Realization Of Social Justice Research Articles

조선후기 정조의 지리책문(地理策問)과 다산 정약용의 지리대책(地理對策)

In the late 18th century, King Jeongjo's geographical policy questions[地理策問] and Dasan Jeong Yak-yong's geographical strategies as answers of those questions were important materials that explicitly show the traditional geography discourse, such as the geography concept and geography thoughts of the ruling class in the late Joseon Dynasty. King Jeongjo's geographical policy questions includes seven questions such as the definition of geography, the reason for the existence of geography, the shape of the earth's surface, the division plan for the national territory for national prosperity, historical examination of the land area and major geographical names, and the management plan for the country's abundant products, customs, and resources, geography as a fundamental science of politics, and the direction of compilation of geography of the land. Dasan defines geography as a field that studies the human-nature relationship according to the five geographic environments, while arguing for the reason for the existence of geography as the king's discipline for national management. In this way, Dasan answered each question based on a variety of ancient oriental geography books, his extensive geographic informations, and historical geographies of the country. In the discourse of traditional geography between king Jeongjo and Dasan, the discipline of geography that thinks about the realization of social justice and humanistic politics[文治], the search for geography that breaks away from feng shui[風水] and the waters sutra[水經] that should be published to be paired with the geography book, and the need for mapping for completeness was discussed. The geography discourse between king Jeongjo and Dasan is also a reminder of the aspect of scientific geography that appeared in the early days of Western modern geography.

Social Justice as an Incentive and a Brake on Economic Development: The Contradictions of the USSR as Challenges for the Future

The article examines the experience of the USSR in the field of solving the problem of correlation between social justice and economic efficiency. The characteristics of those aspects of Soviet experience in the sphere of implementation of social justice principles in the sphere of labor and distribution, which have potential for application in the conditions of modern capitalism to respond to the current challenges, are outlined. Firstly, it is noted that social justice is not reduced to inequality of income and distribution of wealth but is considered in connection with the human factor of economic development. In an expanded understanding, social justice includes a measure of access to basic resources such as labour, housing, education, health and other areas of human development. The experience of the USSR is characterised by the fact that, on the one hand, the universal availability and security of these basic resources (public goods) created the grounds for stimulating human development. On the other hand, the violation of these declared principles in practice (due to the development of bureaucratic privileges and benefits, the shadow economy, etc.) caused serious negative incentives, which became one of the elements in the system of reasons for the departure of “real socialism” from the historical scene. Secondly, the article points out that the Soviet system of income generation based on the principles of labour distribution was a combination of planned-normative and market-capitalist principles designed to create economic “egoistic” incentives. To the extent that this system was implemented, it succeeded in stimulating productivity and labour (but not market) initiative. But the manifestation, and in later stages of the USSR's development – in some cases the predominance, of bureaucratic-voluntarist foundations in the system created rather negative incentives. Relations of alienation in the sphere of appropriation and disposal of public property undermined socialist incentives to work and social innovation. The author concludes that some of the achievements of the Soviet system in the realisation of social justice are possible and effective in meeting the challenge of sustainable development in the 21st century. In particular, practices that were developed in the Soviet system, such as the provision of basic goods that are publicly available and free to users, the use of forms of work organisation based on a combination of competition, solidarity and self-government, etc., remain important.

Law, Power, and Justice: A Quranic Perspective

This article seeks to elaborate on the relationship between law, power, and justice from the Koran perspective. This study makes the Quranic texts its primary source. The study results show that from the perspective of the Koran, a legal system, including an Islamic legal order, must have the spirit to create justice. The realization of social justice is the spirit that underlies the stipulation of law. State power, through the legislative body, which is the institution that is authorized to stipulate law, is obliged to make the principle of justice one of a country’s legal pillars. State power through its judiciary must make “considerations for the sake of realizing justice” in every decision on a legal case.

The role of endowments in the realization of peace and human rights

The results of this article indicate that positive peace focuses on health, disease and the fight against disease, poverty, social and economic inequalities, and the realization of social justice and at the same time, the components of the third generation of human rights are trying to realize such things as the right to development, the right to education and the right to occupation that due to its functions, endowment plays an important role in providing the mentioned items. In conclusion, it can be said that endowment is effective in strengthening and promoting positive peace and the components of the third generation of human rights.

Loosely Relational Constitutional Rights

Abstract This article attends to claims that the expansionist trend in modern constitutional practices resulted in the recognition of many norms that are not real rights: they fail to guide and constrain duty-bearers and empower and protect right-holders because they are too abstract and can be limited too regularly. It claims that many constitutional rights are, indeed, ‘loosely relational’: the correlation between them and duties is flexible and affected by considerations external to the direct relations between the right-holder and the duty-bearer. However, it adds that, the assumption that rights must be ‘strictly relational’ for them to exhibit the robust normativity that gives rights their force and value is incorrect. This is important because loosely relational constitutional rights confer this robust normativity on consequentialist standards for the evaluation of legal norms and activities: a fundamental role constitutional rights play in modern liberal legal systems, reflecting a collective commitment to the realisation of social justice.

SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECT OF REALIZATION OF CIVIL CONTROL IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

Purpose: The backwardness of civil control in modern Russia is connected with a complex of the reasons of sociocultural character, including with specifics of the Russian traditions of public participation. It is proved that only collective forms of civil control relying on mobilization and use of the social capital of local communities can be the most effective in Russia.
 Methodology: The complexity of a research was provided: first, studying of the various conditions influencing realization of principle of social justice, the analysis as the standard importance of value of justice in consciousness of the population and satisfaction with her realization in practice; secondly, complexity of methods of collecting primary information (mass poll, expert poll, secondary analysis of researches on this subject).
 Result: However, owing to a crisis of confidence the social capital of municipal units and separate groups is minimum and a little demanded. The most important starter of civil control aspiration to justice as the realization of social justice usually doesn't contact inhabitants of local communities’ personal civil activity doesn't operate, or the stereotype dominates that such activity won't result in the expected results.
 Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
 Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Sociocultural Aspect of Realization of Civil Control in Modern Russian Society is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

A EDUCAÇÃO NA SOCIEDADE DO CONHECIMENTO: POLÍTICA, ESTRUTURA E ORGANIZAÇÃO ESCOLAR

Este texto visa reflectir sobre os determinantes da política educativa, tendo em conta a necessidade de se redefinir uma política educativa coerente com os verdadeiros objectivos da educação que não sejam instrumentalizados e a favor das políticas de liberalização que não possibilitam a concretização da justiça social em relação aos mais pobres. Apesar de se reconhecerem os benefícios do pluralismo das agências formativas, evidentemente a escola continua ainda a ser nos nossos dias, a instituição que apresenta os conhecimentos de forma intencional e sistemática. Advoga-se uma política educativa que possa desenvolver um tipo de destrezas e valores que permitam aos alunos se integrarem como cidadãos na sociedade de forma reflexiva, crítica e ética, pois, as grandes crises por que a humanidade está a passar, como a crise ambiental, financeira e de conflitos, tem a sua origem na degradação da ética individual e colectiva.

A Sikh Boy’s Exclusion in Australian School: A Phenomenological Study of Parent’s Response

Diasporic relocation and resettlement ideally generate new experiences for diasporic communities and their host societies. At times, host societies (in general) and education (in concomitance) could remain impervious towards the unique cultural practices of diasporic communities, fostering a cultural gap. Such gaps may result in conflicts that impact social engagement, including education, posing cultural and educational challenges for diasporic people. Towards realisation of social justice and whilst balancing diversity, contemporary multi-cultural Australian society and educational institutions may cultivate the enactment of exclusion for students with unique diasporic cultural backgrounds. Hence, the search for equity within Australian education may remain elusive. Considering the responses of two diasporic Sikh parents faced by potential exclusion of their child in a Melbourne suburban school due to wearing a Patka (turban for young Sikh boys), this qualitative study provides a phenomenological exploration of their experiences.

Empathy, teaching dispositions, social justice and teacher education

ABSTRACTConsiderable attention over the past several years has been given to empathy as a desirable teacher disposition. Situating empathy in a slice of the research on dispositions, the author identifies and explores several problems surrounding empathy related to expectations, definitions, measurement, inferential accuracy, and the realization of social justice. An argument is made for listening to learn as an alternative to empathy as a teaching disposition and virtue.

As políticas afirmativas no ensino superior e o desenho institucional de justiça como equidade em Rawls

The article resulted from debates and research in the Interdisciplinary Nucleus of Human Rights Education of the Federal University of Tocantins on policies of access and permanence in higher education. He analyzed the result of the quota policy in the student profile of federal universities in the light of Rawlsian justice. The reflections drew on data from the IV National Survey on the Socioeconomic and Cultural Profile of the Graduates of the Federal Institutions of Higher Education, the National Association of Leaders of the Federal Institutions of Higher Education with the National Forum of Pro-rectors of Community and Student Affairs. Referring to the principle of difference, he concludes that to operate effectively and fully in the realization of social justice, affirmative action measures should not only provide for positive discrimination on a single bias, which in the case of quotas for higher education only the issue of access without ensuring adequate conditions of permanence.

当事者と向き合う専門性とは何か : 社会主義の実現に向かうソーシャルワークの専門性への考察(当事者と向き合う専門性とは何か,春季大会シンポジウム)

当事者と向き合う専門性とは何か : 社会主義の実現に向かうソーシャルワークの専門性への考察(当事者と向き合う専門性とは何か,春季大会シンポジウム)

The Development of Traditional Chinese View of Rule of Law and Its Modern Transformation

In the traditional order of the “rule of rites,” social status and relationships always held priority positions, which apparently went against the realization of social justice; Legalists thought highly of objectivity and avoided subjective randomness, and were more reasonable in this regard. However, following the integration of rites and law in the Han Dynasty, the technical aspect of Legalism emphasizing control of society and of the populace was strengthened, and in the meanwhile, their “true spirit” became concealed before long. The main signs of this are follows: (1) In the order of the “rule of rites,” the objectivity of law was gradually devoured by the subjectivity of human beings, thus the tradition where “human relationships replace law” came into being; (2) The law, which had shown the spirit of equality to a certain extent in the guise of Legalism, now degraded into a tool to maintain a hierarchy; (3) Rights were separated from duties, that is, some people enjoyed “rights without duties” as much as they wanted, while the rest were forced to carry out “duties without rights.” As history has warned us, in ruling a country, one cannot stake even the least bit of fortune upon human nature, and there can be only one bottom line and criterion, that is, common strict observance of and respect to “rules.” That should be the great value of the lesson that the pre-Qin Legalism has left for future generations.

Japan's Bar Associations and Human Rights Protection

Attorneys and bar associations play an indispensable role in the protection of fundamental human rights in Japan. The 1947 Private Attorneys Act (Bengoshi Ho) declares that “protection of human rights and realization of social justice” is the primary mission of attorneys. All of Japan’s bar associations have appointed human rights committees to coordinate efforts to realize these ideals. Their work is especially important due to the ongoing hostility of Japan’s government and Supreme Court to civil liberties and other individual rights.Part One of this essay describes the institutional structures and activities of bar associations and human rights committees. Part Two presents a case study of a Japan Federation of Bar Associations (Nichibenren) human rights committee investigation of government surveillance of a long list of civil society organizations, including Amnesty International and women’s rights, consumer protection, and writers’ groups.

The Path to Social Justice Goes Through Politics and Economics

ABSTRACT Social work policy practice theory must be reformulated if the profession wants to make a major contribution to social justice goals in our society because in the United States the path to social justice goes through politics and economics. Changes in American social polices the past forty years show how politics and economics can frustrate and impede the realization of social justice. Social work needs to acquire intervention skills that emphasize collective action because the damaging problems distorting our society with growing political inequality and huge income gaps can be addressed most effectively using the activities, processes, and strategies available in electoral politics and economics. Assimilating electoral politics and economics into social work education could successfully integrate the person-in-environment paradigm, providing practitioners with robust new tools to pursue social justice.

Formulation and realization of social justice: the compulsory school for all in Sweden and Norway

ABSTRACT The compulsory primary ‘school for all’, or the inclusive school, is very important, both in Norway and Sweden ‐ at least rhetorically. Children with special educational needs shall attend the same school and have the same education as all other children. This paper presents and analyses the formulation and the realization of this educational policy in Sweden and Norway, from the perspective of social justice. There is a gap between the formulation of and the realization of this policy in both countries. What is said to be the intention is not always what is realized in practice. The formulations of social justice are, perhaps, more ambitious in Sweden than in Norway. When it comes to the realization of the school for all, the systems differ ‐ but the practice within these systems seems relatively to be similar. Some tentative explanations of these results are offered.