recommends further research to test the effectiveness of literacy activities and the use of broader research methods of reach and problematic solving faced by teachers.

Order at the margins: The legal construction of interface conflicts over time

AbstractLegal multiplicity in the global realm, and the interface conflicts that ensue from it, are widely thought to have a destabilising effect, blocking the path towards a more integrated and perhaps constitutionalised global order. While this diagnosis may appear plausible if interface conflicts are seen as snapshots and rivalrous institutions as the main actors, it is less convincing if we regard these conflicts as part of social processes of contestation that define the relations between different norms over time. It is also less plausible if actors with other orientations – norm irritation or navigation – are taken into view. This article works towards a more encompassing account, both temporally and as regards actor orientations. It uses two case studies of conflicts at the interface between economic governance and human rights to probe the plausibility of its conjectures. Both cases appear as instances of prolonged norm contestation which, despite continued irresolution of the underlying conflicts as a matter of law, have resulted in a significant reorientation and (partial) consolidation around new interpretations. This suggests that interface conflicts, rather than destabilising the rule of law, may also open a pathway for change in the otherwise rigid structure of the international legal order

Local, Cross-cultural, and Global: Japoniste Ceramics in Limoges

Abstract Ever since its inception Japonisme presented a creative tension between local traditions and cross-cultural practices. Adding to this formative relationship was the simultaneous development of Japonisme across Europe, the United States, and Japan itself. This paper focuses on one place of intersection – Limoges – and one medium – ceramics – to identify the local (Limoges’s rich ceramic history), the cross-cultural (French and Japanese influences), and the global (similar practices in other regions). A constellation of producers and collectors inextricably connected Limoges, a centuries-old hub of French ceramics, with the increasingly global realm of japoniste ceramics. How did the Limoges tradition blend with a Paris-based Japonisme in Limoges-produced japoniste ceramics? And what was the international reception of these ceramics? Cross-regional and cross-temporal emulation was a driving force bridging Japonisme with the latest experiments in the arts, from early abstractionism to revisions of hierarchies of genre and medium.

Shifting Security Paradigm in Contemporary Era: Role of Law Enforcement Agencies

In setting of today’s security challenges, striving for sound policing of military character through paramilitary, auxiliary and armed police forces has usurped. The law enforcement agencies are engaged to curb the security threats at realm of dynamic security challenges. The changing perspectives of security scenario along with modern security challenges like terrorism, out and in migration, armed activities and actions of non-state actors are very common to states. The security challenges due to the increase in terrorism, extremism, armed conflict, insurgency, civil war, cyber threats, and non-state actor’s activities, are some of the looming security concerns affecting effectiveness and efficacy of the law enforcement agencies. This research is conducted by applying descriptive research method and secondary sources to identify the perspectives of modern-day security situation and role of law enforcement agencies to combat these challenges. This paper highlights the contemporary security challenges contextualized at the global realm to offer possible future strategies in general for the security agencies within and outside the country.

Fostering a global public sphere in real time: transpacific Skype seminars as a teaching strategy with implications for citizenship and identity

Citizenship and identity can be viewed as dynamic and transformative rather than as fixed or static, especially in an era in which the public sphere for contestation and deliberation has expanded beyond the limits of nation-states and into the global realm. It can be difficult, though, within the confines of conventional classrooms to create an atmosphere that gives students, even in culturally diverse university settings, a sense that they are taking part in a meaningful global conversation. New digital media platforms and videoconferencing technology are rendering this goal less elusive than before, and this article works across the theory and practice of global citizenship education to explain how faculty members in Los Angeles, California, and Seoul, South Korea, have team-taught their respective undergraduate courses via live Skype seminars. We review, in concrete and practical terms, the planning and logistics that went into this teaching strategy, including an extensive discussion on how we evaluated the initiative and how we modified the strategy to add team assignments that brought the students together for collaboration beyond the weekly class meetings. We then reflect upon how our shared endeavor of bringing students together for mutual learning across national borders carries implications for the ways in which our students think about their roles and identities as citizens.

Indian Imaginaries of Chinese Success in the Global Herbal Medicine Market

Abstract India’s share in the global herbal market is dwarfed by that of China. Public and policy discourse in India exhorts Ayurvedic stakeholders to emulate Chinese medicine’s “science-based approach” to expand their global market share. But contrary to popular perception in India, China has been largely unsuccessful in making inroads into the coveted Euro-American herbal medicine market. Chinese medicine’s global footprint is largely the result of historical-cultural links, diasporic influences, and acupuncture practitioners. With national traditional medicine policies increasingly shaped by the evidence-based regulatory paradigm, the future of these informal bottom-up pathways is uncertain. Ignoring the roots of Chinese medicine’s global career has led to a distorted image of its “success” as an outcome of state investment in scientific validation and standardization programs. Our findings underscore the need to critically examine the imaginaries of success that drive stakeholders of non-biomedical traditions toward scientization to earn legitimacy and profits in the global realm.

The Development of China's Tax Treaties Policy: Taking the Tax Treaties Revisited and Signed by China in the Last Decade as the Sample

This paper argues that, the past ten years is an unprecedented “golden decade” for tax treaties policy in China to take shape. The rapid developments have been closely interwoven with the economic, legal and institutional reforms that have taken place within the country in the larger scale, and deeply affected by the dynamic changes in the global realm of international taxation. Based on the examination of several key provisions under 29 tax treaties China signed and revisited since 2008, this research aims to offer answers to a set of questions such as: what are the differences between the BTTs that China signed with the developed countries and the developing countries? To what extent may the China’s tax treaties network facilitate the outbound investment, particularly the “one-belt-one road” initiative? How will the signature of BEPS multilateral convention (2017) affect China’s existing bilateral tax treaties?

Global Governance, Sustainability and the Earth System: Critical Reflections on the Role of Global Law

AbstractThis article begins by questioning the capacity of the concept of sustainable development to stabilize social reproduction and foster global justice. Based on interdisciplinary perspectives on global governance, it discusses the way in which global law fails to cope with the resonance of advanced capitalism in the world society and ecological systems. Our analysis focuses on the regulatory and institutional features of three interwoven functional regulatory regimes (global finance, energy, and environmental protection), which demonstrate structural governance dysfunction at the expense of ecological integrity and justice in the global realm. The article further examines the capacity of global law to foster a ‘compositive’ and ‘compensatory’ contribution to global justice and the stability of the Earth system through global constitutionalism. In this context, it concludes that Neil Walker's global law approach provides a fertile analytical framework for describing the patterns of interaction between different species of global law but proves to be particularly ‘slippery’ in its normative propositions regarding the gap between global law and justice. Drawing from the Earth system approach, we argue in favour of a global material constitutionalism, recognizant of ecosystemic boundaries and socio-environmental impacts of the global socio-economic metabolism. We consider that the gap between global law and global justice is best addressed by devising more deliberative patterns of transnational governance, as well as ecosystem and human rights approaches, in order to accommodate the fair and equitable internalization of material limits across global regulatory regimes that act as functionally differentiated economic constitutions of advanced capitalism.

Legitimacy beyond the state: institutional purposes and contextual constraints

ABSTRACTThe essays collected in this special issue explore what legitimacy means for actors and institutions that do not function like traditional states but nevertheless wield significant power in the global realm. They are connected by the idea that the specific purposes of non-state actors and the contexts in which they operate shape what it means for them to be legitimate and so shape the standards of justification that they have to meet. In this introduction, we develop this guiding methodology further and show how the special issue’s individual contributions apply it to their cases. In the first section, we provide a sketch of our purpose-dependent theory of legitimacy beyond the state. We then highlight two features of the institutional context beyond the state that set it apart from the domestic case: problems of feasibility and the structure of international law.

The US-China Trade War: Costs, Causes, and Potential Responses by Tier II Powers

The trade war between the United States and China is generating significant costs; it is rooted in the technological revolution based on big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning, which create the grounds for strategic trade and investment policies and geostrategic rivalry; and solutions must be based on addressing the elemental forces being unleashed by this technology rather than on ironing out nominal frictions that have arisen between the United States and China. This note argues for a new Digital Round at the WTO premised on the search for a global digital realm in which all countries have a mutual stake in ensuring its integrity, as opposed to a world of what might be termed “Digitalpolitik” (the digital version of realpolitik), which features walled off realms subject to mutual routine attack, with ruinous prospects for all.

The IHME in the Shifting Landscape of Global Health Metrics

AbstractThe rise of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has augured profound changes in the landscape of global health metrics. Primarily funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the IHME has offered donors a platform for assessing many health‐related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators and a toolkit to measure the progress of different countries. The IHME's increasing influence reveals the relative sidelining of international agencies and especially the World Health Organization which has long been central to global health metrics production. This shift reflects a growing conflict between the expertise and norms of national and intergovernmental statistical production on the one hand, and the distinct epistemologies and logics of new non‐state data actors. These transitions – from an international world of statistics to a more plural, global realm of data – have acute implications for the politics and accountability of knowledge production related to the SDGs and development writ large. Even as the SDGs embrace the rubric of ‘no one left behind’, the emerging data politics might be eroding the ability of poorer states to know and act upon their development problems on their own terms.